I.D. 1121,. ,'■;'■;■;_;_ ,^ ;• _
VOCABULARIES
ENGLISH
ARABIC
PERSIAN
TURKISH
ARMENIAN
KURDISH
SYRIAC
Compiled hy the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence
Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty
LONDON t
PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE.
To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from
H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses :
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23 Forth Street, EoiNBtTRGH ;
or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116 Grafton Street, Dublin.
1920
Price Ss. 6d. net
Printed under the authority of
His Majesty's Stationery Office
By Frederick Hall at the University Ptess, Oxfords
VOCABULARIES
ARABIC, PERSIAN, TURKISH, ARMENIAN,
KURDISH, SYRIAC
493774
• • •! •
Note on Pronunciation
Consonants.
' = a slight stop, as in the middle of the compound
word sea-eagle
* = a sound formed deep in the throat to be learnt by
oral example
dh like tJi in this
gh a guttural r
h a strong aspirate
kh like ch in loch
q a guttural, or emphatic, 7c
r to be distinctly trilled
s emphatic s
t emphatic t
th as in thing
ch as in chat
z emphatic ^
zh like the s in pleasure
Other consonants pronounced as in English.
Vowels.
a pronounced
as a in about
as in far
e
as in get
e (Turkish)
as e in father
e (Turkish)
as in met
e (Syriac)
as a in gate
e (Arabic)
as ey in obey
as in hit
as ee in seen
o
as in ^oi
o (Arabic)
as in hope
NOTES ON PKONUl^CJLATION 297
o pronounced as u in fun
u as in pull
u as 00 in pool
u as w in Frencli tu
Biphthomfs.
ai pronounced as i in mind
au (aw) as ou in out
oi as oi in oii
298
GLdSSABIES OF WORDS
'EhgUsh.
able, to be
I can
AfaUnc: Persian. Turkish,
qadar, yaqdir tawanistan bilmek
aqdir
mi-tawanam bilirim, qadir
about (ap- nahu (of num- taqriban, ashaghi-yuqari
proximately) bers), taqriban kam-wa-pish
about (around) hawl piraman-e etrafinda.
etrafda
(concerning) min jehet dar khusus-e da'ir
above
foq
bar bala-yi,
bala-yi
yuqari-da
abroad
borra (barra)
dar khari
disliari-da
abuse {v.)
haqqar,
f uhsh dadan.
siiymek
yuhaqqir
deh or la'n
kardan, kun
accept
qabal, yaqbal
qabul kerdan
qabiil etmek
accident
muslbah
ittifaq, ariza
(event) ; asib
(calamity)
tesaduf, qaza
accidentally
bi-ta§aduf
sahvan
qaza-ra, qaza
olaraq
i,refaqat etmek.
accompany,
rafaq, yurafiq
urafiq
hamrah raftar
I accompany
hamrah mi-
beraber geli-
ravam
orim
according to
hasab
ber hasb-e
gore
account (n.)
hisab
hisab
hisab
on account
min sebeb
baraye, kha-
-den dolayi
of
tir-e
accurate (of
mudaqqaq
sahih, bi-sa-
tam, doghiu
calculation)
bab-e (calcu-
lation)
across
'abr
an taraf
-den (of mo-
tion) ; ote
tarafda (of
rest)
action (in war
)*arkali
Jang
ghavgha, mu-
harebe
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
2WI
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish. Syriac.
able, to be
I can
garogh,
garoghanal
garogh yem
karin l-m§aya
az dkarim, az Ibi, msin
shem
about (ap- shourch, mod nezik taqriban
proximately)
about (around) shourch, polor- charrakh {de- erzibani
dig din.), ledaor
(concerning) ngadmamp, vra bamaslahati..., but
b'ishe...
above
verev, i ver
sar, lasar
l-'el
abroad
abuse {v.)
ardasahman
thshnamanel,
nakhadel
walate gharib
lauma kir
l-athra khenna
m§u*ere
accept
accident
untounil
argadz
gabul kirin
'ariz,
musibah
mqabJl
gidsha
accidentally
badahmamp
bakhalat
b-ghelta
accompany,
I accompany
ungeranal,
Y yes g'unger-
gal choin
aze gaiwi
izala *emm
bzali 'emm
anam dchem
according to hamemad, ust bi-mujib, hash, akh
binu
account (n.) hashiv, hamar hsaib, zhmar- khishbiina
tin, hezhmar
ust hashvin sababe, lebar, but khatir d-
or hashvoyn
jisht dirist, mazbiit khatirjam
on account
of
accurate (of
calculation)
across meg-tien-miuse'ubur, lave logiba
(lit. ' from one t-araf e
side to the
other')
action (in war) baderazmil, sharr, jang plasha
baderazmagan
kordzoghou-
tiun
300;
QLOSS'ARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Administra-
idarah
idara
idare, hukumet
tion
admiral
amir el-bahr
darya-begi,
amiral. qapu-.
amir-i-bahr
dan pasha
Admiralty
Nadharat el-
wazarat-i-
Bahriye qa-
bahriyah
bahriyeh
pusu
adrift
tayif
rii-yi-ab
suyun aqin-
tisi-ile
advance (of
' arabun
pish-qist,pish
- peshin, testi-
money)
aki, or salaf
mat
advanced
muqaddamat
el- askar
muqaddame-
pishdar
guard
yi-lashkar
aeroplane
taiyarah {pi.
taiyarat)
taiyareh
taiyare
afloat
tayif
bala-yi-ab
yuziyor
aft
mu'akhkhar
es-safinah
qich
after
ba'd
ba'd az
-sorira {suffix)
afternoon
ba'd edh-dhuhr ba*d-az-zuhr
ikindi
again
marrah thani-
du bar a
bir daha, tekrar
age (of persons)' amr
sinn
yash
agent
wakll
amil
vekil
ahead of
guddam
pish, jilau
ileri-da, iin-da
alive
liai (p^wr.ahya
) zindeh
sagh, hayatda
all
kull
hameh, jami'
hep
allowed, to be
jaz, yajiiz
rukh?at yaftan, braqilmaq
yab
ally
halif {pi hu-
muttahid,
muttafiq
lafa)
muhalif
almost
taqriban
taqriban
az qaldi; he-
man-heman
alone
wahdi, wahdek
&c.
bi-janib (by
, tanha
yaliniz
alongside
pahlii
yanina, ya-
side of), ilaja-
ninda, borda
nib (to side of;
)
bordaya
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
301
English.
Administra-
tion
admiral
Admiralty
adrift
advance (of
money)
advanced
guard
aeroplane
afloat
aft
after
afternoon
again
Armenian.
varchoutiim
dzovagal
Kurdish.
siasa, idara
Syriac.
hiiqraa
sare bahre resha d-yama
Dzovayin na-
khararoutiun
herratsial, sar ave choin teple resh maya
alevar
gankhav-tram- garz kirin, qa khishbuna
dal bdain da
arrachakount peshe 'askare qamaydtha
d-'askar
otabarig taiyara
sar ave
aledzoup,
dzpoun
hedguys navi pe gamiya
taiyarah
resh maya
hedo pashe
hedinq, irig- pashe nivro
natem
noren
kharaya
d-gamiya
bathar
bathar palga
d-yauma
jarak di; disa midre
age (of persons)dariq
agent kordzagal
ahead arrcheven
alive gentani, vo-
ghch
all amen, polor
allowed, to be tuyladrvil
ally
almost
alone
alongside
tashnagits,
zinagits
krete
minag
unt yergay-
noutiamp
umr, smn
wakil
peshin
sakha
hamma
izin haya
haval
taqriban
btene
nezike
shine
vakil
qamaya
be-khaye
kull
kbare
khaura
taqriban
be-1-hodhe
b-qorba
:m
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian
Turkish.
already
qad {followed
qabl az in
shimdi bile,
by verb)
zatan
although
wa law, ma'a
ann
suwa (in a
agarcheh
eyerche
altogether
tamaman, bi-
bitiin bitiin
body)
jumlagi
always
da'iman,kullish hamisheh
da'ima, her
(entirely), kull
zeman
waqt
ambush {n.)
kamin
kamin
pusu, kemin
ammunition
dhakhirah
zakhire-yi-
jebhan^
ammunition-
*arabat edh-
jang
*arabe-yi-
jebhane-'ara-
wagon
dhakhirah
jubbekhaneh
basi
amuse
wennes, yu-
safa dadan, or
eilendirmek
wennis
khush kardan {trans.)
anchor (n.)
angar, marsa
langar
demir
anchor {v.)
debb angar,
langarandakh
- demir atmaq
{intrans.)
yadibb angar
tan
and
wa
u or wa
ve
angry
za'lan, ghadh-
ban
khishmnak
darghin
animal
haiwan
haivan {pro-
perly haya-
van)
haivan
ankle
ka*b {dual
ka'ben)
quzaq
topuq
answer (v.)
jawab, yujawib jawab dadan.
jevab vermek
deh
anvil
sindan
sindan
urs
anybody
ahad
har kas
(bir) kimse
anywhere
fi ai makan,
wenma
har ja bashad
her nerede
apple
tuffahah {pi.
tuffah)
sib
el ma
appoint
'ayyan,
ta*yin kardan.
ta'yin etmek
yu'ayyin
kun
approach {v.)
taqarrab ila,
nazdikama-
yanashmaq
yataqarrab
dan, ai
ila
apricot
mishmish
zardalu
qaisi
English.
already
Armenian.
arten
Kurdish.
Syriac.
although
theyev, thebed
walau
shud, apen
altogether
always
yev
miasin, unta-
menn
mishd
bhammi
har waqt
b-tamamutha
daim
ambush (n.)
ammunition
tarnamoud
rrazmamterq
kamin
jaubakhana
bu§a
jaubakhana
ammunition-
wagon
amuse
anchor [n.)
anchor (v.)
{intrans.)
and
angry
rrazm^mterqi
garrq
zpostsnel
khariskh
khariskh tzkel
yev
pargatsadz
saf a kirin, khu
ash buyi
marsa, langar
langar avitin
wa
sil
I- magkhik
marsa
dare langar
wa, u
bmisa, kriba
animal
gentani
Ijaiwan,
dahba
hewan
ankle
hot (vodits)
qulpai
ka'ba
answer {v.)
badaskhanel
jawab da
mjuweble
anvil
anybody
anywhere
sal
vo-yeve-megu
our yev itse
sindan
harkas
har 'arde
sindana
kill nasha
kuU duka
apple
khntzor
sev
khabSsha
appoint
nshanagel
ta*yin kerya
matiw
approach
modenal
nezik hat
qrule
apricot
dziran
mizhmizh
mishmisha
304
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish,
April Nisan Nisan Nisan
Arab 'Arabi {pL 'ArabI, Tazi 'Arab
'Arab)
Arabia Bilad el-' Arab 'Arabistan 'Arabistan
arm (w.) kitf , dhra' bazu (upper) ; qol
sa'id (lower)
armed musallah musallah silahli •
armour dira' zireh zir^
arms(weapons) aslihah asliheh silah
jesh {pi. ]u- lasbkar ordu, 'asker
yush)
firqah {pi. urdu qol ordu
firaq)
hawL atraf-e etrafda
army
army corps
around
arrange
retteb, yuret- tartib dadan, qararlashdir-
tib deb or ara- maq, tertib
Stan, ara etmek
arrest {v.) qabadh 'ala ; tauqif kardan, tutmaq, habs
arrive
arsenal
artillery
ashes
ashore
ask
I ask
waggaf, yu- kun
waggif
wasal, yosal rasidan, ras
tereskhanah qur-khana
madafi' (can- tup-khaneh
non), tobchia
(gunners)
thou askest
he asks
we ask
ramad
'ala'1-barr,
bil-ga'
se'el, yes'al
ana es'al
inta tes'al
hua yes'al
ihna nes'al
khakistar
bar zamin
etmek
varmaq, gel-
mek
topkhane,
tersane
toplar
kul
qaraya, qarada
pursidan,purs sormaq
mi-pursam sorarim
mi-pursi
mi-pursad
mi-pursim
sorarsin
sorar
sorariz
you ask
intu tes'alun mi-pursid sorarsiniz
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
305
English.
April
Arab
Armenian.
April
Arab
Kurdish.
Nisan
'Arab
Syriac.
Nisan
'Arabaya
Arabia
arm (n.)
Arabia
tev
'Arabistan
bask
'Arabistan
dra'a
armed
armour
arms
army
zinvadz
zrah
zenq
zorq
bchak
zir
chak
'askar
b-chakke
dir'
chakke
'askar
army corps
zorakound
ordu
ordu
around
arrange
polordig
garkatrel
charrakh {de-
clin.), ledaor
paikat keri
erzibani
mtukesle
arrest {v.)
pantargel
guert
erele, dawiq
arrive
hasnel
gahesht
mtele
arsenal
artillery
zinaran, tnta-
notaran
thntanotq
jabakhana
top-khana
jabakhana
top
ashes
ashore
ajiun, mokhir
i tsamaq
kholli
sar 'ard
qetma
resh ar'a
ask
I ask
thou askest
he asks
we ask
you ask
hartsnel, pesiar ker mbuqere
yes pesiar kerim mbaqren
g'hartsnem
tou g'hartsnes ta pesiar keri mbaqret
an g'hartsne au pesiar ker kimbaqer
menq g'harts- ma pesiar mbaqrokh
nenq kerin
touq hun pesiar mbaqrutu
g'hartsneq kerin
306
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
they ask
I shall ask
I asked
asleep
ass
astern
at
at least
at most
at once
attack {n.)
attack {v.)
August
Austria
Austrian
authority
Arabic. Persian.
hum yes'alun mi-pursand
khaham
pursid
pursidam
khab
Turkish.
sorarlar
sorajaghm
sordum
uyumush, uy-
quda
khar, ulagh eshek, merkeb
'aqab, dar pai arqasina, ar-
dinda
nazd, dar -a, -da {suffix)
ana es'al
se'elt
nayim
hamar {fl.
hamir)
li-wara
'ala, bi, fi
aqallan
el-akther, el-
aghlab
hessa,
bis-sa'ah
hujum hujum hujum
hejem 'ala, liujiim kardan, hujum etmek
_yihjam'ala kun
Ab Ab, Murdad Aghostos
Nimsa Namseh Nemse
Nimsawi Namsawi Avstriali, Nem-
seli
hukm iqtidar hukm
olmazsa
en nihayet,
olsa olsa
hala, fauran birden bire
aqallan
muntahash
autumn kharif khizan son bahar
avenge intaqam, yan- intiqam kashi- intiqam etmek
taqim or dan, kash
akhadh eth-
thar, ya'kh-
udh eth-thar
average [n.) mu*addal bar-avard-e
mutavassit
aviator t^yyar hava-paima
awake {adj.) yaqdhan, bidar
ga'id, hasis
axe fa's {fl. fu'us) tabar
orta, avarya
tayareji
uyaniq
balta
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
307
English.
they ask
I shall ask
I asked
asleep
ass
astern
at
at least
at most
at on'ce^
attack {n.)
attack [v.)
August
Austria
Austrian
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
anonqg'harts- awan pesiar kimbaqri
nen kerin
yes bidi harts- aze pesiar kim bedmbaqren
nem
yes hartsri ma pesiar ker mbuqeri
qouni mecli, khafti dmikha
qnatsogh
esh, avanag kar hmara
i hedoust navi, la pashe b-kharayiitha
navi yedeven
{notinusesepa- e{as termina- bi-
rately) ' Hon)
keth, arr nvazn bkemahie b-qalilutha
arr arravel bgalakiye b-kabirutha
isguyn
hartzagoumn
hartsagil
Okostos
Avstria
Avstriatsi
bgalakiye
halan
palamard
hujumker
Tabbakh
Namsa
Namsi
halan, alba'al
hujum
hjimle
Tabbakh
Namsa
Namsaya
authority ishkhanoutiun, paya, jah, maruta, huqma
arzhanabad- qadr
voutiun
autumn Ashoun pahiz cherl
avenge tol §tandin shqille tol
average (n.)
aviator
awake (adj.)
michin
Trchogh
C flier')
artoun
takhmin,
rib
taiyarchi,
ferranchi
hishshar
taq-
L
qudra
nashaparukha,
taiyarchi
mrisha
axe
gatsin
taver
U 2
nara
308
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
axle
mihwar
mihwar
mil
backwards
ila wara
taraf-e aqab,
or rii bi-pas
geri
bacon
lahm khanzir
giisht-e khuk
domuz eti
(pork), giisht-
e-khuk-e dud
dada, giisht-€
khiik-e bi-
namak par-
vorda
bad
mu zen, kha-
rab, radi
bad
fena
baggage
agbradh, gradh asbab-i-safar
eshya
bake
khabaz, yakh-
pukhtan, paz
f urunda pishir-
biz
or biry an kar-
mek
•
dan, kun
bale {n.)
fardah {pi.
fardat) .
basteh, bar
balya ^
ballast
thuql mal el-
markab
parsang
safra, kum
bandage {n.)
rabat
'isabeh
sarghi
bank (of river
) jurf, sob
kinareh
sii kenari,
irmaq kenari
bar (sand)
shelhah
pushta-ye iig
dar dahiana-
ye rudkhana
sighliq
barber
muzeyyin
dallak
berber
barley-
sha'ir
jau
arpa
barometer
mizan hawa
mizan-i-hawa
hava-terazisi,
barometro
barracks
qishlah
qishleh, sar-
baz-khaneh
qishla
barrel (of a
umbub
lule-yi-tufang
tuf eng demiri
gun)
barricade
mahajar
sangar
metris
basket
sellah {pi. sa-
lal), zembil
{pi. zanabll)
sapad, zambil
seped, zenbil
baths
hammam
hammam
hamraam
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
309
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
axle
backwards
bacon
arrantsq
tebi-yed
khozi aboukht
mihvar
pishpashi,
pishtapisht
goshte-baraz
qara
1-baru
bisra mlikha
d-khzura
bad kesh, vad pis, nachak bisha, la
, randa
baggage ireghen, kuyq tisht, kerpal kherrumerre
bake khorovel pezhin ipele
bale (i^.)
ballast
balia, apranqi
berm
navakhij
bar
tena, farda
bandage {n.) patet, gab,
patatan
bank (of river) kedap
bar (sand)
barber
barley
barometer
barracks
barrel (of a
gun)
barricade
basket
tzogh, arkelq
(' sand ' =
avaz)
saprich
kari
dzanrachap,
otatsuyts
zoranots
parse gamiye saburta
d-markwa
pechik ribata
terefe ave siptha d-yama.
siptha
de-shatta
khiz- barzakji qiimsal
barbar, muzai- dalag
yin, sartirash
jah §are
qishla
klan (hratsani) lulae tufaka
qishla
Iwishta de
tfakta
badnesh chapar chapara
goghov sela, sebed qartala
baths
baghniq
hammam j^ammam
310
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
battalion
tabur
tabur
tabur
battery
batariyah
batariyeh
tabiye (for-
tress) ; batari-
ya (movable)
battle
muharabah
Jang
muharebe
battleship
markab liarbi,
jabaz- {or
harb sefinesi
«
manwar
kashti) i-jang
i
bay
khallj
khallj
korfez
bayonet
sengi, harbah
sar-naizeh
siingii
beacb
sahil
sahil, kinareh
yali kenari,
deniz kenari
beacon
fanar, manarah nishan-i-atashi fanar ♦
beans
ful
lubiya, baqila
baqla, fas-
suya
bear {n.)
dibb
khiis
ayi^
beard
lihyah
rish
saqal
bearer(porter)
hammal
qasid, hamil
hammal
bearing {nmit.) jihab
jihet
beat {v.)
dharab, yadh-
kutak zadan,
vurmaq
rib
zan
beautiful
hulu, jamil
khushnuma,
khub
giizel
because
miu sebeb,
li-ana
zira, chira ki
zira, chiinki
bed
firash
takht-i-khab
yataq
bedroom
gubbat en-nom utaq-i-khab
yataq odasi
bedstead
charpayah
takht-e khab
kerevet
bee
zambur
zambur-e asal
ari
beef
lahm baqar
gusht-i-gau
okiiz eti,
sighir eti
beer
birah
ab-i-jau
arpa suyu, bira
beet
shawandar
chughundar
panjar
before (time)
gabl
qabl az
-dan evvel
(sujfflx)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
311
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
battalion
vasht
tabiir
tabur
battery
bataria, sharq
thntanotits
desta d-top
battle
baderazm
sharr
sharre
battleship
rrazmanav,
gamiye sharre
markwa
mardanav
d -sharre
bay
khorsh, dzots
khalij
khalij
bayonet
svin
khistah
harbah, khishta
beach
dzovap
teraf e shatte
siptha d-shatta
beacon
hranshan,
gragi nshan
nishane agire
nishan d-niira
beans
fasoulia, lobi
baqille
lobia, baqille
bear {n.)
arrch,
herch, khurs
dibba
beard
morouq
rih
diqna
bearer(porter)
grogh, danogh
hamil, helgir-
- lablaua, hamal
(mshag)
an, birinan
bearing
goghm, tirq,
untatsq navi
beat {v.)
zarnel, dzedzel
leda
mkhele
beautiful
siroun,
keghetsig
sherin, dalal
randa, shapira
because
vorovhedev
lebar, bo
min sabab
bed
angoghin
nivin, doshak
shwitha
bedroom
nnjaran,
manzalene vis-
■ oda di-dmakha
nnjaseniag
tine
bedstead
mahdjagal,
takht
qaiawat
angoghin, ma
-
hidjk; kary-
ola (Turkish)
bee
meghou
heng, maisha
hingiv
- dabasha
beef
yezan mis
goshte gah
bisra d-taura
beer
karechour
bira
beet
pazoug
shawandar
shawandare
before (time)
arrach
peshin
qam
312
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
before (place)
guddam
qabl az
oniinde {suffix)
begin
ibteda, yeb-
aghaz kardan,
bashlaraaq
tedi
kun or shuru'
kardan, kun
behind
wara
pusht, pai
ard, arqa
believe
i'taqad,
bavar kardan,
inanmaq
ya'taqid
kun
bell
jurs {pi.
zang
chang (large),
jurus)
■
chingharaq
(small)
below
3 6a, taht
zir
alt, altinda
bench (sofa)
takhat
nimkat
sedir
bend (v.)
'awwaj, yu'aw
- kham kardan.
eyrimek
wij
kun
/
berth
firash
ja-yi-khab
yataq
beside
yem, bi-janib
pahlii-ye
yaninda
besiege
hasar, yuhasir
muhasareh
muhasere et-
kardan,
mek, qushat-
kun
maq
betray-
khan, yakhiin
khiyanat
kardan, kun
kheydnetetmek
better; best
ahsan; el-ahisan behtar ;
daha eyi ; "^en
behtarin
eyi, en a'la
between
ben
ma bain, dar
miyan
ara-sinda
beyond
ghadi
antaraf-i.-...,
wara-yi...
iite-sinda
big
kabir(i)Lkibar
) buzurg
biiyiik
bigger ; biggest akbar; el-akbar buzurgtar ;
daha biiyiik ;
buzurgtarin
en biiyiik
bill (account)
hisab
hisab
hisab
billet {trans.)
nezzel 'askar
ja dadan, deh
oturtmaq
binoculars
darbin
dur-bin
durbin
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
313
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
before (place) arracli, arrchev labar qam
begin usgsel dastpekir mdushinne,
msbare
behind edev pasli, lapisht bkharayutha
believe havadal bawar kir mhiimenne
bell
zankag
cliang, jinjil zJga
below
tsadz, nerqev bin
iltekh, kbo-
tbed
bench (sofa) nsdaran kursi direzh, takhta
paka
bend (v.) theqel, dzrrel chamin tiple
berth
beside
nav-angoghin
patsi, izad
nezik
qamarah
1-giba d-
besiege
basharel
hasar kir
nihusere
betray
madnel
kheyanat kir
khinne, msapi
better ; best
aveli lav,
cheter khwash- bish tau, or
lavokuyn,
amenalav
tir, qanjtir,
chaktir
bush spayi
between
michev
ben, nav
ben, bil
beyond
antin
idi teraf
lau bala khenna
big
medz
mazin
raba
bigger ; biggest aveli medz,
mazintir, galak bish raba ; ka-
medzakuyn,
amenamedz
mazin
bira raba
bill (account)
hashiv
bisab, zhmar-
- hisab, khish-
tin
buna
billet (trans.)
deghavorel
binoculars
herratitag {lit.
telescope) ;
yergachia
achotsq (lit.
two-eyed
dorbin
durbin
314
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian,
Turkish.
bird
ter {pi. tuyur)
murgh
qiish
bit (of horse)
lijam
dahaneh, lijam gem
bit (piece)
waslah
pareh
parcha
bitter
murr
talkh
aji
bitumen
gir
naft
qara saqiz, yer
sakizi
black
aswad
siyJlh
qara, siyuh
blacksmith
haddad
ahangar
demirji, na'al-
band
blame (v.)
lam, yalum
malamat
qabahat bul-
kardan, kun
maq, zemm
etmek
blanket
lihaf
lihaf, gilim
yorghan (quilt)
bleed {inirans.
) tala' dem,
khiin jari
qanamaq
yitla' dem
shudan,
shau
blind
a*ma {fl.
*amyan)
kiir
kor
blockade (w.)
hisar
muhasareh
abloqa,
qushatma
blood
dem
khun
qan
blow (v.)
habb, yahibb
nafkh kardan,
kun or dami-
esmek
dan, dam
blow (n.)
dharbah
zarb, zakhm
wurush
blue
azraq
abi, lajiward
mavi
blunt
a'ma (blind)
kund
kor
boat
bellam (like
zauraq, kashti sandal, qayiq
gondola) ; ma
-
shuf (reed
canoe)
body (living)
jised {pi. aj-
sad)
tan
beden, vujud
body (mass of
jama' ah
jam'iyat
jem'iyet
people)
boil {trans.)
aghla, yughli
jiish dadan,
qainatmaq
or fawwar, yu-
• deh
fawwir
boil (intrans.)
ghala, yaghli
or far, yafur
jiishidan, jush
qamamaq
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
315
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
bird trrchoun t^irek, baldar taira
bit (of horse) santz lijam, hafsar legbema
bit (piece) badarr, pegor pechak, parcha parclia
bitter tarrn, leghi tahl, tal marira
bitumen goubr zift, qir khimar
black sev rash koma
blacksmith tarpin, yer- asengar, hadad haddada,
gatakordz damurchi
blame {v.) barsavel razil kir mruzelle la'im
blanket vermag
bleed (intrans.) ariunel
lahef, jajim khlepa
khun da mujrele dimma
blind guyr
blockade (n.) basharoumn
blood
blow (v.)
armn
harvadzel,
zarnel
kor
hisar
khun
werzln
blow (n.) harvadz, zarg sil
blue gabuyd shin, kau
blunt koulj pout kop
boat navag gami, belem
simya, kora
muhasarah
dimma
mkhele paukha
milana, zarqa
kopa
gamiyah
bodv
marmin
lash
jama' at
kalandi
body (mass of khoump.
people) zhoghov
boil {trans.) yerratsnel
(water) ;
khashel (egg)
boil {intrans.) yerral kul bi
paghra
jama' at
murthekhle
rthekhle
316
GLOSSARIES OF WORD^
»
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
boiled rice
timmen mat-
chilau
pishmish pirinj ,
bukh
pilaf
boiler
fawwarah, ka-
van
dig-i-buzurg
qazan
bomb (n.)
qanbalah
bomb, qum-
bara
qumbara
bombard
dharab top,
bi-tup bastan
topa tutmaq
yadrab t5p
bond (legal)
sened
qabz, tamas-
suk
tahvil
bone
'adhm {pL
a'dham)
ustukhan
kemik
book
kitab {pi. ku-
tub)
kitab, nameh
kitab
boot
lapjinah {pi.
kafsh
chizme, qun-
lapjin) ; jaz-
dura (shoe) ;
mah (native)
pabuj (slipper)
boot-lace
sharit (el-qan-
kafsh-band
qundura
darah)
qordelasi
both (you)
ithnenekum
har-du
ikiniz
bottle
shishah {pi.
shiyash)
shisheh
shishe
bottom
esfel, qa'r
teh
dib
bow (of ship)
sadr el-markab muqaddame-
geminin bashi
yi-kashti
bowels
ma^arin
rudeh
baghirsaq
box
sanduq {pi.
sanadiq)
sandiiq
sanduq, qutu
boy
walad {pi. aw-
lad)
pisar
oghlan, chojuq
brackish
malili
shiir
tuzlu
bran
nakhalah
sabiis
kepek
brave
shajja', jasur
shuja*, dilawar yigit, jesur
brazier
manqalah
manghal
manghal
bread
khubz
nan
ekmek
breadth
'ardh
pahnayi
enlilik
break
kesar, yiksar
shikastan.
qirmaq
-
shikan
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
317
English.
boiled rice
boiler
bomb {n.)
bombard
bond (legal)
bone
book
boot
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
khasbadz pirinjekalandi,rizza mbushla
printz, plaf pilau
san, gatsa qazan destitha
rroump,kndag qiimbara qumbara
rrmpagodzel la-top dadin dari top
mourhag, ar- band/alaqa iltlzam
zhetought
vosgor hasti, isqan garma
kirq ktaib, daftar kthawa
goshig jazma, kaosh potine, jazma
boot-lace
both (you)
bottle
bottom
bow (of sbip)
bowels
box
boy
brackish
bran
brave
brazier
bread
breadth
break
goshigi thel
yergouqt al
shish
liadag
arrachagoghm
navi
aghiq
doup, sndoug
manch
aghi
tep
qaj, gdrij
gragaran
hats
laynoutiun
godrel
rise kundarah
har-duan, har-
duka
shush
bin
peshine
gamiye
millak, rikhlu
sanduq
kurr
nakhwash
savis, sar-bez-
hing
dildar, juwa-
mer
manqal, pall
nan
pani, pahnT
shikast, shi-
kian
gdhadha
d-qundare
terwe
shusha
shitta
qamayiitha
d-markwa
millake
sandiiqa
brona, yala
maliikha
mar jiir'itta
manqal, giimre
likhma
petiiitha
twere
318
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
breakfast futur, chai es- chai-i-§ubh , qahvalti
subh
breech (of gun) madhkhar et- teh top quyrughu,
tufkeh top qichi
breeze hawa nasim, bad riizgyar, yel
bribe {n.) rashwah, rishva rishvet, bakh-
bakhshlsh shish
brick (burnt) tabuqah ajur tula
brick (un-
burnt)
bridge
bridge (of
ship)
liben
jisr {-pi. jusur)
jisr el-markab
khisht
jisr, pul
pul-i-jahiiz
kerpich
koprii
bridle (v.)
brigade
aljam, yuljim
liwa
lijam kardan
kun
fauj
, gemvurmaq
liwa
bright
bring
broad
broadside
lami', mudhi
jab, yajib
'aridh
'urdh
raushan
avurdan, ar
pahn, *ariz
shallik
parlaq
getirmek
genish
alabanda
broken
broker
brother
mukassar,
munkasir
dallal
akh {fl. ikh-
shikasteh
dallal
biradar
qiriq
dellal
qardash
brown
brush (n,)
wan)
esmar
furshah
gandumi
furcheh
qahve rengi,
esmer
furcha
bucket
buffalo
bug
baldl
jamus
baqq
satl, dul
gavmish
sas, malleh
qogha
manda, jamus
takhta-bit
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
319
English.
Armenian,
Kurdish.
Syriac.
breakfast
nakhajash
taisht, iitrah
ftarta, tunita
breech (of gun) hednadzag
jihe phishaka
diiktha
hratsani,
d-fishakke
pampouslit
tnelou dzag
breeze
zepiurr
ba
pokha
bribe {n.)
gasharq
balsa, rushwa
rishwat
brick (burnt)
aghius
(thrtzadz)
gghmindr
karpich
lune kerpich
brick (un-
aghius (houm)
karpichj hajiii
: lune
burnt)
bridge
gamourch
kiipri, jisr
gishra
bridge (of
nava-
jisre gamiye
gishra d-mar-
ship)
gamourch,
gamrchag
kwa
bridle {v.)
santzel
disgin, iaghau
leghema
brigade
kound, zora-
kound
firqah
firqah
bright
zvarth
ruhna, ruzhin
mabehrana
bring
perel
man
muthele
broad
layn
pan, pehn
pethya
broadside
goghm navi
ousti thnta-
notq g'ar-
tsagvin
paniye
broken
godradz
shekast
twira
broker
michnort
jambaz, jumaz dalal
brother
yeghpayr,
aghpar
bra
akhona
brown
thoukh
rengitari,
esmar
asmar
brush {n.)
khozanag,
frcha, vrdzin
furchah
furchah
bucket
duyl, chri tuyl dol, satlok
daula
builalo
komesh
garnish
gamesha
bug
paytochil
ishpish
baqa
320
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
bugle
buri
shaifur
boru
build
bena, yibni
bina kardan,
yapmaq, bina
kunor'amarat 6tmek,
kardan, kun
qurmaq
bull
thor {fl.
thiran)
nar gau
bogha -
bullet
rasasah {fl.
rasas)
gululeh
qurshun
bullock
thor mukhsi
nar-gau
iikiiz
buoy
shamandarah
langar-gir
shamandra
Bureau-de-
Dukkan es-sar-
Dukkan-i-
Sarraf
Change
raf
sarraf
dukyani
burn {trans.)
ahraq, yuhriq
sukhtan, suz
yaqmaq
burn {intrans.)
1 ishta'al, yash-
ta'il ; ihtaraq
yahtariq
sukhtan, suz
5
yanmaq
bury
defen, yidfun
daf n kardan,
gomek, defn
kun
etmek
bush
'uleq, 'agul
bisheh
chali
busy
mashghul
mashghul
meshghul
but
lakin
lakin
amma, lakin,
faqab
butt (of rifle)
qandagh, cha'b qundaq, talire
! qondaq
qundaq
butter
zibed
kareh
sai-yaghi,
tere yaghi
button {n.)
dugmah {fl.
dugam)
dukmeh
duyme
buy
ishtara, yash-
kharidan,
satin almaq
tari
khar
by (near)
qarib min, ' and nazdik, pahlui yanifida,
yaqmda
cabin
qamarah
qamareh
qamara
cable
silk {fl. suluk) tanaf, habl
qablo, khalat,
zinjir (chain)
cake
kek
kulicheh
chorek, qora-
biye
calf
*ijl {fl. 'ujul)
gu saleh
dana
call (summon]
I da' a, yad'u
sada kardan,
kun
chaghirmaq
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
32 1
English,
bugle
build
Armenian.
shepor
shinel,
garroutsand
Kurdish.
buri
chai kir
Syriac.
buri, boqa
bnele
bull
tsoul, yez
gah, ganair
taura
bullet
kndag
gulla
gunbulta, gulla
bullock
buoy
Bureau-de-
Change
burn (trans.)
burn (intrans.
yerinch
kharskhanish
Loumayapokh,
saraf
ayrel
) ayril
gahe khasi
, §arraf
shawetandi
shaweti, suti
taura khisya
§arrafa
muqidhle
iqedhle
bury
thaghel
washartin
qwere
bush
busy
but
matsarr
uspaghvadz
payts
darek, belek
bshiila
amma
sia'a
bliga
ilia, ma
butt (of rifle)
hratsanapoun
qundakh
'iqwa d-topang
butter
garak
riin, kara
kara
button (n.)
gojag
diigma, pulak
diigma
buy
knel
kirri
zwinne
by (near)
mod, gov
nezik
b-qurba
cabin
cable
cake
navaseniag
herrakratel,
baran
katha
qamarah qamarah
waris, zenjir khaula
kada, kulaicha kullaiche
calf
call (summon
horth
) ganchel
yolik, junagah sharkha
Awastin qrele
322
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
call (cry out)
sah, ya§ih
faryad kardan, baghirmaq
kun
calm (n.)
hudu
aram
limanliq
calm (no wind) sawali
aram
limanliq
calm {adj.)
hadi
aram
limanliq
camel
jemel
shutur
deve
camel-driver
jammal
shutur-ban
deveji
camel (riding]
1 hajln, dhelul
shutur-i-sawaribinejek deve
camp (n.)
mu'askar,
mukhaiyam
lashkargah
chadir yeri
can —
I can
ana aqdir
mi-tawanam
bilirim
thou canst
inta taqdir
mi-tawam
•bilirsin
he can
hiia yaqdir
mi-tawanad
bilir
we can
ihna naqdir
mi-tawamm
biliriz
you can
intu taqdiriin
mi-tawanid
bilirsiniz
they can
hum yaqdirun mi-tawanand
bilirler
I cannot
ma aqdir
nami-ta-
wanam
qadir deyil i
can you ?
hal taqdiriin
mi-tawanid ?
bilir
misiniz ?
canst thou ?
hal taqdir
mi-tawani ?
bilir misin ?
canal
tur'ah, nahr
ju, nahr
qanal
candle
shema* {pi.
shumu')
shama'
mum
cannon {n.)
top {pi. atwaf),
medfa' {pi.
madafi')
tiip
top
cannon-ball
gullah {pL
gulel)
guliila-ye tup
obuz
canopy
dhalal
sayaban
sayeban
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
323
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriuc.
call (cry out)
korral, kochel
dang kir
m'uyitle
calm [n.)
meghmoutiun
huduw, bedan-
gahi
nikhutha
calm (no wind)
1 khaghagh,
rahat, be-ba,
shelya
hantard
sukiin
calm [adj.)
meghm
hadi, bedang
TiTkha
camel
oughd
heshter
gumla
camel-driver
oughdaban
heshtervan
jammal
camel (riding)
nsdelou oughd
heshterswar
rkule 1-gumla
camp (n.)
panag, zora-
panag
urdi
ma'askar
can —
garogh
,
I can
yes garogh
az tshem,
ibi, masin
yem
karim
{or msin)
thou canst
ton garogh
yes
tu tshe, kari
ibokh, maset
he can
an garogh e
au tsbet,
tkaret
ibe, masi
we can
menq garogh
am tshen.
iban, masakh
yenq
tkarin
you can
touq garogh
hun tshen,
ibaukhu,
eq
tkarin
masitun
they can
anonq garogh
wan tshen,
ibai, masi
yen
tkarin
I cannot
yes ch'em
az nashshim, laibf, le ma§in
garogh
. nekarim
can you ?
garogh eq
hun tshen ?
gallo ibaukhu,
artiog ?
tkarin ?
masitun
canst thou ?
ch'es garogh
tu tshe ?
gallo ibokh,
artioq ?
tkari ?
maset
canal
chrantsq
kanal
nehra
candle
mom, jrak
mum, shemal
sham'ah
cannon {n,)
thntanot
top
top giira
cannon-ball
kntag
guUae-top
gula d-top
canopy
ambhovani
sewan, nam-
makasta
usiya
x2
324
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
canter {v.)
canvas
cap
capable
cape (promon-
tory)
capstan
captain (of
ship)
(of native
craft)
captain
(military)
captive
capture (men)
capture
(place)
capture (seize,
V,)
caravan
care (you take
care !)
careful
cargo
carpenter
carpet
carry
cart
Arabic.
hadhab. yab-
dhib
jimfas
tarbush ; kap
(European)
muqtedir
ra's
dulab el-habl
qabtan or ra'is
el-markab
nokhadlia
yiizbasbi
asir {pi. usara)
esser, yu'essir
qabadh 'ala,
yaqbidh 'ala
mesek, yimsak
karwan
dir balak
mutaqayyid
himl
najjar
ziilia, bisat
hamal, yahmil
or shal, yashil
'arabah
Persian. Turkish.
yurgheh raft an, rah van gitmek
rau
kirbas
kulah
qabil
ra's .
charkh-i-
langar
na-khuda,
ra'is
yelken bezi,
yelken
f es, kasket ;
shapqa (Euro-
pean)
qadir, muk-
tedir
burun
bojprghat,
iirgat
re'is, gemi
suwarisi,
qapudan
yuzbashi yuzbashi
asir esir
asir giriftan, esiralmaq
gir
giriftan, gir feth etmek
giriftan
karawan,
qafileh
multafit bash,
or hazar kun
ba-hazar
haml
najjar
qali, farsh
haml kardan,
kun or naql
kardan, kun
arabeh
tutmaq
kyarvan
diqqat et, saqin
diqqatli, gyuzu
achiq
hamule, yiik
doghramaji,
marangos
kilim, hali
tashimaq, go-
tiirmek, naql
etmek
*araba, yiik
*araba-si
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
325
English.
canter (y.)
canvas
cap
Arynenian.
salasmpakel
Kurdish.
char'ar cho,
baz cho
arrakasd
klkharg, kdag klo, kopin
Syriac.
mutrele
kusitha
capable garogh, jardar qadir, zirak qabil, ziraq
cape (promon- saravand, sare chiae resha
tory) hrwandan
capstan anvord dulabe warise diilaba
d-khaula
captain (of navabed qaptan, sare qaptan
ship) gamiye
captain
(military)
captive
capture (men)
hariurabed
keri
prrnel, keri
prrnel
kravel
, kravel, prrnel
yuzbashi
girti
girt
yuzbashi
eria, hbisa
erele, dawiq
capture
(place)
capture (seize.
V.)
zabt kir,
§tand
girtin, ra-
hishtin
shqille
dawiq
caravan
garavan
karwan
karwan
care (you take ezkoysh yegbir hishar ba,
care !) balak
hawit heshar
careful
zkoushavor
hishshar,
agah
fatln
cargo
carpenter
navaperr
hiusn, adagh-
tsakortz
bar
najar, dartash
tena
I nagara, najar
carpet
carry
kork, carpet
danel, grel
berzin, fersh
bir, hal girt
mahfurta
labii
cart
sayl, garrq *arabaye bare *araba d-tcna
326
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
cartridge
cart-track
cash
Arabic.
fishgah
{pi. fisheg)
sikkat el-
' arabah
nuqud
Persian.
fishang
rah-i-'arabi-
yeh
naqd
Turhish.
fislienk
'araba yolu
naqd
castle
cat
catch
cattle
cavalry
cave
ceiling
cellar
cement
cemetery
centre
certainly
chain
chair
change (ex-
change, V.)
change (n.)
channel
qasr (pZ. qu§ur) burj, qal'ah
bazzunah gurbeh
mesek, yimsak giriftan, gir
mawashi
khail, sawa-
riyah
mugharah
sagf
sirdab [yl. sa-
ladib)
kils, chemento
maqbarah
markaz (of
circle and
government)
nia'lum, belli albatteh
haiwanat
suwareh
ghar
saqf
sardab
saruj
qabristan
markaz
qal'e
kedi
tutmaq, yaqa-
lamaq
bahaim, hai-
wanlar
suwari
maghara
tavan
makhzen, qilar
qa-
zanjil,
skumli, kursi
beddel, yubed-
dil ; sarraf
(of money)
qusiir (of
money)
mejra
chimento
mezarliq,
bristan
merkez (gov-
ernmental),
orta, vesat (of
circle)
elbette,
shiibhesiz
zinjir zinjir
sandali, kursi sandaliye
taghyir dadan bozmaq (of
money)
khurda, piil-e ufaq para
khurda (of money)
(of money)
baghaz, tang-i- mejra, yataq,
darya boghaz
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
327
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
cartridge
pampousht
fishak
fishakka
cart-track
sayli jampa
ria 'arabana
urkha d-'araba
cash
badrast ardzat,
badrast tram,
badrast esdag
, draf, para
zuze
castle
amrots, tghiag
qakj kushk
qasra
cat
gadou
ketek, psuk
qatiitha
catch
prrnel
girt
erele, dawiq
cattle
anasoun
dawar, sawat
haiwane
cavalry-
hedzelazorq
suwar
rakawe
cave
ayr, qarayr
mughara, kal-
waz
- guppltha
ceiling
arrastagh
sarban, ban
shkiiri
cellar
marran,
zagha, sardap sardapa
ngough
cement
shaghakh
gej
kelsha
cemetery
kerezmanadoun guristan, zia-
bet qorawati
rat
centre
getron
navraz, mar-
markaz
kaz
be-pelga
certainly
anshoushd
hare, di ma'lum
chain
shghta
zinjir shishilta
chair
athorr
kursi, chwarpe kursi
change (ex-
pokhel
gohirrin, mshaklip
change, V.)
bzhardin, ba-
dal kirin
change {n.)
manrouq sdag,
khurda, wur- zuzi khwara
pokh (of
dapara (of money)
money)
(of money)
channel
chouri negh-
outs, pos,
chrantszq
shaqita
328
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
charcoal
fahm hatab
zughal
kyumur
chart
kharl^ah
khariteh, jad-
wal
kliarita
cheap
cheek
rakhi?
arzan
ujQz
khadd (pZ.
rukh
yanaq
khudiid)
cheerful
bashshush,
khush-hal,
giiler yiizlii,
masrur
masriir
khoshnud
cheese
jiben
panir
penir
chemist
ejzachi
dava-saz
ejzaji
chicken
dujajah (pZ.
dujaj)
jujeh
pilij
chief (w.)
ra'Is, shaikh,
miikhtar
khan
re'is, bash
children
awlad, atfal
bachagan,atfa]
I evlad,chojuqlar
chin
dhuqan
zanakhdan
chene
chisel
minqar
ishkaneh
qalem
choose
iklitar, yakh-
guzidan, guzln
sechmek
tar
or intikhab
kardan, kun
Christ
('Isa) el-Masih
Masih
el Messih
christian
mesihi ; nas-
isavJ, masihi
khristian ;
rani (less po-
giaur (not
lite)
polite)
Christmas
Id el-milad
*Id-i-milad
Milad-i-'Isa
yortusu
church
kanisah
killsa
kilise
cigarette
jigarah
sigar, sigarcha
sigara
circle
dayirah
da'ireh
da'ire
city
wilayah, me-
dinah, beled
shahr
shehir
civil (non-
eheli
muduni
ghairi askeri
military)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
329
English.
charcoal
chart
cheap
cheek
cheerful
chemist
chicken
chief (n.)
children
chin
chisel
choose
Armenian.
adzoukh
navaqardez,
qardez
azhan
ayd
ourakh
banir
teghakordz,
teghavadjar
varrieg
bed
yerekhayq
dznot
krich (qanta-
goghats),
qandagich
kortziq
undrel
Kurdish.
pell, zikhal
arzan
gup, chur
shad
penir
azachi, dar- dermanchi
man-firosh
Syriac.
komur
kharitah
arzani
lama, patha
psikha
gupta
chuchik
sar, maqiil
zaru bechuk,
minal
chin, zinj
askana
farkha,
kthaitha
resha
yale zore
daqintha
mabrad
bzharain, hal mgiibele
chinin
Christ Qristos *Isa mshikha
christian qrisdonia nasrani, fillah nasraya
Christmas
church
cigarette
circle
city
civil (non-
military)
Dznount
Biyalde
•eta
yegeghetsi, der
zham
klanig, sigaret sigara chigara
shrchan, ger, hawir dairah, hiidhra
shrchanag
qaghaq shahr, balad, mdita
bazhar
qaghaqagan, mulki, ahli- la qoshiinaya
qaghaqayin qalam
330
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
claim (/i.) da'wa {fl. da' va, or iddi' a da' va
da' awl)
clan qabilah {'pl. qabileli qablle, 'ashiret
qaba'il) or
*ashlrah {pl.
'asha'ir)
clean {adj.)
nadhif
pak
temiz
clean {v.)
nadhdhaf yuna
- pak kardan,
temizlemek
dhdhif
kuu or tanzif
kardan, kun
clear (pure.
^afi; wadhih
§af
achiq
bright)
(evident) ;
farigh, beli
mawani (of
road)
clerk
katib
munchi, nuvi-
sanda
kyatib, yaziji
cliff
jurf {pl. jur-
fan)
partgah
uchurum, qaya
clock
sa'ah
sa'at
sa'at
close {v.)
ghallaq, yu-
ghalliq (of
door) ; sedd,
yasidd (close
up)
bastan, band
qapamaq
closet (water)
edebkhanah
khala
memsha, ab-
dest khane
clothes
hudum
libas
elbise, ruba
cloud
coal
coast
coat
coffee
cold (in head) zukam
ghemah {pl. abr bulut
ghem)
fahm hajari zughal-i-sangi kiimiir
sahil {pl. sawa- sahil deniz kenari,
hil) sahil
sitrah nimtana setri
(Turkish) (jacket) ; ku-
laja (frock-
coat)
gahwah qahweh qahve
zukam, sarma nezle
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
331
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Sj/riac,
claim (n.) balianch da'wah, talab matlab
clan dobm, tsegh ojakh, khil 'ashira
clean {adj.)
clean (v.)
maqour
maqrel
paqij, pak
paqij kir
nadifa
mundifle
clear
hstag, barz
zalal, ruhnak ?epya
clerk
krakir
katib,
inda
niwis-
katawa
cliff
kahavand,
zliayrrap
kandal
kandala
clock
zhamatsuyts
sa'at
sa'ah
close (v.)
pagel
bestin
erele, skere
closet (water)
ardaqnots
abldast
clothes
cloud
hantertz,
koustner,
kestner
amb
ha-
ez-
jull, libas
aur
juli
aiwa
coal
coast
coat
adzoukh
dzovezr,
dzovap
verargou
fahm, kemur
kenar
jubbahj sako,
qaftan
shekhore
rakhkha
d-maya
giidda
cofEee
cold (in head)
sourj, kafe
harpoukh
qahwa
sarma
qahwa
shauba, zuka m
332
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
cold (in chest) su'al surfeh nezle-i-sadriye
cold bard
(temperature)
cold {adj.) barid
collar yakhah
collect jama*, yijma*
collision - mu^adamah
colonel miralai
colour
colours (flag)
colt
comb (n.)
come
come (imper.)
comfortable
command (n.)
commander
commerce
commission
commodore
communica-
tion
companion
lon(23Z.alwan)
beraq
muhr "
misht
ja, yajl
ta'al
mustarih (of
person) ; mu-
rih (of thing)
amr {pi. awa-
mir)
qamandan
tijarah
ma'murlyet
ra'is ustul
muwasalah
rafij or raflq
{pi. rufaqa)
sarma
sard
fukul, yakheh
jam' kardan,
kun
tasadum
sartip
rang
bairaq
kurreh
shana
amadan, ai
biya
rahat
farman
sardar
tijarat
soghiiq
soghuq
yaqaliq, yaqa
toplamaq
musademe,
charpishma
qaim-maqam
(lieut.-col.) ;
miralai (full
col.)
renk
bairaq, sanjaq,
'alem
tai
taraq
gelmek
gel
rahat
emr, buyii-
ruldu
qomandan
alish-verish,
tijaret
me'muriyet
ma muriyat
darya-begl
muwasaleh
rafiq, hamrah arqadash
filo suvarisi,
qumidor
mukhabere
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
333
English. Armenian.
cold (in chest) gourdzqi
tsourd,
mrsadz
(gourdzqen)
cold tsourd
(temperature)
cold {adj.) bagh, sarrn
collar otziq
Kurdish.
collect
collision
colonel
havaqel
untharoum
kndabed
sar
Syriac.
qarlrutha
sar, zukum qarira
milwanka, yakhah
yakha
pin khestin, mjume'Ie
gilir kir
musadama mkhaya lekli-
dbadhe
nuralai miralai
colour kuyn
colours (flag) trosh
rang
sanjaq
gauna
bairaq
colt mdrouk juwani, kurrali muhirtha
comb {n.) sandr shanik mesreqta
come kal hat itbele
come {imper.) yegour (sing.), wara ta, temun {pi.
yegeq {pi.)
comfortable hankist rahat, bisa rahitta
command (n.) ^liraman
amr
pugdana
commander
commerce
commission
commodore
communica-
tion
companion
hramanadar
arrevdour
badver, bants-
nararoutiun
navi hrama-
nadar
haghortag-
tsoutiun
ungeragits
qomandan qomandan
tujaret, alish- bazerganutha
veresh
separish • wazifa
mukhabara mukhabarah
haval, dost khaura
334
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish. '
company
jama'ah
guruh
taqim
(assembly)
company
buluk
dasteh
biiliik
(military)
compass
qiblanama
qibleh numa
pussla
N.
sbamal
shamal
shemal, yildiz
NE.
sliamal sliarqi
shamal-i-
shemal-i-
sharqi
sharqi
E.
sharq
mashriq
sharq, giin
doghusu
SE.
janub sliarql
janiib-i-
jeniib-i-sharq,
sharqi
keshishleme
S.
janub
janiib
jenub, qibla
sw.
janiib gliarbi
janub-i-
gharbi
jenub-i-gharb
w.
gbarb
maghrib
gharb, giin
NW.
sliamal gharbi
shamal-i-
shemal-i-
gharbi
gharb, qara
yel
compensation
ta'widh
talafi, ujrat
tazminat
complain
ishteka, yash-
shikayat kar-
shikyayet et-
teki
dan, kun or
nalidan, nal
■ mek
condemn
hakam, yah-
mil j rim
jesasina hukm
kam (of judge]
) kardan
etmek
condition
hal {pi. ahwal)
halat
hal
(state)
condition
shart {pi. sbu-
shart
shart
(stipulation)
rut)
confess
qarr, yaqurr
i'tiraf kardan
, i'tiraf etmek,
or i'taraf,
kun
iqrar etmek
ya'tarif
confidence
tkiqqah
i'timad
emniyet
confirm
haqqaq, yu-
iqrar, nuqairar tasdiq etmek
haqqiq
kardan
confiscate
dhabat, yadh-
zabt kardan
musadara et-
bat
mek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
335
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
company
hasaragoutiun
jama 'at
jama'ah
(assembly)
company
koumardag
buluk
dasta
(military)
(250 zinvor)
compass
gogbmatsuyts
qibbanama
N.
hiusis
sbimal
garbya
NE.
hiusis-arevelq
E.
arevelq
tavbalsan
saq yoma,
madenkha
SE.
haraf-arevelq
S.
baraf
tarafe qiblate
1 taimna
sw.
baraf-arev-
moudq
w.
arevmoudq
rujavai,
gharb
ma'erwa
NW.
hiusis-arev-
moudq
compensation pokharinou-
jerm
awaz
tmn, vnasu
badoutsanel
complain
kankadil
gili or sbikat
kir, gazin kir
musbkele
condemn
tadabardel
tiukm kirin
awed gunakar
condition
vijag
hal, atiwal
tial, ahwal
(state)
condition
bayman
sbart
sbart-
(stipulation)
confess
khostovanil
iqrar kir
mud el e
confidence
vsdaboutiun
iman, dilbisai
itimad
, itibar
confirm
hastadel,
sdoukel
isbat kirin
muqwi
confiscate
kravel, prni
ghasib kirin,
shaqil
arrnel
zabit kirin
336
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
confusion
congratula-
tions
conquer
(a city)
consent (n.)
consequence
Constanti-
nople
consul
consulate
consultation
content
contraband
(adj.)
contract (n.)
convenient
conversation
Arabic.
qalabaligh
(turmoil) ;
ikhtilat ;
* ademtibte
Persian.
tashnish (of
things) ; bl-
nazmi (of
persons)
tahniyah {sing.) tahniyat
Turkish.
qarishiqliq,
qalabaluq
tebrik
intasar, van- ghalib shudan maghlub etmek
ta§ir
fetah, yiftah giriftan, fath feth etmek
kardan
ridha qabiil kardan, riza
razT shudan
natijah
Istambul
qunsal (pi.
qunasil)
qunsalkhanah
mashawarah
radhi
mamnii*
muqawalah
muwafiq
haki, hachi
convoy (n.) khafar
cook (n.)
cook {v.)
cool
copy (n.)
'aschi
tabakh, yat-
bakh
barid
niskhah {pi.
nisakh)
natija
Istambdl
qonsul
qonsul-khana
mashvarat
qani*
qachaq, ma-
mnii'
qabala (com-
mercial)
muwafiq
mukalama,
suhbot
badraqah
ash-paz
pukhtan, paz
khunuk
nuskheh
netije
Istambol
qonsolos
qonsoloskhane
mush aver e
razi,khoshnud
qachaq
mukavele,
bazarliq
miinasib
sohbet, laf
qonboy, qo-
ruma
ashji
pishirmek
serin
nuskha, siiret
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
337
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
confusion
kharnagoutiun
, parishani, be
- shghiishya
shpotoutiun
hisbariani
congratula-
shnorhavorou-
tahani
mbarakhiate
tions
tiun, ' achqi
loys'
*
conquer
haghtel
ghalabab kirin, ghalib
ber kirin
(a city)
direl qaghaqs,
fatih kirin,
mzabit
nvadjel
standin
consent (n.)
havanoutiun,
qabul, riza
razlutha
hamatzaynou
-
tiun
consequence
hedevanq,
hedevoutiun
natija
plata ^
Constanti-
Constant nu-
Istambul
Istambul
nople
polis or
Bolis
consul
hiubados
balios, qonsi-
16s
qiinsul
consulate
hiubadosaran
qonsilkbana,
balioskbana
qiinsulkhana
consultation
khorhrtagtsou-
tiun
mashwara
maslahat
content
koh
razi, kadin
p^Tkha, razi
contraband
maqsakhuys
qacbagh
muherma, qa
chagh
contract (n.)
hagabadger,
muqawala,
qabal
liagarag
sanad
convenient
harmar
munasib
munasib
conversation
khosagtsoutiuE
I akhaftin,
kbabardan
mhamzemta
convoy {n.)
bahag, bede-
himayat, gba-
mhamoye
vort
farat
cook (n.)
khobarar
asbcbi
mbashlana
cook {v.)
yepel
kalandi, ash
kir
mbushelle
cool
zov
sar, jamid
qarira
copy {n.)
orinag, pad-
jen
naskha
naskha
MES. I
338
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
copy (v.)
nesekh, yen-
istinsakh kar-
■ siir^t chekmek.
sakh
dan, kun
istinsakh et-
mek (writing)
cord
khait, sutli
risman
ip, iplik
cork (n.)
sidadah (stop-
sar-shisheh
tapa (in bottle),
per), fillin
mantar (sub-
(substanc^)
stance)
corkscrew
burghi
pish-e butri
burghu
corn (cereals)
l;iubiib
gandum
boghdai
corporal
onbashi
wakil
on-bashi
cost (n.)
qimah
qimat
paha, fi'at
cotton
gutn
pambeh
pambiiq
council
me j lis
ma j lis
mejliss
count {v.)
hasab,
shumnrdan,
saimaq
yahsub
shumar
country
bilad, mem-
mamlakat
memleket,
lekah
watan
courageous
shajja*
dilir
yiyit,mutejassir
course
jihah, tarf
jihat
geminin yolu
(direction)
(ship's)
court-martial
diwan barb
divan-i-tarb
divan-i-harb
cover (v.)
. ghatta, yu-
piishidan.
ortmek
ghatti
push
cover, take
ha^^an.
panhan shu-
• siper almaq,
yubassin
dan, shau
gizlenmek
cow
baqarah,
hash ah
gau
inek
cowardly {adj .) iahham
tarsii
qorqaq
creek
khalij
murdab
qoi, boghaz
crescent
hilal
hilal
hilal
crew
mallafcah
ahl-i-jihaz
gemi ta'ifesi
crooked
a*waj
kaj
eyri
crops
ha^il, mah?ulat mah^ulat
mahsulat
cross (v.)
'abar, ya'bar
ubur namtidan gechmek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
339
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
copy {v.)
orinagel
shekil or
nasekh kir
nsekble, ktbule
cord
baran, lar
waris,ris,bang
kbaula
cork (n.)
khtsan, man-
tarr
sar-sbusba
pukia
corkscrew
khtsahan
burghi, garr
corn (cereals)
tsoren
ganim, dakbl
dakbla, kbette
corporal
dasnabed,
yentbaspah
onbasbi
onbasbi
cost (n.)
kin, arzheq
qimat, baba
tin I a
cotton
pambag
pambuk, luka
ktana
council
zhoghov, aclian
mijlis,anjuman mejliss
count {v.)
hashvel
zbmartin
mnele
country
kavarr
walat
atbra
courageous
gdrij
dildar
mar libba
course
untatsq
jibat
jibab
court-martial
baderazmagan
adian
cover {v.)
dzadzgel, pagel pusband.
mkusele
cover, take
badsbaril,
wasbartin,
mtiishele
bashdbanvil
basbar kir
cow
gov, cov
chel, mangu
tawerta
cowardly {adj.) yergchod, vad
tersiik
zado"i
creek
kborsh, poqr
navabankisd
•
crescent
ma big
mab-nu, bilal
istra
crew
navasti, navaz
crooked
gor, dzourr
kiwan, kezb,
lar
plima
crops
bountzq
basad
kbsada
cross (v.)
irar bantibil,
timatseant-
' snil
darbaz buin
*awir
Y 2
340
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
crowd {n.) qalabalikh, izdiljam qalabaluq,
jama' ah jem'iyet
cruel qasi, garim bi-rahm, zalim zalim, ghaddar
cruise (n.) safar darya-gardi dolashmaq
cruiser tarrad, man war
cultivation zira*ah, falahah abadani
cup finjan, piyalah piyaleh, jam
cure {n.) shifa ilaj
current {n.) jarayan sail
curtain pardah
custom-house gumruk
cut (v.)
dagger
daily (adj.)
daily (adv.)
dam (n.)
damage
damp {adj.)
dangerous
dark
darkness
date (time)
date (fruit)
daughter
dawn
day
gas$, yaguss
qata', yaqta'
khanjar {j)l.
khanajir)
yomi
yomiyan
sudd
khisarah
murtib
mukhtir
mudhlim
dhulmah
parda
gumruk
buridan
qama
sadd
zarar, ziyan
namnak
khatarnak
tarik
tariki
tarikh tarikh
tamrah {pi. khuima
tamr)
bint {pl.h&nat) dukhtar
fijr bamdad
yom {pi.
aiyam)
day (opposite nahar
to night)
kruasor
zira'at
kyasse, finjan
shifa
aqinti
perde
giimriik
kessmek
khanjer
har-ruzeh her giinki
ruz
her giin
sedd, bend
zarar
nemli
tehlikeli, qor-
qulu
qaranliq
qaranliq
tarikh
khurma
qiz, kerime
shafaq
gun
giindiiz
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
341
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
crowd (n.)
ampokh,
qalabalikh
qalabalikh
khouzhan
jama'ali
cruel
ankout
zalim
qeshya
cruise (n.)
navayin
bduyd, had-
zoumn navi i
dzovou
safar
safar
cruiser
hadzavorag
cultivation
mshagoutiun
chandine,
jutyariye
zarra'utha
cup
pazhag
fin j an, piyala
finjan, qatkha
cure {n.)
tegh
ilaj, chara
mbasimta
current
hosanq,
hortsanq
ria-ave, sail
sail
curtain
varakoyr
parda
perda
custom-house
maqsadoun
yumruk
gfimruk
cut (v.)
gdrel, pazhnel
3irrin
qate
dagger
tashoyn
khanjar, kerik khanjar
daily {adj.)
oragan, am-
enoria
har-roj
daily (adv.)
kul yom
dam
thoump
sadda, bend
sikra
damage
vnas, gorousd
zyian, zerar
khisarah
damp
khonav
tarr, shil
talila, ratiwa
dangerous
vdankavor
khatardar,
mar darak.
bdarak
mari zeluta
dark
mouth
tar, dark
kheshka
darkness
khavar, mtou-
tiun
tari
khuya
date (time)
tvagan
zaman, wakht tarikh
date (fruit)
armav
khurma
khurma
daughter
toustr,aghchig
kich
brata
dawn
arshaloys
speda^ spe-
darozh
zraqta d-yoma
day
or
roj
yoma
day (opposite
tsoreg
rozh
yoma
to night)
.
342
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
dead
meypt
murdeh
iilii, tilmish
deaf
atrash
karr
saghir
dear (person)
'aziz, mahbub
*azlz
*aziz
dear (price)
ghali
giran
pabali
death
maut
marg
iiliim
deceive
ghashsli,
firiftan, firib
aldatmaq,
yaghishsli
or gul zadan,
hile-etmek
December
Kanun el-aw-
zan
Dai, Kanun-i-
Kyanun-i-
wal
auwal
evvel
deck
sath
§afha-yi-kashti goverte
declaration
i'lan el-harb
i'lan-i-jang
i'lan-i-harb
(of war)
decree {n.)
amr, iradali
farman
irade
deep
'amiq
*amiq
derin
deer
gbazal
ahii
geyik
defeat (n.)
inkisar, hazi-
shikast kbur-
inbizam
mab
dan
defeat {v.)
kasar, yaksur ;
shikast dadan,
inhizam
gbalab 'ala
deh
etmek
defend
dafa', yudafi*
difa' kardan,
muhafaza
.
kun or hima-
etmek, qori-
yat kardan,
maq
kun
deficiency
*adam kifayah,
nuq^an
kami
noqsan
dense
thakhin,
ghaliz, musb-
siq
musbtabik
tabik
depreciation
kbalal, nuq§an
nuq§an
kbalal
(of troops,
guns, &c.)
describe
wa§af , yo^af
bayan kardan,
ta'rif etmek,
kun or wa^f
anlafcmaq
kardan, kun
desert {n.)
chol, barr
biyaban
yaban
desert {v.)
terek, yitruk
guzashtan.
braqmaq, terk
guzar
etmek
deserter
barib min
el-*askariyah
gurikhteb
qachaq
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
343
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac
dead
merradz, mer-
rial
miria
mitha
deaf
khoul
karr
karra
dear (person)
sireli
'aziz
'aziza
dear (price)
sough, thank
giran
agran
death
ma.h
merin
mota
deceive
khapel
gharrand,
khalatand
mut'ele
December
Tegtemper
Kaniine auwal Kanun qa
deck
tstigon-navi
declaration
haidararel
(of war)
(baderazm)
decree [n.)
vdjir, hramman farman, irada
qanuna
deep
khor
chal, kur
'amiqa
deer
aydziam, egh-
ghazal, asik
ghazala
defeat (w.)
jerou
bardoutiun
shkastine,
bezandine
twara
defeat {v.)
haghtel
shkast, bezan-
din
twere
defend
bashdbanel
khudan kir
mhumele
deficiency theroutiiin, kemahi, nuqsanutha
bagasoutiun nuq§an
dense khit, thantzr ghaliz, giran yaqura
depreciation vadtharat-
(of troops, soumn (zorats,
guns, &c.) thntanothits)
describe nkarakrel wasf kir mtun61e
desert (n.) anabad bari, chol bariya
desert {v.) tasalig linel^ bar dan shweqle
pakhchil
deserter tasaliq qachagh qachagh
344
GLOSSAEIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
desk
mektebah
miz-e tahrir
chekmeje
despatch {n.)
risalah
risaleh, mura-
saleh
talaf kardan.
tahrlrat
destroy
kharrab,
, mahv etmek, "
yukharrib
kun
bozmaq
or dammar.
yudammir
detain
* attal, yu' attil nigah dashtan
, aJiqomaq
baz dashtan
determinatioE
I jazm, qarar
ta^mim
qarar( decision):
(decision) ;
iqdam (firm-
israr, ta§mim
ness)
(firmness)
devil
shetan {pi.
sheyatin)
iblis
sheitan
diarrhoea
is-hal
is-hal
is-hal
die
mat, yamiit
murdan, mir
olmek, velat
etmek
difference
farq
farq
farq
difficult
§a*ab, zahma
mushkil
zor, giich
dig
^lafar, yahfir
kandan, kan
qazmaq
dinner
*asha (in even-
sham
akhsham
ing) ; ghada
yemeyi
(at noon)
direct (adv.)
giibal
mustaqiman
doghru
dirty
wasikh
chirk
pis, kirli
disappear
ghab, yaghib
gum shudan,
gha'ib olmaq
shau or gha'ib
shudan, shau
discharge
farragh, yu-
bar andakhtan boshaltmaq
(cargo, V.)
farrigh
discharge
battal, yu-
murakhkhas
izin vermek
(dismiss, v.)
battil
kardan
saJivermek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
346
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
desk kraseghan mez, pesh- miz d-ktotha
takhta
despatch {n.) (bashdonagan), kitab, kaghaz ktbawa
namag
destroy qantel, averel kharab kir mukbrule
detain bahel, pandel ta't-ii kirin,
{lit. ' to put in girtin
prison ' or
'under arrest')
determination voroshoumn niyat zakhm
gamq, mdat-
routium
devil
diarrhoea
die
difference
difficult
dig
dinner
direct {adv.)
dirty
disappear
discharge
(cargo, V.)
discharge
(dismiss, v.)
tev, sadana
tanchq, por-
loudsanq
merrnil
shaitan
zik choine
mirin, jan da
farq
darperoutiun,
zanazanoutiun
tzhvar zahmat
porel kulan, kandin
jash, unthriq nanishao
(evening meal)
shidag,oughigh, dirist
oughghagi
(= direct to)
aghdod
anhedanal
pis, chirkin
hinda or na-
diyar, bu
dawiq
qa§d matin
dewa
izala d-kasa
mithle
purshiinya
zahmat
khpere
ghadaya,
kharamsha
diiz
mtiimya
fetle, ghible
barbel
bare garni mpalit tana
dainanin
artzageljVrndel * azil kirin, rha mpalit
kirin
346
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
discipline (n.)
nidham
nazm, riyazat
nizam-u-intiz-
discover
keshef, yik-
daryaftan,
am
bulmaq, keshf
shaf
daryab
etmek
disease
mardh
na-khushi
khastaliq,'illet
dishonest
khayin, mil
na-durust
khirsiz, insaf-
sadiq
siz
disobedient
'agi
sarkash, *a§i
ita'atsiz, dik-
bash
disperse
tashshar, yu-
mutafarriq
daghitmaq
(trans.)
tashshir
kardan
displeased
mu radhi
na-razi
darghin
distant
ba'id
ba'id
uzaq
district
na^iiyah {pL
nawahi)
nahiyeh
qaza, nahiya
ditch
khandaq (pi.
khanadiq)
khandaq
hendeq
diver
ghawwag {also
submarine)
ghauwa?
dalghich
divide
qassam, yu-
taqsim kardac
I, taqsim etmek,
qassim
kun
ayirmaq
division
firqah {pi.
firqah
firqa
firaq)
*
do
sawwa, yusaw-
kardan, kun
yapmaq,
wi
etmek
dock
baudh el-ma -
gemi hauzi.
rakib, dok
tersane hauzi
dockyard
mina li-ta'mir
kar-khaneh-i-
tersane
es-sufun
kashti-sazi
doctor
hakim
tabib, hakim
hekim
dog
kelb {pi Mlab)
sag
kopek
donkey
hamar {pi. ha-
mir)
khar, ulagh
eshek, merkeb
door
bab {pi. ab-
wab)
dar
qapu
doubt {v.)
shekk, ya-
shakk kardan,
shiibhe etm6k
shikk
kun
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
347
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
iSyriac.
discipline {n.)
garkabahou-
tarbiah,
riza, tarbiah
tiun, hrabank
nazam
discover
kdnel. yerevan
hanel
dit, kashf kir
mgulele
disease
hivantoutiun
nasakhi
nassakhiitha,
mara
dishonest
anbargeshd
khain, be-
sharm
kha'in
disobedient
anhnazand
m
'asi
disperse
daradzel,
tafriq kirin,
mperpis
{trans.)
kravel
ravandin
displeased
ankoh, dhad-
na razi, na
narazi
jadz
qabul
distant
herrou
diir
yarikha
district
kavarr,
qaza, walat
qaza
shrchanag
•
ditch
pos
dial, khandaq
khandaq
diver
iougbag, hou-
zag, cbri dag
souzogh
cho bin ave
ghe^le
divide
pazhanel
qismat kir,
bahre da
mpiilele
division
chogad
do
unel, anel
kir
ewedhle, awed
dock
gayan navi,
avazan navi
dockyard
navaran
doctor
pzhishg
hakim
hakim
dog
shoun
seh
kalba
donkey
esh
khmara
door
dourr, tourr
dari, derga
tar'a
doubt {v.)
gasgadzil,
shakk kir,
shik
daragousil
bshubhat bu
-
348
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
dragoman tarjuman {pi. miitarjim terjuman
tarjumaniyah)
resem, yersem rasm kardan resm etmek
draw
(map, &c.)
draw (pull)
draw up
(document)
jarr, yajurr keshidan chekmek
resem, yersem rasm kashidan, tanzim etmek
or keteb, yik- kash
tab
draw up (line §aff, yasuff saff bastan, tanzim etmek
of troops) band
dress (intrans.) labis, yilbas pushidan, geyinmek
push
dress {trans.) lebbes geyindirmek
dress rabat, yarbut marham gu- (yara) baghla-
(a wound) zasbtan, maq
guzar
tafa, yatf u ba sail raftan, suyun aqinti-
rau sile qapilmaq
sherbah sharbat ichqi
drift {v.)
drink {n.)
drink {v.)
sberib, yish- ashamidan or ichmek
rab nushidan,
nush
drive {trans.) saq, yasuq randan, ran siirmek, qosh-
durmaq
driver (of car- ' arabachi siirclii, kalas- ' arabaji
riage) kachi
drown gharaq, yagh- gliarq sbudan, boghmaq
{intrans.) raq shau
drown {trans.) agbraq, yugh- gliarq kardan, boghulmaq
riq kun
drunk sakran {pi. mast serkhosh
sakara)
diy (^O yebbes, yu- kbushk kar- qurutmaq
yebbis or dan, kirn
nashshaf, yu-
nashshif
dry {adj.) yabis, nashif khushk quru
duck besh, battah urdak ordek
dust toz, ghubar gard toz
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
349
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
dragoman
tarkman
tarjaman
terjman
draw
kdzel kdzakrel
rasem kir
rshimle
(map, &c.)
draw (pull)
(gardez)
kashel
draw up
horinel, kiel,
niwisin
kthiHe
(document)
draw up (line
of troops)
dress {intrans.]
sharatasel
(vaverakir)
jagadetsnel,
garkel
1 haknel
reza kir
jilik bar kir
ewedhle reza
Iweshle
dress {trans.)
haktznel
dress
tarmanel,
darman da
nudurmenne
(a wound)
viragabel
drift {v.)
hosanq
hat bar ave
mshupele
drink {n.)
drink {v.)
khmeliq, um-
beliq
khmel
sharbat
vakhwarin
shtaya
shtele .
drive [trans.) varel (a car), saljt kir, be- sljetlc; seqle
kshel (horse), zaftin
vanel (enemy)
driver (of car- qshogh 'arabachi arabachi
riage)
drown heghtsnoul, khanneqin ghreqie
{intrans.) kheghdvil
drown {trans.) kheghtel khanneqandin
drunk
dry {v.)
kinov,
harpadz
chortsnel
sarkhwash
hishik kir
rawaya
mubeshle, bariz
dry {adj.) chor hishk wisha
duck pat, bat wurdek, batek batta
dust poshi toz, khoU toz, 'epra
360
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
duty (tax)
resm {pi. ni-
suinat)
gumruk, baj
vergi, resm
dynamite
dinamit
dinamit
dinamit
dysentery
is-hal dem
is-hal
is-hal
each
kull
bar
her bir
ear
udhn {dual
udhnain)
gush
qulaq
early
min waqt (in
good time) ;
badri
zud
erken
earth
ardh, trab
zamin
arz, topraq
earthen
turabi, tlni
khaki
topraqdan
earthwork
mitras
khak riz
istihkyam
east
sharq
khawar, sharq sharq, giin
doghusu
Easter
'Td el-qiyamah
'Id-i-fash
Biiyiik pas-
qalya
eastern
sharqi
sharqi
sharqi
easy
sehl
asan
qolai
eat
akal, ya*kul
khurdan, khui
: yemek
egg
bedhah {pi.
tukhm-i-
yumurta
bedh)
murgh
Egypt
Masr
Mi^r
Misr
Egyptian
Ma§ri
Mi§ri
Misrli
elbow
'aks
aranj
dirsek
embark
rekeb (yir-
bar kashti
gemiye bin-
{intrans.)
kub) fi safi-
suwar shudan, mek
nah
shau
embarkation
rukub
rukub
gemiye bin-
meklik
devlet
empire
daulah, mem-
mamlakat,
lekah
padshahi
employ (thing) ista'mal, yas- isti'mal kar- quUanmaq
ta*mil dan, kun
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
361
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
duty (tax)
max
baj, gumruk
kherj
dynamite
dinamit,
ouzhanag
dysentery
thanchq
is-hal
is-hal
each
yiuraqanchour
, har, har-kas
kulkha
ammen meg
(for persons)
ear
aganch
guh
natha
early
ganoukh
zu
qalula
earth
yergir, kedin
ard, akh (soil) ar'a
earthen
gavayin
zh-akhi
min-*epra
earthwork
hoghathoump
chapare akhe
chapar d-'epra
east
arevelk
khawarasan,
khuralat
madenkha
Easter
Zadig
'ifidha d-pe§tia,
*Edha gura
eastern
arevelian
zh-tavhalsan
madenkhaya
easy
heshd, tiurin
hasan, sanahi
sanahi
eat
oudel
khwarin
ikhelle
egg
havgith, tzou
hek, kha
betah
■^gyp^.
Ekiptos
Misr
Meser
Egyptian
Ekiptatsi
Misri
Me^raya
elbow
armoug
anishk, bala-
mishk, bala-
milka, kin-
arishk
qursiiita
embark
nav mdnel
sar gamiya
rkule b-markwa
{intrans.)
cho
embarkation
nav mdneln
empire deroutiun, gay- daulat, orkat impratutha
sroutiun, in-
qnagaloutiun
employ (thing) kordz adzel istimal kir mustu'mille
352
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic.
employ (men) istakhdam,
yastakhdim
empty {v.) farregh, yu-
farrigli
empty (adj.) farigh
Persian. Turkish.
tashgliil kar- ish vermek
dan, kun
khali kardan, boshatmaq
kun
khali bosh
encamp
khayyam,
khaimeh za-
chadir qiirmaq
yukhayyim
dan, zan
encampment
khiyam, mu-
chadir gah
chadir yeri
(of nomads)
khaiyam
end (trans.)
enha, yunhi
anjam dadan,
bitirmek
or khallas,
deh or tamam
yukhalli?
kardan, kun
endure
tahammal,
tahammul
dayanmaq
yatahammal
namudan,
numa
enemy
*adu ipl. 'ad-
wan or a' da)
dushman
diishmen '
engine
makinah
mashin
makina
engineer
muhandis
muhandis
muhendis (civ-
(civil or
military); osta
(mechanical)
England
Englishman
enlist (army)
enough
ensign
entrench
Inglistan
Inglisi
il) ; charkhji
(mechanical);
istihkyam
alai (engineers,
military)
Ingilterra
Ingliz
Anglaterra
Anglezi (pi.
Anglez)
keteb fil-
' askariyah
kafi, bes bas, kafi yetishir, kyafi
beraq bairaq sanjaq, bairaq
tahassan, yata- sangur bastan tabassun etmlk
hassan
sarbaz kardan 'askerliye
(trans.) ; sar- yazilmaq
baz shudan
entrenchments istihkamat sangur istihkamat
envelope dharf , ghalf zarf, pakat zarf
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
353
Armenian.
employ (men) vartzel
Kurdish.
ish da
khali kir
empty (v.) tadargel,
barbel
empty (adj.) tatarg, tar- khali, wala
dag
encamp panagel,panag var kir
tnel
encampment vran tneln, zom, var
(of nomads) panagoum
end (trans.) avardel khalas kir
Syriac.
wellc shula
msupeqle
spiqa
it ill e
zoma
khli^le, timle
endure
enemy
engine
engineer
handourzhel, §abr kir, jan- sbere
dogal hishik bu
tshnami
dizhmin
dishmin
meqena makinah makinah
meqenakordz muhandis muhandis
England Anglia
Englishman Angliatsi
enlist (army) zinvorakrel,
zinvorakrvil
(to be
enlisted)
pavagan
nshan, trosh
badneshnerov
amratsnel
enough
ensign
entrench
Inglistan
Inglizi
Engilterra
Inglezaya
entrenchments amratsoutiung
envelope dzrar
bo 'askar gir- ktiwa soldat
tin (trans.); la
' askar choin
(intrans.)
bass bassa, kmale
sanjaq, bairaq baidaq
bar khandaq dari sangar
choin, bar
chapar run-
ishtin
chapar, khan- sangari
daq
zarf zarf
354
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
equal (adj.)
equip
err
escape {v.)
escort {n.)
escort {v.)
evacuate
evening
every
everything
everywhere
examine
except
exchange (v.)
excuse {v.)
exercise {n.)
(physical)
expect
Arabic.
musawa
Persian.
barabar
Turkish.
musavi
jahhaz, yujah- tajhiz kardan, tejhiz etmek,
hiz kun donatmaq
(ship)
ghalat, yagh- ghalat namii- ja,iiish.{+ suffix)
lat or akhta, dan, numa var, yanilmaq
yukhti
inhezem, yen- rastan, rah or qachmaq
hezim rahai yaftan,
yab
khafar, haris badraqah qonboy
rafaq, haras
yahrus
khalla, yukhalli takhliyeh
or farregh, kardan,
yufarrigh kun
mesa sham
kuU har
hamrah raf tan, refaqat etme
rau
takhliye etmek,
boshatmaq
akhsham
her
kuU she hameh chiz
fi kull makan har ja
her shei
her yere, her
yerde
fahas^ yafhas taftish kar- teftish etmek^
(a question) ; dan, kun yoqlamaq
imtahan,
yamtahin (a
candidate)
ilia bi-juz az -dan bashqa
(suffix)
beddel, yu- ivaz kardan digish etmek
beddil (barter)
*adhar, ya'dhir; ma*zur dash- *afv etmek,
'adhdhar tan, dar 'afv etdirmek
(make excuses
for)
tamrin, mashq ta'lim
riyadh'ah
intadhar, yan- muntazir me'mul etmek
tadhir biidan
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
355
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
equal (adj.)
havasar, hame
mad
> berambar,
wakuyak
barabar
equip
sparrazinel,
zinel
err
moloril
khalat kir
ghletle
escape
pakhchil,
khuys dal
khalas bu,
ravi
*reqle, khli§le
escort {n.)
oughegits,
escort (v.)
hedevortq
oughegtsil
himayat kir
mhumele
evacuate
tadargel,
barbel
helan
shweqle
evening
every
irigoun
amen mi,
amen meg
evar, hingSr
hammi, har
'aserta
kull
everything
amen inch
hammi tesht
kull mindi
everywhere
amenoureq
har 'arda
kull duka
examine
qnnel
fah? kir, qanj
dit
f^ie^le, mpu-
teshle
except
patsi
ilia, magar
ilia, shwuq min
exchange {v.)
pokhel, pok-
hanagel
badal kirin
shaklip
excuse (v.)
nerel
hijjah, gazin
makhli
exercise (n.)
marzanq
garrandin, ta-
li m kir
juraba, isti'mal
expect
agngale],
sbasel
dipain (pers.)
kham kirin
, sapir
z2
356
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
expense masraf {pi. kharj kharj, masraf
ma^arif)
explain fesser,yiifessir hali kardan, anlatmaq,ta'rif
kun etmek
explode fajjar, yufajjir infijar kardan, patlatmaq
{trans.) kun
explode infajar, yan- tarakidan, patlamaq
{intrans.) fajir tarak
explosion infijar infijar patlama
export (v.) ba'ath, yib'ath haml bi-kharij dishari gonder
kardan mek
exposed mu'arradh ma*riiz ma'ruz, achiq
ewe
eye
extinguish
na'jah
*ain {dual
'ainain, pi.
*uyiin)
taffa, yutaffi
madeh mish
chashm
khamiisli
kardan
dishi-qoyun
goz
siindui-mek
face
faithful
fall {V.)
family
famous
fanatical
far
farm
farmer
farrier
fat {adj.)
wajh {pi. riii, ^iirat
wujiih)
amin, sadiq wafadar
waga% yoga' ; uftadan, uft
saqat, yasqut
(of city)
' ayilah ahl-i-khaneh
mashhiir mashhiir,
namdar
muta*a§i?ib muta*a?sib
ba'id dur
mazra'ah mazra'
fellah (peasant) ra'iyat, zira'
atkar
na"al na*l-band
samin {pi.
saman)
farbeh
yuz
sadiq, doghru
diishmek
familya, ev,
choluqchojuq-
lar
meshhur
muta'assib
uzaq
chiftlik
chiftji
na'al-band,
baitar (vet.)
semiz, shish-
man
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
357
English.
expense
explain
explode
(trans.)
explode
(intrans.)
explosion
export (v.)
exposed
ewe
eye
Armenian.
dzakhq
patsatrel
baytetsnel
baytil
baytiun
ardadzel
Kurdish. ^Syriac.
kharj, masarif masrap
iafsir kir, hal mpusheqle
gotin
agir da
agir girt,
taqandin
mushqille nu a
shqille nura
la idi dawlat
henartin
nshavag, yen- pesh qsbm.{'prep.).m-
thaga(vdanki, shan ta
yevaln)
maqijvochkhar meh 'erba, wana
achq chav *aina
extinguish marel
face
faithful
fall
yeres
havadarim
ihnal
mirandin, mchanie
kuzhdin,
tifandin
ru, damuchav patha
rast
ketin
amm
npille
family
undaniq
khan
baitha
famous
hrrchagavor,
mashhur, khu-
■ mushhur
anvani
dan nav
fanatical
molerrant
muta'assib
muta*a§sil
far
herrou
dur
rahiiqa
farm
akarag
mazra'ah
zrota
farmer
akaraga-kordz
jotyar, renj-
bar, zari'
aqaradar
farriei
baydarr
na'alband
na'alband
fat (adj.)
ker, kiroug
qalao, wiz
qshita,
shamina
358
English.
fat {n.)
father
favour {n.)
fear {v.)
feast
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
Persian.
Arabic.
dihn, semen
ab
fadhlah
pidar
iltifat
Turkish .
baba, peder
kerem
khaf, yakhaf tarsidaii; tars qorqmaq
' azimah id ziyaf et
February
feeble
ferry (w.)
fertile
fetch
fever
few
field
fig
fight {v.)
fight {n.)
Shubat
dha'if
ma'eber
mukhsib
ja bi-, yaji bi-
sakhunah
qalil
mazra*ah
tinah {"pl. tin)
ta* arak,
yata'arak ;
taharab,
yataharab
*arkah
Shubat
za'if
ma'bar,
guzar-gah
hasil-khiz
Shubat
quvetsiz
gechid yeri
bereketli
awurdan, ar getir
tab sitma
kam az
chaman tarla
anjir injir
jang kardan, muharebe et-
kun mek
jang
file (of soldiers) saff {'pl. suf uf )
fill teres, yitras
filled
ghavgha, mu-
harebe
filly
find
finger
finish (v.)
matrus
muhrah
wajad, yojad
usbu' {fl.
asabi')
khalla?, yu-
khallis ; kem-
mel
radif, qitar sira
pur kardan, doldurmaq
kun
purshuda [or dolu
mamlu)
madeh kurreh qisraq tai
yaftan, yab bulmaq
angusht parmaq
tamam kardan bitirmek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
359
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
fat {n.)
djarb
father
hayr
bab
baba, kakka
favour {n.)
shnorh, barkev ihsan, minnat.
, shapaqat
lutf
fear (v.)
vakhnal
tersin
zdele
feast
' don, zvard-
'id, bairam
'ida (eccles.)
; anal, oudel
(days); da-
ihmel (i. e.
wat, ziafat
' eat and
(merry)
drink ')
February
Pedrvar
Sibat
Eshwat
feeble
dgar, nihar
bewazh, kuh,
zabun
zabun
ferry (n.)
navag, last
garni, kalak
gamiya,
qayegh
fertile
pareper, arka-
mukhsib,
tayana
vant
khosh-'ard
fetch
perel, danel
inand
miithele
fever
dent, jerm
ta
shatha
few
qich, sagav
hindik, pechak
(things only)
: khacha
field
tashd, dasht,
dasht, charam
chamma, haqla
fig
touz
hezhir, hinjir
tina, tene
fight (v.)
grrvel, bader-
sharr kir
ewedhle sharre,
azmel
palish
fight {n.)
grriv
file (of soldiers) gark, sharq
fill Itsnel
filled
filly
find
finger
finish (v.)
letsvadz, let-
soun
mdroug (tzi)
kdnel
mad
sharr, jang 'sharre
saff zoga d-soldati
tezhi kir, purr mlele
kir
tazhi melya
juani muhertha
dit, paida kir machiq
tili, amust subeta
gadarel, Imnt- khalas ki'rin, pariq
snel tamam kirin
360
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
fire(w.)
nar
atish
atesh
fire-place
bukhari
bukhari
ojaq
fire-wood
tiatab
hizam
odun
firing line
e§-9aif el-awwal saff-i-auwal
atesh safi, atesh
firm
thabit, qawi
ustuwar, paya
dar, muh-
kam
yeri
- siqi
fish (w.)
semek, semech
{sing, sem-
cheh)
mahi
baliq
flag
beraq {pi.
bayariq)
bairaq
bairaq
flat
'adil, musattah hamwar, mu-
diiz, yasi
sattah
flea
burghuth {pi.
baraghith)
kak
pire
flee
harab, yahrub
gurikhtan,
qachmaq
or inhezem,
guriz
yenhezim
fleet
u^tul
jihazat-i-jangi
: donanma
flesh
lahm
gusht
et
flock {n.)
qatr
galleh
siiru
flood {n. : see
zod (overflow)
sailab
sel, feyezan
also tide)
floor
ardhiyah
zamTn
dusheme,.
daban
flour
tahin
ard
un
flower
warad {pi.
wurud)
gul
chichek
fly (n.)
dhabanah {pi.
dhabban)
magas
sinek
fly {V.)
tar, yatir
paridan, par
iichmaq
fog
dhabab
meh
duman, sis, pus
follow tibi', yitba* *aqab raftan, arqasina gel-
rau mek, ardina
gelmek
English.
6.ve{'n.)
fire-place
fire-wood
firing line
firm
fish (n.)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
Armenian. Kurdish.
361
grag agir
varraran biklieri
varrelapayd hizh, chilka,
dar
gragi sahman arde sharr
amour, bind zakhm rraq,
qawi
tzoug
masi
Syriac.
nura
biklieriye
qaise, hatab
duktha
d-sharre
khailana
uunta
flat
flea
{V.)
troshag bairaq baidaq
dapag, harth dasht, sawi shtiiia
lou kaich peruana
pakhil ravi *reqle
fleet navadorm,
dormigh
flesh mis
flock (n.) hod
flood {n. : see heghegh,
also tide) chrheghegh
floor
flour
flower
fly {n.)
fly (v.)
fog
follow
aliur
dzaghig
janj
gosht
tarsh, garan
tufan, sar
hadde ave
'ard
ar, ard
gul
be^ra
tarsha
sel
ar'a
tkhuna
warda, chuchag
maish, muz didwa
trrchel, trril ferrin tere
mshoush, mar- mizh, tam khepiitha
rakhough
hedevel legal or lepa izelle bathre
hatin
362
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic,
Persian.
TurJcish.
food
ekl, ta'am
khurak
yeyejek, yemek
foot
rijl {fl. rijul) ;
qadam, pa
ayaq; yayan
qadam
(on foot)
(measure)
footpath
sikkah, darb
rah-i-kSchak
meslek, choban
yolu
for—
li-khatir
barayi
-ichin {follow'
ing word)
for me
li
barayi-man
benim-ichin
for thee
lek
barayi-tu
senin-ichin
for him
luh
barayi-ii
anin-ichin
for her
leha
barayi -ii
anin-ichin
for us
lena
barayi-ma
bizim-ichin
for you
lekum
barayi-shuma sizin-ichin
for them
lehum
barayi-ishan
anlar-ichin
forbid
mena', yimna'
qadaghan, qa-
yasaq etmek.
or naha,
dagh or man'
etme deyi
yanha
kardan, kun
tenbih etmek
ford {n.)
makhadhah,
mu'eber
guzar-gah
gechid
forecastle
gemi bashi
qamarasi
foreigner
ejnabi
ajnabi
ejnebi
forest
ghabah, zor
jangal, bisheh
orman
forget
nesi, yinsa
faramush
kardan, kun
onutmaq
forgive
*afa 'an, ya'fu
bakhshidan,
baghishlamaq,
'an
bakhsh
'afv etmek
fork
chingal,
shokah
changal
chatal
formerly
gabl, sabi'qan
sabiqa
sabiqa, evvelje
fort
qal'ah
qal'a
qal'e
fortifications
istihkamat
hisar-ha
istihkyamat
fortify
istahkam,
istihkam
istihkyam
yastahkim
dadan, deh
etmek
fortunate
hadhidh
nik-bakht
bakhtyar
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
363
English. Armenian, Kurdish, Syriac.
food snount, gera- khwarin, tesht ikhala
gour
foot vodq pe aqla
footpath
shavigh
for —
hamar
bo,li
ta, qa, li
for me
intz hamar
bomin
tali, qati
for thee
qez hamar
bota
talokb, qa
tokh
for him
anor hamar
bowi
tale, qate
for her
anor hamar
bowi
talah, qata
for us
mez hamar
boma
talan
for you
tzez hamar
bowa
talaukhun
for them
anontz hamar
bowan
talaihi
forbid
arkilel
haram kir
muhrimle
ford [n.)
hegheghad,
houn kedi
borr, derbaz
borre
forecastle
verin masn
khelats navi
foreigner
odaragan
Gharib, ya-
banchl
niikhraya
forest
andarr
ghabah,
tarrash
ghabah
forget
morrnal
zhbir chon
nshele
forgive
nerel
zhe bhurtin,
'af u kirdin
shweqle
fork
padarrakagh,
chatal
changal
chengala
formerly
gankhav
paishin, barin
b-qamaitha
fort
amrots
qala, chapar
sangar
fortifications
amroutiunq,
pert
amratsnel
chapar
chapare
fortify
istihkam kir
muzkhimle
fortunate
pakhtavor
khudan-bakht
. mar gada
364
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
fowl
dajajah
murgh
tawuq
fox
tha'lab {pi
tha'alib)
rubah
tilki
France
Fransa
Firanseh
Fransa
free {adj.)
hurr
azad
ser-best
free (gratis)
,bi-lash
msi]ja.m {adj .)
badi-hava
freight (cargc
») himl
bar-e kashti
yiik
freight
nol
kiraya
nevl
(charges)
Frenchman
Fransawi
Fransawi
Fransiz
fresh
jadid, tazi'
tazeh
taze
Friday
Yom el-
jum'ah
Jum'ah
Jum'a giinii
friendly
muhibb
diistaneh
dost
frighten
khawwaf, yu-
tarsanidan,
qorqutmaq
khawwif
tarsan
from —
min
az
-dan {following
the noun)
from me
minni
az man
ben-den
from thee
min nek
az tu
sen-den
from him
minnuh
az u
an-dan
from her
minha
az u
an-dan
from us
minna
az ma
biz-den
from you
minkum
az shuma
siz-den
from them
minhum
az Tshan
anlar-dan
frontier
hadd {pi.
hudud)
sar-hadd
hudud
frost
jalid
yakh
qiraghi, don
fruit
thamar,
fakihah {pi.
fawakilj)
miweh
meive, yemish
fuel
fahm ; hatab
sukhtani,
odun, atesh
(wood)
himeh
odunu
full
matrus
pur
dolu
funeral
jinazah
janaza (or
tadfin)
jenaze
funnel (of shit
>) madkhanah
dudkash
baia
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
365
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
fowl
hav
mirrishk
kthaitha
fox
aghves
ruvi
tela
France
Fransa
Fransa
Faransa
free {adj.)
azad
aza, sarbast
aza
free (gratis)
tzri, iokh
balash, khurr;
ai herwa
freight (cargo) navou per
bar
tana d-gami
freight
navou vartzq
masarif, haqq haqa d-tana
(charges)
[' navioun '
(Turkish)]
Frenchman
Fransatsi
Faransawi
Faransaya
fresh
tharm
taza, nu, tarr
khatha, tarra
Friday
Ourpath
Aine, Jumah
:6ruta
friendly
paregamagan
bdostahi
b-khiirutha
frighten
vakhtsnel
tersandin
muzdele
from —
{not in use se-
parately)
zh
min
from me
intzme
zhmin
minni
from thee
kezme
zhta
minnokh
from him
anke, anorme
zhwi
minneh
from her
anke, anorme
zhwl
minnah
from us
mezme
zhma
minnan
from you
tzene
zhwa
minnaukhu
from them
anontsme
zhwan
minnaihi
frontier
sahman
senur, sarhadd sinur
frost
yeghiam, sarr-
namaniq
jamid
jalid, qaraziva
fruit
bdough
mewah
pere, t'unta,
yekdana
fuel
varreliq
full
li, letsoun
tizhi, ter
milya
funeral
taghman
jannaza, qabr.
, tishmishta
shin
funnel (of
ship)
366
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
further
ab'ad
durtar
daha uzaq
fuse {n.)
fatilah {pi. fa-
tayil)
fatileh
fetil
gale
zoba'ah,
tufan, bad-i-
firtina
fortunah
shadid
gallop {v.)
rakadh.
char na'l
dort na'al
yarkudh or
raftan
gitmek
tarad, yutarid
garden
bustan {pi.
basatin)
bagh
baghche
garrison
muhafadhah
sakhlu
mustahfizin
'askeri
gate
bab {pi. ab-
wab)
darwazeh
qapu
gazelle
ghazal {pi.
ghazlan)
ghazal
jeyran
gazette
jaridah
ruz-nama
ghazeta
gear
gelding
general
generous
gentle
German
Germany
get
get up (rise)
ghee
churgh es-
sinun
hisan mukhsi
mushir, qa'id
karim
latlf
Almani
Almanya
hassal, yuhas-
sil
gam, yagum
dihn
rakht, asbab
bar-gir,
akhteh
sardar
sakhi
aletler,
taqim
idish at, beigir
feriq, qoman-
dan
jumerd
narm,mulayim mulayim
Almani Aleman
Alman
yaftan, yab
bar khastan,
khiz
ranghan
Alemanya
almaq, nail
etmek, yetish-
mek,
qalqmaq
dihn, yagh
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
367
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
further
aveli, aveli
durtir (dis-
zoda
herrou
tance), galak
tir, purtir (ir
addition)
I
fuse (w.)
baythoutsich
gale
potorig
tiifan
karapech, to-
TkQnQ
gallop (v.)
qarrasmpakel
bezandin
UaiLicb
mutrele
garden
bardez
baghcha, bis-
tan
bagcha
garrison
bahaban zorq
'askare qala
qarawul
gate
tarbas
derga, dari
tar'a
gazelle
vit
asik, ghazal
ghazala
gazette
Irakir (news-
gazeta, rozh-
gazeta
paper) ; bash
- nama
donagan tsou
-
tsag (official
list)
gear
sbasq, gaz-
alat, khirrii-
alitiatha
madzq
mirr
gelding
vortzad (nerqi-
nialsial tzi)
bargil
bargila
general
zoravar
sar'askar
sar*askar
generous
vehantzn, ara
mard, dilma-
libba ptukha
datzerrn
zin, juamer
gentle
azniv
narm, khwash
nikha
German
Kermanatsi
Almani
Almnaya
Germany
Kermania
Almanya
Almanya
get
tserrq perel
paida kirin
mhu^elle meyi
get up (rise)
yelnel
rabi
qimle
ghee
yegh
riin, kara
qalandi
mishkha
368
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian,
Turhish.
girl
bint (pi.
banat)
dukhtar
qiz
girth
bat an
tang
qolan
give
a'ta, yu'ti ;
anta; yanti
dadan, deh
vermek
give in
istaslam,
taslim
teslim-olmaq
(surrender)
yastaslim
shudan, shau
glad
farhan, masrur
khush-hal
memniin
glass (of win-
• jam
shisha
jam
dow)
glass (for
glas, shushah
piyaleh
qadeh
drinking)
gloves
kufuf (sing.
keff)
rah, yaruh ;
dastkash-ha
eldiven
go-
raftan, rau
gitmek
safar, yusafir
(on a jour-
ney)
go away
rah
rawaneh
gitmek
(in fin.)
shudan, shau
go away
ruh, emshi
bi-ro, gum-
git, qach
(imper.)
shau
go in
dakhal, yid-
dakhil shu-
icheri-gitmek,
khal
dan, shau
girmek
go out
kharaj, yakh-
birun raftan,
chiqmaq
ruj
rau
go (of machine)mesha, yimshi
kar kardan
ishlemek
goat
tes (he-goat) ;
*anzah (she-
goat) : ma'az
(collect.)
buz
kechi
God
Allah
Khuda
Allah
gold
dheheb
zar, tala
altun
good
tayyib, zen
khub
eyi, giizel
good-bye (to
fi aman Allah
Khuda hafiz
allaha 'smar-
friend depart
- or ma* a 's-
ladiq
ing) selameh
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
369
English.
girl
girth
give
give in
glad
Armenian.
aghcliig
pog, gab
dal
antznadour
linel
ourakh
glass (of win- abagi(badou-
dow) hani)
glass (for pazhag
drinking)
gloves tzerrnots
go—
yertal
Kurdish.
kicb, kanishk
bartang
dan
taslim kir
dilkbwash,
shad
shusha, jam
tarar, shiishah
lapik, shelik
chon
Syriac.
brata
tanga
iwelle, yawel
msulemle
p^ikha, khadia
shusha
kasa
bra'idhatha,
lapikkatha
izelle
go away
(infin.)
go away
(imper.)
go in
go out
herranal zhdarva chon npiqle
kna ! heratsir ! birau, harra, pliit
darkava
ners yertal hatindare iwere
tours yertal chonzhdar
go (of machine) knal, sharzhil, chun
yertal, megnil
goat aydz bizin
npiqle baraye
palikh
God
Asdvadz
gold
vosgi
good
pari
Khuda, Khude Alaha
zer dahwa
chaka, basha, tawa, randa
qanj
good-bye (to mnas parov bakhaterata push b-shayna
friend depart- (swgr.), mnak
ing) parov (;)Z.),
A a
370
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic. Persian,
Turkish.
(reply)
Allah yessel-
limek or Allah
yibfadhak
oghurlar olsun
goose
wazzah, battah qaz
qaz
govern
liakam 'ala, hukumat
yahkam kardan
idare etmek
government
hakumah daulat
hukumet
governor's
idarat el- mahall-i-huku
- qonaq
office
hukumah mat
grain (corn)
habubat, ta*am ghalla
boghdai
grapes
'anab
angur
uzum
grass
hashish
giyah
6t
grateful
shakir,mimnur
I haqq-shinas,
shakur
miiteshekkir
grease («.)
dihn
charbi
yagh
great
*adhim
buzurg
biiyiik
greatcoat
palto, *aba
(of Arab)
bala pushi
qapot, palto
greedy
tamma*
haris, azmand
ach-gozlii
green
akhdhar
sabz
yeshil
greet
sellem 'ala,
tahiyeh kar-
selam-vermek
yusellim 'ala
dan, kun or sa
lam kardan,
kun
grey
eshheb, ramadi khakistari
kir, boz, gumu-
shii
]
greyhound
salugi
tazi
tazi
grocer
baqqal
baqqal
baqqal
groom
sais {pi. sayyas) mehtar
se'is
ground {n.)
ardh,ga'
zamin
yer
(run agrouD
d) sheleh, yish-
bi-rigrandan •
oturmaq
lah
(trans.),
bi-rig khurdan ^
{intrans.)
l
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
371
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
(reply)
yertas parov
(sing.), yertaq
parov (pi.)
goose
sak
qaz, sona
qaza
govern
ishkliel, gara-
varel
hukm kirin
mhakim
government
garavaroutiun
hukiimat
hukma
governor's
garravar-
sarai
sarai
ojeace
chadoun
grain (corn)
tsoren (i. e.
wheat) ; serm
dan, dindik
dakhla
(i.e.seed);meg
had (i.e. one
grain)
grapes
khaghogh
tiri
'inwi
grass
khot
gia
gilla
grateful
yerakhtaked
shekerdar
shakara
grease (n.)
jarb
chaor, qalao
mishkha
great
medz
mazin, gaura
rraba
greatcoat
hasd verargou
sako, aba
'abayah, sako
greedy
shadager, dza-
gachq
tamakar
kisana
green
ganach
shin, kask
yariiqa
greet
parevel, vogh-
salam da
drele shlama
chounel
.
grey
korsh, mokhra
koyn (grey-
coloured)
- boz, spi
gora, khwara
greyhound
vorsi shoun
tazhi
tazi
grocer
nbaravadjar
baqal
buqal
groom
tziaban
mihtar, saiyis
metar
ground {n.)
kedin, yergir
ard
ar*a
(run agrouB
d) khradz, god-
gami la-akh
radz
katin
A a
372
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
grow (raise)
zara*, yisra'
ruyanidan
cliiqarmaq, ek
mek (sow)
guard (n.)
haris, natui
qaravul
qavas, bekji
guide {n.)
dalil
rahbar
qulawuz {pron
qla-uz), yol
gosteriji
guide {v.)
hada, yahdi or
rahnuma'i,
yol gostermek,
dell, yadill
kardan, kun
delalet etmek
guilty
mudhnib
muqassir
qabaliatli
gulf
khalij
khallj
korfez
gun (cannon)
madfa' {pi.
tup
top
madafi') or top
{pi. atwap)
gun (machine)
rashshash
tiip-e musalsal mitralyuz
gunboat
gunner
gunpowder
gypsum
ghanbot
topchi {pi. tUpclii
topchiyah)
barud barut
juss abak
ghanbot
topji
barut
had (I)
hail {n.)
hair
hairdresser
half
halt (v)
halt {imper.)
halter {n.)
hammer {n.)
hammer {v.)
kan *andi
halub
sha'r
muzeyyin
nuss
wagaf, yogif
ogaf
reshmah
matraqah
daqq, yaduqq
dashtam
tagai g, tagar
mui
salmani
nisf
wa istadan,
ist
bi-ist
afsar
chakush
benim (bende)
varidi
dolu
sach
muzeyin
yarim, yari,
buchuq
durmaq
dur
yular
chekij
kubidan, kiib chaqmaq
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
373
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
glow (raise) hastsnel, medz- hishinanin, mamti
tsnel ruanin
{trans.), his-
hin boin
{intrans.)
I
guard (n.)
bahnert, baha-
paswan, qa-
natrana
ban
ranil
guide {n.)
arrachnort,
oughetsujrts
dalil, sharazai
dam
guide (v.)
arrachnortel
rria nishan da
mukhzele
urkha
guilty
hantsavor
gunahkar
gunahkar
gulf
dzots, khorsh
gun (cannon)
thntanot
top
top
gun (machine]
meqenagan
top khudan
topang lAashi-
hratsan
charkh
naya
gunboat
thntanotanav
gunner
thntatzik
topchi
topchi
gunpowder
varrot
darman, borud tiza, darman
gypsum
pourr, kadj ;
alchi (Turk-
ish)
gaij, jas
gech
had (I)
ounetsadz
hain (v.), min
ithwali
ha-bii (I had)
hail
gargoud
tairk, zipek
bardha
hair
maz
mu, par
mezze
hairdresser
saprich
muzayyin
muqritana
d-mizta
half
ges
niv
pelga
halt {v.)
gank arrnel
rawastan,
dainan
mutule, klele
halt {imper.)
getsir
rawusta, be
sakkina
kli, (pi.) klimuu
halter (n.)
tzion gab
liafsar
niikhta
hammer {n.)
mourj
chakuch
chakuch
hammer (v.)
tarpnel
daq kir
mduqiqle
374
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
hand
yed or id (p?.
edi)
dast
el
hand grenade
qumbalat el-
khumpare-yi-
el-qumbarasi
ved (pZ.qana-
dast
bil el-yed)
handkerchief
kefiyah, mendil dastmal
mendil
hang up
'allaq.
awikhtan,
asmaq
yu'alliq
awiz
happy
farhan
kamran
mesrur
harbour
mina {pi. ma-
wani), banda]
bandar
liman
hard
qawi
sakht, sift
sert, qati
harlot
gahbah
junda
rospi, fahishe
harvest {n.)
hasad (season);
dirau ; hasil
mahsul (crop);
hasil (pro-
(crop)
bichim vaqiti
•
duce)
(season)
hastily
bil-^ajel
shit ab ana
ajele ile
hat
shefqah
kulah
shapqa
hate (v.)
kereh, yikrah
karahiyat
*adavet etmek,
kardan,
ikrah etmek,
kun
sevmemek
have —
{pronominal
dashtan, dar
{pronominal
suffix added
suffix added
to preposition
to the thing
' and, meaning
possessed.
*with')
followed by
yar)
1 have
*andi
daram
-im var
thou hast
'andek
dari
-in var
he has
*anduh
darad
-i {or si), var
she has
'andeha
darad
-i (or si), var
we have
*andena
darim
-imiz var
you have
'andekum
darid
-iniz var
they have
'andehum
darand
-leri (or lari)
have not
ma 'andi, &c.
na-dashtan.
var
yoq {used like
na-dar
var)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
375
English.
hand
hand grenade
handkerchief
hang up
happy
harbour
hard
harlot
harvest (n.)
hastily
hat
hate (v.)
have —
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
tzerq dast idha
tzerrqi rroump,
rrmpag
tashkinag dasmal, kafiya yalikhta
gakhel halawistin, . tlele
awiz kir
ourakh, zvart, khwosh, dil- khadiya
yerchanig sevik
navahankisd mina
gardzr sakht, rraq qeshya, sart
hanragin, tsop qahba zanita
Cpoz', vulgar)
hountzq, arti- hasad, khar- khizda
unq man, dirun
shoudov, adja- blazzi jeldi
baranoq
klkharg barnaita, klao kiisita
franji
adel waki dizhmin snele
girt
ounenal
{use 'prep. ith)
I have
ounim
min haya
itti, ith 11
thou hast
ounis
ta haya
ittokh
he has
ouni
au haya
itte
she has
ouni
au haya
ittah
we have
ouninq
ma haya
ittan
you have
ouniq
wa haya
ittaukhu
they have
ounin
wan haya
ittai, ithlhun
lave not
ch'ounenal
min nina, &c
latti
376
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
have you ?
*andek ?
aya mi-darid
? -iniz var-mi ?
hay
qishsh, tibn
giyah-i-
quru ot
khushkburma
he
hua
u
0
head
ra's [fl. ru'us)
sar
bash
headache
waja' ra's
dard-i-sar
bash aghrisi
headland
ra's {fl. ru'us)
ras
burun
head-quarters
markaz
markaz-i-
ordu merkezi
sipah-salar
healthy
heap {n.)
heap up
hear
heart
heat (v.)
heat (n.)
heavy
hell
helm
help (v.)
help [n.)
her
herd {n.)
here
hide {trans.)
hide {intrans.
high
saghlam
muta'afi, sahi tandurust,
chagh
komah tiideh yighin
kawwam, tudeh kardan, yighmaq
yukawwim kun
semi*, yisma' shunidan, ishitmek
shunau
qalb {pi. dil yiirek, giiniil
qulub)
ahma, yuhmi garm kardan, isitmaq
kun
harr, hararah garma hararet, sijaq
thaqil sangin aghir
jahennam diizakh jihennem
sakkan sukkan dumen
sa'ad, yusa'id madad dadan, yardim-etmek
deh
musa'adah yawari yardim
-eha, -ha, -a ona
{suffix)
qatr galleh siirii
hina inja buraya, burada
akhfa, yukhfi panhan kar- saqlamaq,
dan, kun gizlemek
ikhtafa, yakh- panhan saqlanmaq,
tafi shudan, shau gizlenmek
'all buland yiikjsek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
377
English.
have you ?
hay
he
head
headache
headland
head-quarters
healthy
heap {n.)
heap up
hear
heart
heat {v.)
heat {n.)
heavy
hell
helm
help {v.)
help {n.)
her
herd {n.)
here
hide {trans.)
hide {intrans.)
high
Armenian Kurdish.
ouniq ? ouniq ta haya ?
touq?
khod gia, ka
Syriac.
gallo ittokh ?
ith lakun ?
tuna, gila
awa, o
resha
mara d-resha
an, aniga o
kloukh sar
klkhatsav darde sar
sar, saravant shakh, halat romta
sbayaguydi
vayr, zorad-
deghi
arroghj sakh, saghlam saghlam, sakh
tez, guyd shkerr kumah, shkerra
tizel, goudagel sar da, takwim mkuwimle
kir
behistin
Isel
sird
dagtsnel
dagutiun
dzanr
tzhokhq.
glieg
oknel
oknoutiun
anor
nakhir
hos, asd
thaqtsunel,
dzadzgel
thaqchil,
dzadzgvil
partzr
dil
garm kir
garm
giran
jehannam,
duzha
hari da
hari, yari
garan, ran
harah, era
washartin
bilind
shmele
libba
mushkhenne
khemma
yaqura
gihena
'inne, mheyir
'aun
-ah (suffix)
buqra
akha, lakha
mtushele
tshele
rrama
378
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
highroad darb sultan i, rah, shah-rah jadde (yol)
tariq
high water medd el-moi madd-i-darya, meddi kyamil,
deniz qabar-
masi
hill tell {pi. tulul) kuh, tappeh tepe
hillock tell saghir kuh-i-kuchak tepejik, hiiyiik
hilly dhat tulul past u buland inishli-
yoqushlu
him -uh, -hu (suffix) u-ra, -ash ona {dat.),
(suffix) onu (ace.)
himself nefsuh khudash kendi
hinder mena', man'kardan, braqmamaq,
yimna' kun mani' olmaq
hire (n.) karwah kiraya qira
his -uh,-h\i (suffix) y -i-vi,-Sish(suffix) onun
maluh
hit (v.) dharab, ya- zadan, zan vurmaq
dhrab (strike) ; (strike) ;
sab, yasib (of deimek (of
mark) . mark)
hither ila hina bi-inja biiraya
hobbles (n.) *iqal pa-band
hold (v.) mesek, yim- giriftan, gir tutmaq, yiqala-
sak maq
hold (contain) wasa', yasa* gunjayish almaq; sigh-
dashtan, dar maq (to be
contained)
hold (a posi- hama, yuhami nigah dashtan, tiitmaq
tion) dar
hold out dam, yadiim mudawamat dayanmaq
kardan, kun
hold (of ship) *ambar ambar-ekashti, anbar
(n.) khan-e kashti
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
379
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish
Syriac
highroad
arahed,
arqouni
jampa
rria, shahri
urkha
highwater
maguntatsou-
tiun (partzr
choiirn)
hill
plour
girik, harda,
chia
tella, rumta
hillock
plrag
hilly
plrayin
khudan chia
qaraj
him
zaniga {ace),
anor {dat.)
au
awa, -h {suifix)
himself
noyninqn,
inr( ni n
bekhwa
ganeh
hinder
ixiu mix
khapanel,
man' kir
mni'le
arkelq linel
•
hire {n.)
vartzel, gashar
rel
kira, kire ^
keri
his
anor
wi
diye, -h {suffix)
hit {v.)
zarnel
leda, lekhest
qUile
hither
ays degh
Ihara, lera
lakha
hobbles in,)
vodnaeab
kuba
Mtwe
(tziou)
hold {v.) prrnel
hold (contain) barounagel
girtin
erele, dawiq
hold (a posi- kravel mhumele
tion)
hold out timanal, dogal thabat kir, msubere, dimle
dast girt
hold (of ship) bahateghi ambar gami
in.)
^ These two words should be well pronounced in order to avoid the
use of a bad word ; the way to do it is to skip over i and to stress a or e.
380
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
hole
nugrah {pi.
nugar)
surakh
delik
honest
sadiq, amin
durust-kar,
amm
doghru
honour {n.)
namus, sharf ;
abru
shan, sheref,
ikram (re-
namus
spect)
/
hook
chingal {pi.
chanagil) ;
shuss (fish
hook)
qullab
chengel
hope {n.)
rija, eml
umid
iimid
hope {v.)
raja, yarju
umid dashtan
dar
, iimid etmek
horse
husan (2??. husn) asp
at
horseman
khayyal
suvar
atli
horseshoe
na'al
na'l
na'al, at deniiri
hospital
musteshfa,
bimar-khaneh
khasta-khane
khastakhanah
hostile
mudhadd,
dhudd
dushman
diishmen
hot
harr (of things
or weather) ;
mushawwib
(of persons)
garm
sijaq
hour
sa'ah
sa'at
sa'at
house
bet(pZ.buyut),
hosh
khaneh
ev, khane
how
shlon, shqad
che taur
nasi
how much
shqadr ; besh
cheh qadar
ne qadar ; qach
(of price)
(of price)
how many
kam
chand
qach tane
hull (of ship)
jised
tana
tekne
hungry
jo'an
gurasneh
ach
hurry {n.)
'ajalah
'ajaleh
'ajele
hurry (v.)
ista 'jal, yas-
dast-pacheh
shudan, shau
'ajele etmek
ta 'jil
husband
zoj
shauhar
qoja, erkek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
381
Armenian.
dzag
bargeshd
Kurdish.
kuna
Syriac.
nuqba
rast, dilpak kena, dus
badiv, medza- iiamus, awru qudra
ranq (chastity) ;
qadr, iqbal
(dignity)
jang, gerr changal, qullaf qullaba
buys
emud, hivi
emud, hiwi
housai
emud or raja
itte emud (' he
kir
has hope ')
tzi
hasp
susa
tziavor
suwar, khayyal rakawa
bayd, bayd
nal
na'la .
tziou
hivantanots
khastakhana,
niaristan
hakunkhana
tsbnamagan
dizhmen,
nayar
dizhmen
daq (water) ;
garm
khamima
doth (air)
zham
sa'at
sa'at, shetha
doun
mal, khani
baitha
how inchbes, inchou
how much vorchap
how many vorqan, qani
hull (of ship) navou marmin
anothi
shdab, shoud
pouthal,
shdabel
amousin
chawa, kusa, dakhi
chlun
chand, chitof k-ma
chand, chitof k-ma
tanae gami
bersi kpina
lazi, 'ajalah 'ajalah
lazi or 'ajalah mqulqille
kir
mer, shu gaura
382
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English,
hut
I
ice
if
ignorant
ill •
illness
immediately
impossible
imprison
impudent
in
inconvenient
increase
(trans.)
increase
(intrans.)
India
Indian
indigestion
infantry-
infectious
infidel (i.e.
non-Moslem)
inform
Arabic, Persian. Turkish.
sarifah (of kappar, kap- qulube
mats) par-e hasir-
push
ana man ben
thelj yakh buz
idha, in agar eyer
jahil jahil, na-dan jahil, ma'lu-
matsiz
maridh, waj'an na-khush kbasta, keif-
siz
maradh, waj' na-khushi, khastaliq
bimari
hessa, bis- fauri der'aqab
sa*ah I
muhall, musta- ghair mumkin olmaz, mumkin
hil or mustahil deyil
habas, yahbis habs kardan, habs etmek,
kun babsa atmaq
waqih shukh, bi- edebsiz, kiis-
sbarm takh
fi, bi dar -da {suffix)
mu muwafiq na-munasib miinasibetsiz,
sikindili
zad, yazid afzudan, afza artirmaq, cho-
ghaltmaq
izdad, yazdad afzudan, afza artmaq, cho-
ghalmaq
Bilad el-Hind Hindustan Hindustan
Hindi Hindi Hindli
tukbmah, jali sii-i-liazm su'i bazm
piyadah
sari, mu'di
sarbaz-i-
piyadeh
sari
piyade 'asker
bulashiq (per-
son) ; sari
(disease)
giaur
kafir (pi. kuf- kafir
far)
akbbar, khabar dadan, bildirmek
yukhbir deh
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
383
English, Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac,
hut dnag kepir, qaprana qiiprana
I
ice
if
ignorant
ill
illness
immediately
impossible
imprison
impudent
in
inconvenient
increase
{trans.)
increase
{intrans.)
India
Indian
indigestion
infantry
infectious
yes
sarouts, sarr
yethe
dked, anous
hivant
hivandoutiun
anmichabes,
isguyn
angareli
pandargel
lirp, anzkam
i, mech
anharmar
shadtsnel
shadnal
Hndgastan
Hndig
anmarsoghou-
tiun
hedevag, hede-
vagazor
varagich
az, min
bafr, sahul
agar, haka
nazan
nasakh
nasakhi, esh
zujblaz (quick-
ly) ; warina,
herista
nabi, nawu,
ghair mumkin
bapis kir, dii-
sakh kir
behaya
niv, nao
na munasib
ziada kir
zaid or galak
or mazin bii
Hindustan
Hindi
payada
sari
ana
gdila
in
nazani, jabil
kriha, mari'a
kurhana, mar'a
• alba'al
la baraya,
na-mumkin
hbesle
d-la nekhpa
b-go, b-gav, b-
{prefix)
la munasib
miizedle
zidle
Hind
Hindwaya
paiyada
matepiana, sari
infidel
inform
anoren, anha- kafir, gawir, kapura
vad be-din
imatsnel khabar da mukhbere
384
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
information
in front
in front of
in future
ink
inlet
inn
innocent
insane
inside
inspect
inspector
instruction
Arabic.
khabr
quddam,
quddam,
fil-mustaqbil
hibr
khalij saghlr
khan {pi.
khanat)
beri
ma j nun
dakhil, jowa
fettesb, yu-
fettish
mufettish
ta'lim
Persian.
ittila*
pish
pish-i-
dar ayandeh
murakkab
khalij -i-
kuchak
karvan-sara}^
bi-gunah
divana
Turkish.
khaber
ileri
on ( + suffix) de
bundan sonra,
atida
miirekkeb
aghiz, boghaz,
qoi
khan
qabahatsiz,
ma'siim
deli
andarun, dar ichinde
mulahaza kar- yoqlamaq
dan ; naza-
rat kardan
(in sense of
* superintend')
nazir mufettish, yoq-
lamaji
tarbiyat ta'lim
insult {v.)
insult (n.)
Intelligence
Department
intelligent
intend
interpret
interpreter
ahan, yuhin
ihanah
Dayirat el-
mukhabarat
'aqil
qasad, yaqsad
or nawa,
yanwi
terjam, yuter-
jim
tarjuman
ihaneh kar- haqaret etmek
dan, kun
ihaneh haqaret
idara-ye akh- Dayirat el-
bar mukhabarat
hushdar, 'aqil 'aqlli
niyyat kardan, niyyet( + sujfix)
kun var
tarjumeh terjume etmek
kardan, kun
mutarjim terjuman
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
385
English.
information
in front
in front of
in future
ink
inlet
inn
innocent
insane
inside
inspect
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
deghegoutiun, khabor khabra
dzanotoutiun
arrchev peshin qamaya
arrchev pesh qam
abakayin pashe b-zauna d-athe
melan hober, muraken bidyuta
moudq, kborsh
bantog,
ichevan
anmegh
khan
beguna, be-
qusur
din, be-'aql
kban
kena, d-la
gnaba
shidana
kbent, khela
kar
i nersn, nersn niv, nao gawaye
qnnel, znnel mulahadha or msakbsi
mushahada
kirin
inspector
instruction
insult {v.)
insult [n.)
Intelligence
Department
intelligent
intend
interpret
interpreter
MES. I
desoucb, vera-
gatsou
telatroutiun,
hramandvou-
tiun
anarkel,
nakbadel
nakbading
Dzanotoutiun-
neri Basbdo-
na ran
ousbim,
kbelatsi
mdatrvil,
gamenal
tarkmanel
tarkman
nazir, mufat-
tisb
ifada, ta'Iim,
tanbib
kbabarr got
dizbminai,
kbabarr
khabar kbana
msakbsana
malpanutba
mgu'ere
sa'ore
mansab d-du-
rasba
aqil, tezbfam 'aqil, baunana
b'ele
kbwast, ma-
ram kir
terzumani kir
tarjuman
b
mpusbiqle
tarjaman
386
interview (n.)
into
intrigue (n.)
inundation
invasion
invent
investigation
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
muwajahah mulaqat
fi, ila dar dakhil
daslsah dasisa
feyadhan
(overflow)
dukhul
sailab
goriishme
ichine
fessad
su basmasi
hujum, takht- tejavuz
u taz
ikhtara', yakh- ikhtira' ijad etmek
tari' namudan,
numa
teftish tahqiq teftish
mvite
iron {n.)
iron {adj.)
irrigate
island
is there ?
it {nom.)
it (ace.)
its
jackal
jacket
jam
January
jetty
Jew
da'a, yad'u or
'azzam,
yu'azzim
hadid
min hadid
saqa, yasqi
jazirah {pi.
jaza'ir)
aku?
liua,huwa,hiya
-uh, -ha (-a)
{suffix)
-uh, -ha (-a)
{suffix)
wawi {pl.wsLwi'
yah)
sitrah
(Turkish)
marabba
Kanun eth-
thani
eskelah
Yahudi {pi.
Yahud)
da'wat kardan, da 'vet etmek
kun or mih-
man kardan,
kun
ahan demir
ahanln demirden
ab dadan, deh sulamaq
jazireh
hast ?
an
-i-an {suffix)
shughal
nimtana
ada
bulunur-mu ?
var-mi ?
0, ol
onu
onun
chaqal
setri, mintan
murabba rechel, tatli
Kanun-as-sani Kyanun-i-sani
iskaleh
Yahudi
iskele
Yahudi
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
387
English. Armenian. Kurdish.
interview [n.) desagtsoutiiin mulaqat
niv, la
fasadi, kaid
into i, i nerks
intrigue (w.) meqenayou-
tiun, tav
inundation
invasion
invent
Syriac.
tpaqta
b-, 1- {'prefix)
qola
sel
voghoghel, tufan, saile
heghegel ave
arshavanq hujum, kharat, wirta
azhutin
hnarel dit - khzele/ewedhle
ikhtira*
investigation khouzargou- tahqiq, pe msakhsayta
tiun, qnnou- hilandine
tiun
invite hravirel dawat kir, mkuremle,
gazi kir qrele
iron (n.)
iron {adj.)
irrigate
island
is there ?
it {nom.)
it {ace.)
its
jackal
jacket
jam
January
yergat
yergatia
vorrokel
gghzi
ayn
ad
lur
asm
av da
jazirali
ga artiog ? haya !
jetty
Jew
shnakayl
badmoudjan
jam, mouraba
Hounvar
navamaduyts
Hria
au
-wi {suffix)
chaqal
satra, elakk,
qutikk,
shapikk
murabba
Kanune sani
askalah
Juhi
prezla
d-prezla
miishqele
jazirah, ada
gallo ith ?
awa, aya
-eh, -ah {suffix)
wawi, toritha
gudda
murabba
Kanun kharaya
askalah
Hudhaya
B b2
388
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
jewel
johar {pi.
jawahir)
gauhar
mujevherat
job
shughl {pi.
ashghal)
shughl
ish giij
joiner
najjar
najjar
doghramaji
journey
sefer
safar
sefer, yoljuluq
joyful
masriir
farahnak
mesrur
judge (v.)
hakam, yah-
davari kardan
muhakeme
kam
etmek
(civil, n.)
ra'is mah-
kamah
qazi
hakim
(religious,
n.) qadhi
mujtahid
mufti
jug
ibriq
aftabeh, kuzeh desti
July
Tammuz
Tammuz
Temmiiz
jump (v.)
qafaz, yaqfiz
jastan, jeh
atlamaq
ornatt,yanutt
June
Hazlran
Haziran
Haziran
jungle
ghabah
jangal, bisheh
ormanliq
justice
'adl, insaf
'adl, insaf
doghruluq,
(equity)
huquq
jute
jinfas
kattan-e hindi
{or qunnab-e
hindi)
i jinfas
keel
ka'ab el^
markab
omurgha
keep
khalla 'and,
nigah dashtan
, saqlamaq
yukhalli 'and
dar
or hafadh,
yahfadh
kettle
ketli, jidr
ab-garm-kun,
kitri
qazan, ibriq
key
miftah
kilid
anakhtar
kick {v.)
refes, yirfus
lakad zadan,
tepmek, tekme
zan
atmaq
kid
jedi
buzghaleh
oghlaq
kill
qatal, yaqtul ;
kushtan, kush ofdiirmek,
dhebeh,
kesmek
yidhbah
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
389
English.
jewel
job
joiner
journey
joyful "
judge {v.)
(civil, n.)
(religious,
jug
July
jump {v.)
June
jungle
justice
jute
keel
keep
Armenian. Kurdish.
kohar, badva- jauhar, zinat
gan qar
kordz, zpag- shol, kar
houm
adaghtzakordz najjar
janportoutiun safar
tsndzalits, shad, dil-
ourakh shad
tadel hiukm kirin
Syriac.
kip a
d-shapaqta
shula
nujar
safar
marl khadiitha
'awid diwan
tadavor
liakim, qazi
n.) gronagan tada- qazT
vor
gouzh
Houlis
tsadgel,
vosdnoul
Hounis
andarr
artaroutiun
ganep (hemp)
kok, hadag
navi
bahel
qadi
talma, danta
Tamuz
shwerc'
ibriq, avtan
Tammuz
banz da,
jenqin
Kheziran Hziran
ghabah, jangal ghabah, tar-
rashe
'adalat kenutha, in^af
qinnab, giae
sultan
girtin
ntere
kettle
san, bdoug qazan, tenjur destitha, maqlc
key
panali
kil-ila
qdhila
kick {v.)
qatsi dal,
aqatsel
pe le dan
mkhel6 rapse
kid
oul
kar
gidhya
kill
spanel
klishtin
qtille
390
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
kiln kurah kura-ye ajur ojaq
kind {adj.) latif mihraban eyi, insaniyetli
kind (n.) jins {pi. ajnas) nau* nev', turlu,
jins
melik {pi. shall qral
muliik)
memlekali {pi. mamlakat memleket
mamalik)
bas, yabus mach kardan opmek
king
kingdom
kiss {v.)
kit (soldiers') aghradh {pi.) asbab
esbya
kitchen
knapsack
knee
knife
matbakh ashpaz-kbaneh matbakh, ash
khane
torbah asbab-dan {or chanta
chanta)
zanu diz
rukbah {pi.
rukiib)
sikkin {pi.
sakakin)
knife (pen- chakuch,
knife) qalam trash
knock (at door, daqq, yaduqq kubidan, dar chalmaq
V.) zadan
chaqu, kard bichaq
qalem trash
knot (distance) mil {pi. amyal) mil mil, deniz mili
know 'araf, ya'rif, danistan, dan bilmek
Kurdistan
dere, yidri
Kurdistan
Kurdistan
Kurdistan
lack {v.)
az, ya'iiz
kam shudan,
shau
eksik olmaq
(to be de-
*
ladder
derej
narduban
ficient) ; lazim
olmaq (to be
necessary)
merdiven
lady
khatun, sitt
khanum
hanem, khatun
lake
lamb
buherah, hor daryacheh gol
tali(pZ.tu]yan) barreh quzu
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
391
English.
kiln
kind {adj.)
kind (n.)
king
kingdom
kiss (v.)
kit (soldiers')
kitchen
knapsack
knee
knife
Armenian.
pourr
pari
takavor
takavoroutiun
hampourel,
baknel
barg (zinvorits)
khohanots
makbagh
dzoung
tanag, zmeli
Kurdish.
kur, tannur
dils 6z, hebbi
jins
sultan, kbum-
kar
daulat, mam-
lakat
mach kirin,
bosa kirin
asbab, teshte
'askar
matbakh, ash-
khanah
cheltik
zbnu, kodk,
zrani
kerek
Syriac.
kiira
mrahmana
ginsa
malka
dawelta, mal-
kiitha
nasbiq
chaki
matbakh
janta
birka
skina
knock (at door, zarnel (toure) daqq al-bab mtaptip
V.) kirin, la-
darga daqq
kirin
knot (distance) mghon
know kidnal zanin idhele, yadhe
Kurdistan Kurdistan Kurdistan Kurdistan
lack {v.) bagasil, nvazil bhauja bu sniqle
ladder
lady
santoukh
digin
stair, paizha, simalta
; )ilakan
khatun, kha- khanim
lake
lamb
karrn
nim
bahr yama
barkh barkha
392
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turlish.
lame
a'raj
lang
topal (man) ;
aqsiyor (horse)
lamp
fanus, lampah
chiragh
lampa, qandil
lance
rumh {pi.
armah)
naizeh
mizraq
land (n.)
ardh, ga'
zamm
qara (opp. to
sea) ; memle-
ket (country) ;
arazi (lands)
land {v.)
nezzel, yunezzil bi-khushki bi-
qaraya chiq-
{trans.), nezel
, runavardan
armaq(«ra»i5.),
yinzal {in-
{trans.),
qaraya chiq-
trans.)
bi-kanar ama
dar {intrans.)
L- maq {intrans.)
landing party
tali'in 'al-barr
qaraya chiqan
taqim
landlord (land) mallak
malik-e amlak miilk sahibi
(of house)
sahib
malik-e khana
. ev sahibi
language
lisan, lughah
lughat, zaban
dil, lisan
lantern
fanus {pi.
fa warns)
fanus
fener
large
kabir
buzurg
biiyiik
last
akhir ; madhi
akhir, wa-pa-
son (in a series);
(of time)
sin
gechen
late
muta'akhkhir,
mubti
dir
gech
laugh {v.)
dhahak.
khandidan.
giilmek
yadhhak
khand
laundry
maghsal
rakht-shii
chamashir-
(place) ; hu-
khana
khane
dum el-ghasil
(linen)
law
qanun {pi.
qawanin)
qaniin
qanun
martial law
hukm 'askari
qanun-e jangi
idareyi urfiye
law suit
da'wa
murafa'a
da'va
lay (place, put) hatt, yahutt
guzashtan,
qomaq,
guzar
yatirmaq
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
393
English.
lame
lamp
lance
land {n.)
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
gagh leng, kuUak shilla
lapter, lampa cliira, lampa lampa
nizag rumm, ram rumha
tsamaq, yergir 'ard
ar'a, yaushana
land (v.) tsamaq yellel la-*ard hatin shari'ul
or darbaz
boin
landing party tsamaq elnogb
khoump
landlord (land) galvadzader agha, sahib agha
mulk
(of house)
language
lantern
dander
lezou
labder
khudane mal mara bayta
ziman, azman lishana
fanus, fanar panhar
large
last
khoshorj medz
verchin
mazin, gaura raba
pashe, akhir kharraya
late
oush
drang
laugh {v.)
khndal
kani gkhekle
laundry
Ivatsaran
shushta-khana^maseta d-juli
julsho-khana
law
orenq
qanun
qanona
martial law zinvoragan hukme'askari, shar'at qoshu-
orenq qanune harb naya
lawsuit -tad da'wa sher
lay (place, put) tnel, barrgets- dainand^ hela mutiile
nel
394
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
lazy
lead (metal
adj.)
lead (metal, ».) ra^a?
Arabic. Persian.
keslaD, tembil sust, tambal
min ra§a§a surbi
surb
Turkish.
tembel
qurshun
qursbun
lead {v.)
qad, yaqiid
rah-numa'i
getirmek, ileri
kardan, kun
diishmek
leaf
warqah {pi.
barg
yapraq (tree) ;
awraq)
varaq (book)
leak (n.)
naqb, rasheh
siirakh
delik
lean {adj.)
dha'if, nahif
laghar
za'if, jiliz
learn
ta'allam,
amukhtan,
orenmek
yata'allam
amuz
lease {n.)
muddat el-
ijar ; warqat
el-ijar
yarah
ijar
leather
iild
charm, pust
meshin
leave (wimns.) rah, yaruh
. . . -den
chiqmaq
braqmaq,
leave {trans.)
tarak, yitruk
guzashtan,
guzar
terk etmek
leech
'alaqah {pi.
'alaq), duda
{pi. dud)
zalu
suluk
left {adj.)
shimal, yisar
chap
sol
leg
rijl
pa, saq
ayaq, bajaq
Legation {or
Sifarah
saf arat, saf a-
sefaret (khane)
Residency)
rat-khana
leisurely
'alakef
bi-faraghat
yavash yavash
lend
deyyan,
qarz dadan,
odiinj vermek
yudeyyin
deh or 'ariyel:
I
or agradh.
dadan, deh
yugridh
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
395
I
English. Armenian.
lazy dzuyl
lead (metal, gabaria
adj.)
lead (metal; w.) gabar (metal)
hramanada-
Kurdish. Syriac.
tembal kislan
qia, ziriji, surb min ri§a§
risa§
lead {v.)
leaf
routiun,
arrachnor-
toutium (of
army)
varel, arrach- pesh girtin, mukhwele
nortel ria nishan da urkha
derev; tought chlu, pak, terpa
leak {n.)
lean {adj.)
learn
(folio)
jeghqvatsq,
dzag
nihar
sorvil
barak (tree)
waraq, kak-
haz (paper)
kuna, kunn
larr, razhi
dasgirtin
nuqba
daqiqa, za'if
ileple, yalep
lease {n.)
vartzoum
kiri, kire,
ta'jir
hiijat
leather gashi
leave (m^raws.) mnal .
charm
helan
gilda
shweqle, trekle
leave {trans.)
thoghoul
leech
dzroug
ziiri, dizruk
'alaq, zuruwa
left tzakh
leg srounq, vot
Legation {or Tesbanadiun
Residency)
leisurely gamatsoren,
hankistoren
lend pokh dal,
shnorhel
chap chappe
pe, saq shaqa, aqla
Saf aratkhana, elchi khana
llchikhana
btanai
bdain da,
bqarz da
nikha
mduyenne
(money) ;
iwelle
(general)
396
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
length
till
dirazi
boi, uzunluq
less
aqall, naqi?
kamtar
daha az,
-dan az
letter
maktiib {pi.
maktiib,
mektiib
makatib).
nameh
risalah
{pi. rasa'il)
lettuce
khess
kahii
marul
level (adj.)
' adil (ground) ;
musattah,
diiz (of ground);
mutasawi
hamwar
doghru (even)
liberty
hurriyah
azadi
huriyet, azadliq
lie (down)
istalga, waga' :
; diraz kashi-
yatmaq
nam, yanam
dan, kash
(rest on bed)
lie (to tell a)
kedheb,
duriigh guftan
I, yalan soilemek
vikdhab
ga
lie {n.)
kidhb
duriigh
yalan
lieutenant
mulazim
mulazim
miilazim
life
'umr, hayat
zindagT, hayat hayat
life-belt
hizam en-
kamarband-i-
yiizmeye
najat
najat
makhsiis
kemer, jan
qurturan
kemer
Uft
shal, yashil,
bar dashtan,
qaldirmaq
rafa*, yarfa'
dar
light (kindle, i
i;.)sha'al, yish*al
ranshan
kardan
yaqmaq
(of sun, n.)
niir
ranshanayi
nur, ishiq
light (of
khafif
subuk
khafif
weight)
lighter (n.)
diibah, chayah
maghiina
lightning
barq
barq
shimshek
lights
adhwa (e. g. of
chiragh
fenerler, siliyon
ship) ; anwar
(of ship)
like (v.)
habb, yahibb
diist dashtan
sevmek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
397
English.
length
less
letter
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
yergaynoutiun drezhi yerkhutha
nvaz kemter besh qi^^a
namag
kaghad,
mektub
kthawa
!ettuce
level {adj.)
liberty
lie (down)
lie (to tell a)
lie {n.)
lieutenant
life
life-belt
bazar, marol khass, kahu kahi
hart, havasar rast shtiha, rast
azadoutiun
barrgil
sdel, soud
khosel
soud
deghagal
gianq
gensakodi
hurriyat, azai azadiitha
rra keutin, ne- shtehle
westin
drau kir
drau, dru
zhi, 'umr
mdugille
dugla
mulazim
khaye
lift partsratsnel,
grel
light (kindle v.)varrel, lousa-
vorel
(of sun, n.) arev
light (of
weight)
lighter _
lightning
lights
like (v.)
thethev
lasd, navag
perrnagir
gaydzag
jrak
ouzel, havnil,
tsangal
helanin, bar muremle
girtin
agir kirin, agir mtape
dan, dagir-
standin
rozhnai, ruh- bahra
nai
silk, sevekk qalula
birusk, shim- berqa
arta
ruhnai, rozh- behra
nai
khwastin
keba'yi
398
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish,
like (similar
mithl
misl-e
benzer
to)
like this
hichi
in-taur
bu gibi
lime (material) juss
ahak
kirej"
limit
hadd {pi.
hudud)
hadd
hadd, kenar
limp {v.)
'araj, ya'raj
langidan, lang topallamaq
line
khatt {vl- khu-
satr
khatt, chizgi ;
m) ; safi {pi.
saf (row) ;
sufiif) (row) ;
khalat (rope)
habl (rope)
lip
shifah {dual.
shifaten)
lab
dudaq
liquorice
sus
sus
sus
list
qayimah
fehrist
defter
(of ship)
mel
mail namii-
egilme
dan-e kashti
L
bi-tarafi
listen
istema', yes-
gush dadan,
dinlemek
temi'
deh
little (of
qalil {adj.) ;
kam
az {adv.); bur
quantity)
sheweya {n.)
az(ri.);kiichiik,
ufaq {adj.)
live (exist)
*ash, ya'ish
zindagam
kardan, kun
yashamaq
live (dwell)
seken, yiskun or manzil dash-
oturmaq,
qa'ad, yaq'a
tan, dar
muqim olmaq
lively
nashit
khush tab'
janli
liver
kebid
;igar
qara-jiger
load {v.)
hammal,
3ar kardan,
yiiklemek
yuhiammil
kun
load (n.)
himl
bar
yiik, hamule
load (a gun)
teres, yitras
)ur kardan,
cun
mahalli
doldurmaq
local
mahalli
yerli
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
399
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
like (similar hamanman, waki!, waki, mdamiya
to) nman, bes wak, minana
like this asor bes, asor wak vi, wak av akb-d-aha
nman
lime (material) gir ahik, gach kilsha
limit sahman iiadd, senur liadd, tkhtima
limp {v.)
gaghal
kulak bu, shil
mkiilekle
line
kidz
uu.
rez
reza
lip
liquorice
list
(of ship)
shourtn {pi.
shrtounq)
madoudag,
maroukh
tsoutsag
dzril
lev, liw siptha -
sus, mahik
daftar, jad- sidra
wal, siahi
mail gami,
tamayul gami
listen
Isel
•giihdarin,
mu§ithle
little (of
quantity)
sagav,
sagavathiv
hendek, pe-
chak
zora,
qi§sa
live
abril
zhin
khele
live (dwell)
lively
liver
load {v.)
pnagil
gaydarr,
arruyk
liart
perrtsnel
manzil kir,
sakin bu
chaspan
jerk
3ar kir
skenne
kashshira
kauda
mutenne
load {n.)
load (a gun)
local
perr
Itsnel
deghagan
bar
girtin, darman
da
watani, ma-
halli
tena
mdurmenne
qurbabi
400
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian
Turkish.
lock (n.)
lock {v.)
qufl
qaffal, yuqaffil
qufl
qufl zadan,
killd
kilidlemek
locomotive
locust
jarrarah
jar ad
zan
chark-e buk-
har-e rah-e
malakh
loqomotif
chekirge
log (of wood) jidh'
chub
odun
log (of ship) qaid el-markab ruz-name-yi- jurnal
kashti
long {adj.) tawil diraz uzun
look (v.) shaf, yashuf or ahan (or nigah baqmaq
bawa*, yu- kardan)
bawi'
look after dar bal 'ala, mutavajjih gozetmek
yadir bal 'ala budan
look at
look-out {n.)
loop-hole nocha
loose (adj.)
loot (n.)
lose
loss
losses (in
battle)
louse
love (v.)
bawa' bi, ^nigah kardan, baqmaq
yubawi' bi ' kun
nebachi, haris nigah ban
surakh
varda
nobetjisi
mazghal deliyi
mafkuk (un- sust, gushada rabtsiz
bound); rakhu
(not tight)
nahb, ghani- gharat, yagh- yaghma,
mah ma ghanimet
dheyya', yu- gum kardan, ghaib etmek
dheyyi' kun
khasarah {pi. ziyan zarar, zayat
khasa'ir); faqd
telefiyat talafat telefiyet
qamlah shipish bit
tabb, yahibb dustdashtan, sevmek
ashiq budan
i
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
401
English.
Armenian,
Kurdish,
Syriac.
lock {n.)
paganq
qifl
qipla
lock {v.)
pagel, goghpel
qifl kir
qfelle, ghleqle
locomotive
vayrasharzh
charkhe alate
bukhar
mashina
locust
morekh
kula, chakerjik qamsa
log
dzarri gojgh,
gojgb
navabedi ora-
qorma, dar
qorma
log (of ship)
kir
long
yergar
derezh
yarikha
look {v.)
desnel, nayil
fakkirin, tam-
asha kirin,
rwandin,
meza kirin,
nairin
• gashiq
look after
knamq danil
muhafadha
mtagbir
(to take
kirin, himayat
care of); pnd-
• kirin
rel (to seek
for)
look at
nael, tidel
fakerian, bare-
khwa da
ntere, khere ill
look-out {n.)
shrchated, ted
navi
paswan, haris
natora
loop-hole
hradzerb, pak-
hsdi djampa
surakh, kuna
biz'a
loose {adj.)
tuyl, luydz
shil, laqlok
mrapiya
loot [n.)
avar, gogho-
boud
gortsnel,
talan
nehba
lose
berza
msiikere
gorousanel
hinda kir
kh§ere
loss
gorousd
zarar
zarar, khe§arah
losses (in
gorousd, vnas
khusran.
tliqi
battle)
khisarat
louse
vochil
speh
qalma
love {v.)
sirel, siraharil
khwazin,
hibin, wain,
'ashq kirin
makhib
MES. 1
c c
•
402
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
low
low water
loyal
luck
luggage
lunch
lung
machine
machine-gun
mad
magazine
(powder)
maize
major
Arabic. Persian.
nasi, wati past
jezr el-moi jazr-i-darya
Turkish.
alchaq
deniz jezri, de-
niz chekilmesi
amin {pi.
aminin)
nasib
aghradh (pi.)
ghada
ma'laq, riyah
(riyaten)
makinah
rashshash
majniin
makhzan el-
barud
idhrat esh-
sham
bimbashi
make sawwa, yu-
sawwi
man (male) rejul (pi. rijal)
or rijal {pi.
rijajil)
man (person) adami, nefer
manager
many
map
March
march (%.)
mudir
kathir, hewayi
kharitah or
khartah
Adbar, Mars
masir (of
troops)
farmanbar-dar, sadiq
shah-parast
bakht bakht
asbab, ashya eshya
nahar
shush, riya
oile yemeyi
aq jiger
mashin, charkh charkh, maqina
tup-e chand
lulage khud
purkun, tup-
e musalsal
divana
makhzah-i-
barud
zurrat
sarhang
mitralyuz
deli
barut makh-
zeni, jeb-khane
misr boghdayi,
dari
bimbashi
sakhtan, saz yapmaq
mard erkek
adam
nazir
idare eden.
miidir
khaili
choq
khariteh,
kharita
naqsheh
Farwardin,
Mart
Azar
harakat, mashi hareket
{properly
mashy). .
Also
kuch
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
403
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
low
tsadzr
khwar, kurt
khetya, kirya
low water
chri tsadznaln,
deghadvou-
tiun
loyal
havadarim
amin, khudan tabit
soz, mukhlis
luck
pakht
bakht, Daulat iqbal
luggage
gah gaarasi
kelomel, asbabjmane
tisht-misht
lunch
michnadjash
tasht, chast
sharutha
lung
toq
sull, shush
rata
machine
meqena
makina, alat
mashTna
machine-gun
meqenagan
top khudan
topang ma
hratsan
charkh
shinaya
mad
khent
din. be'aqil
shidana
magazine
mtheranots
makhzane
makhzan
(powder)
varrotaran
barude
d-barud
maize
ekiptatsoren
zurat
dhura
major
hazarabed,
bimbashi
bimbashi
make
major
unel, shinel
chai kir
*ewedhle
man (male) mart
merov, piao nasha
man (person) anntz
manager kordzagadar sarkirdia, mtagberana
nazir, peshkar
shad, pazma- galak, zaf, raba
tiv zur, pirr
qardez
many
map
March
march [n.]
Mard
Azar
qalel, yertal kuch, maf-
halat, sair
Adhar
zalta
0 c 2
404
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
march {v.)
Arabic.
Persian.
mesha, yimslii kuchidan,
kuch
Turkish.
yuriimek
mare
laras
madiyan
qisraq
marine
bahri
bahri
silahendaz
neferi (n.) ;
bahriye (adj.)
mark
nishan (target)
; nishan,
nishan ;
ether (e.g. or
I 'alamat
tamgha
paper)
(on paper, &c.)
market
suq
. bazar
charshi, pazar
marksman
neshenchi
tir-andaz,
tufasy-anda2
nishan ji
marriage
zawaj (state) ;
ariisi (wed-
nikiah
' urs (wedding) ding)
marsh
hor (pi. ahwar)
khalab, wahal
balchiq,
bataqliq
direk
mast
dugal
sutiin-i-jahaz
master
sahib, ra'is
aqa
efendi, sahib
mat
baria, basat
ha sir
hasir
match (lucifer
) kibrit, shakha-
tah
kibrit
kibrit
matter, it does ma yukhalif
aibi ua-darad
sarar yoq
not
mattress
doshek
diishak
shilte
May
Aiyar, Mayu
Aiyar
Mayis
me
-ni {suffix)
mara
beni, bana (to
me)
mealies
idhrah
misr bogh-
dayi
mean (signify)
'ana, ya'ni
ma'ni dashtan.
, ne demek
dar
( = ' what does
. . . mean ? ')
meaning
ma'na
ma'na
measure {v.)
qas, yaqis or
paimudan,
Ulchmek
qaddar, yu-
paima
qaddir (of
size), kal,
yakil (of ca-
pacity)
measure (n.)
qiyas, qadr, ke]
[ miqyas
iilchi
meat
lahm
gusht
et
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
405
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
march {v.)
chwel, untha-
nal, qalel
chon
rkhisUe
mare
zampig
mahin, main
susta
marine
dzovajdp
bahri, deryai
yamana
mark (n.) nshan
nishan
nishan
market
shouga
suq
shuqa
marksman
varbed nshan-
arrou
nlshanchi
marriage
amousnoutiun
zawaj, marihi
khlula
marsh
jahij, mor
hez, besha
wahla
mast
gaym
master
varbed
khudan, agha
stadha, rais
mat
khsir
hesir
hasira
match (lucifer]
) loutski
kibrit, sha-
shakhate,
khatah
kibrit
matter, it does
; vnas chouni
teshtak teda
zarar lit
not
nina
mattress
basdar
doshak
shwita
May
Mayis
lyar
lyar
me
zis {ace), intz
idat.)
mi, min
-i {suffix)
mealies
simit, tarm
egyptatsoren
zurat
dhiira
mean (signify)
gamil, midq
khwast,
qsidle
sunenal
maram kir
meaning
nshanagoutiun
ma'naya
measure {v.)
chapel
pivin, qiyas
kir
kelle, qesle
measure {n.) chap
meat mis
piwan, qiyas kaila, qyasa
gosht be^ra
406
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
medal
nishan
nishan-e sik-
ka
nishan
medicine
dawa
dawa
'ilaj
meet
laqa, yulaqi
mulaqat kar
- rast gelmek,
dan, kun
bulushmaq
melon
reggi (water
kharbiiza
qarpuz
melon), batikh
melted butter
■ dihn
raughan
eridilmish
sai-yaghi
mend
sallah,
marammat
ta'mir etmek
jnisallih
kardan, kun
or durust
kardan, kun
merchandise
amwal tujari-
yah
tajir {fl.
mal-e tijarat
mal, emval
merchant
tajir
tajir
tujjar)
mercy-
rahmah .
rahmat
merhamet
message
risalah
paigham
khaber, peiam
metal
ma'din {fh
ma'dan
ma'den
ma'adin)
metalled road
darb muhad-
dad
sho^eh
shose
middle
wast ; nuss (of
miyan, wasat
orta, merkez
time)
yari
mile
mil {'pl. amyal)
mil
mil.yirmitaqqa
military
'askari
nizami, *askari
'askeri, nizami
milk
halib
shir
siit
mill
tahanah, mat-
tan ah
asya
deyirmen
millet
dakhn
arzan
dari
mind (n.)
'aql
khatir
'aql, zihn
mine {'pron.)
mall
mal-i-man
benimki
mine (ex-
lughm {fl.
lagham
laghim
plosive, n.)
algham)
mineral
ma' din {pi.
jamadat (pi.)
ma' den
ma'adin)
{better ma*-
dan)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 407
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
medal shqanshan nishan, medal nishanqa
medicine tegh darman, 'alaj darmana
meet hantibel rast hatin, khzele, tapiq
Ibar yak bu
melon sekh, tsmerong gindor, qarpus shiptiya,
(water melon) bashile
melted butter iugh, yegh riin meshkha, du-
hana
mend norokel, gar- pina or ruq*at mruqel6
gadel kir, diiranin
merchandise
merchant
abranq, vad-
jarrq
vajarragan
mal (wares) ; tajirutha
tijarat (trade)
bazirgan, tujar tajara, bazar-
rtn-nn
mercy
message
metal
voghormoutiun dad, mar- rakhme
ha mat, bakht
badkam khabar, ka- khubra
khaz
medagh madan ma'dan
metalled road
khjoughi
middle
michin, mech
degh
mghon
zinvoragan
gath
aghoriq
niv, nauras
palga
mile
military
milk
mill
mil
'askari
shir
ash
mila
'askari
khelya
urkhe, arkhel
millet
mind (n.)
goreg
midq
garis
'aql, fikr,
khatir, bir
garis, dikhna
khiyal
mine (fron.)
mine (ex-
plosive, n.)
mineral
ims, imins
agan
hanqayin
yamin, emin
madan, filiz
{n.); ma'-
dani (adj.)
di-i
d-ma'dani
408
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English,
Arabic.
• Persian.
Turkish.
Ministry (civi!
I) Nadharah
vazarat
nazaret
minute
mirage
daqiqah {pi.
daqayiq)
sarab
daqiqeh
sarab
daqiqa, taqqa
serab
mirror
missing
mist
miraga
mafqiid
dhabab
ayina
gum shudeh,
naqi?
sharir
aine
eksik, ghaib
sis, duman
mix khalat, yakblit
or mezej,yim
zaj
Mohammedan Muslim
moisture ra^ubah
. amikhtan,
- amiz
musulman
rutubat
qarishdirmaq
muslim
rutubet
monastery
der
khanqah
tekke
Monday
Yom el-ith-
Dushambeh
Bazar-ertesi
money
money-
changer
monitor
monsoon
nen
fliis
sarraf
monitor
bara^at (pi)
pill para
sarraf sarraf
monitor monitor
sefinesi
bad-e mausim mevsim ruski
month
moon
new moon
shahr {pi. ish-
hur)
gamar
hilal
mah
mah
mah-e nau
ai
ai, mahitab
(moonlight)
ai bashi, hilal
full moon
moor (tie up)
bedr
rabat, yarbat)
badr
bi-risman
bedr
baghlamaq
more
akther {corn-
par.), ba'ad,
zayid
ziyadtar
ziyade, daha,
fazla (excess)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
.409
Ministry (civil)
minute
mirage
mirror
missing
mist
mix
Mohammedan
moisture
monastery
'Monday
money
money-
changer
monitor
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
nakhararoutiun wizarat waziii
(qaghaqagan)
robe, vargian daqiqah daqiqah
(modaqoyn) sarav, kurab sharaw
ha\ eli awina, nink nora, mirre
hinda bu msukra
mek, marak- duman, khiiz, hoga
hough mizh
kharrnel taik da, khalat khletle
kir
Dadjig musulman mashlmana
khonavoutiun rutubat, shili, teriiitha, tali-
tarri
vanq, der
menastan
Yergoushapti Dushambah
tram, sdag para, diraf
loumayapokh sarraf
rasmanav
lutha
daira
Trushaba
ziizi
surap, sarrafa
monsoon
month
moon
new moon
full moon
^, moor (tie up)
I
i^ more
(darevor
hoghm)
amis
mausum,
fa§le ba
haiv, mah
yerkha
sehra
lousin mah, haiv,
mong
nor lousin hiva nii, hiv sahra khata
hilati, hilal
gadar lousin hiva tam, badr badri
baranovgabel gami shedan-
din, langar
avitin or
avizhin
aveli galakter, besh kabira,
peterr zoda
410.
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
morning
mortar
mosque
mosquito
mosquito-net
mother
motor-boat
mound
mountain
mountain-
range
mouse
mouth
mouth (of
river)
move (trans.)
Arabic.
?abah
juss
jami', mesjid
baqq (bug)
kullah
umm
markab gaz
tell (pi. tumi)
jebel [fl.
jibal)
silsilat jibal
Persian.
9ubtL
Turkish.
sabah
bastan kharj
(for chemicals);
havan (mili-
tary) or tup-e
qumbara-
andazi
masjid jami', mesjid
pashsheh sivri sinek
pashsha-band sineklik, jibin-
lik
madar ana, valide
kashtiya khud-
ravan
tappa, khakriz tepejik, hiiyiik
(military)
kuh
kiihistan
far (pi. firan) mush
halq (pi. huluq) dahan
sadr (esh-shatt) dahaneh
dagh
dagh silsilesi,
sira daghlar
sichan, fare
aghz
(irmaq) aghzi
harrak, yuhar- tahrik kardan, naql etmek,
rik kun qimildatmaq
move (intrans.) taharrak, yata- harakat kar- qimildanmaq
much {adj.)
much {adv.)
mud
muddy
mud -flats
mule
muleteer
harrak
kathir
kathir
tin, wahl
muwahhil
wahl
boghl {pi. ba-
ghal)
baghghal, mu-
kari
dan, kun
bisyar
khaili
gil-alud
astar, qatir
charvadar
choq
choq
chamur
chamurli
balchiq
qatir
qatir ji
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
411
English.
morning
mortar
Armenian.
arravod
shaghakh
Kurdish. Syriac.
subahi, suba qadamta, be-
hawan
epare
gejkhaq
mosque
mzgit
mas j id, jem,
misgaft
machid, jema
mosquito
mzhegh
khepo
baqa
mosquito-net
mzhghougi
shabakae-
shabaka d-tan
ourrgan
pesha
zil
mother
mayr
da, dya
yemma
motor-boat
sharzhich
harakatli-
qayiq mashi-
maguyg
gami
naya
mound
badvar
tepula, tall
te\
mountain
lerr
chia
tHra
mountain-
lerrnashghta
range
mouse
moug
mishk
aqiibra
mouth
Deran
dav
kemma, poma
mouth (of
redaperan
sarakani
sarakani
river)
move (trans.)
sharzhel
takandin, tah-
rik kir
mhurikle
move (intrans.) sharzhil
much (adj.)
shad
galak, zof, zui
kabira
much (adv.)
shad, huyzh
rraba
mud
tsekh, dighm
gerrek, heri,
tina, wahla,
qum
taqna
muddy
tshekhod
mud-flats
dghmayin
iedaperan
mule
chori
ester
kodhenta,
kawedhna
muleteer
choreban
estervan,
qaterchi
qaterchi
412
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
municipal
munitions
must
mutiny {n.)
mutton
my
myself
nail (iron)
nail (finger)
name
what is the
name of ?
narrow
napkin
nationality
native (n.)
naval
navigable
navigate
Arabic.
beledi
mu'addat el-
harb
lazim
Persian.
baladi
Turkish.
beladiye
muhimmat-e muhimmat
jangi {or lava-
zim-e qushun)
bayad {imper- -meli, -mali
sonal)
'asyan, thorah 'a§yan
lahm ghanam gusbt-i-
gusfand
-i (suffix), mail -i-man, -am
(after noun) (suffix)
nefsi kbudam
(suffix to verbal
root) ; lazim
(necessary)
'isyan, tughyan
qoyun eti
benim, -im
(suffix)
kendim
bismar (])l. mikh chivi, mikli
basamir)
dhafr (pi. adba- nakhun tirnaq
fir)
ism (pi. asami nam ism, ad
and isma)
shism ? ism-ash chist ? -e ne derler ?
iibaiyiq
peshqir
jinsiyah
ibn el-bilad
bahri
yanmeshi bi-
safinah
qad el-markab,
yaqud el-
markab
tang
dar
dastmal-e peshkir
sufra
milliyat ; milliyet
vatan (native
country)
bumi yerli
darya'i, bahri bahr
qabil-e ubur-e seiri sefayine
kashti musa'id
kashti randan, qapudanliq
ran etmek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
413
English.
municipal
munitions
»
must
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
taghabedagan, madam, d-mdita
qaghaqayin baladi
rrazmamterq chakke sharr, asbabi qosho-
masalihe nayi, jabo-
sharr, jabak- khana
hana
bedq e lazim, garak lazim
mutiny {n.)
mutton
my
myself
nail (iron)
nail (finger)
name
what is the
name of ?
narrow
napkin
nationality
native {n.)
naval
navigable
absdampou-
tiun
vochkhari mis
im
inqs, yesinqs,
inqzinqs
kam, peverr
yeghoung
anoun
inche anoune
i 9
negh
antzerrots
azkaynoutiun,
azkoutiun
deghatsi, pnig
navayin
navargeli
esian
goshte pazz
-min {svjfflx)
az bikhwa,
min bkho
bizmar
ninuk
nav
nave...chia ?
tang, task,
jemik
pishkir, pa-
shik, kaffiya
millat
'aslyiitha, ma-
rodhutha
bisra d-erba
-i {suffix), di-i
gani
bismara
tipra
shimma
ma shimma d- ?
'iqa
dasmal
milat
navigate
navargel
ahl balad yerluya
qabil 'ubur, spayi qa
na-kur gamiye
414
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
navigation
navy-
near
Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
milahah, qiya- rah bari-yi- qapudanliq
dat el-markab jahaz
U9tul, bahriyah jahazat donanma
jarib or qarib nazd, nazdik yaqin
necessary (it lazim
is)
lazim ast lazim, gerek
neck
need {v.)
needle
neighbour
ruqbah
ihtaj ila,
yahtaj ila
ibrah {pi. ibar) siizan
gardan boyiin
muhtaj shu- muhtaj olmaq,
dan, shau istemek
jar {pi. jiran) hamsaya
neighbourhood mahallah
(quarter of
town) ; qurb
neither . . . nor la . . . wa-la
net
shebekah
nazdiki {or
hamsayagi)
nah . . . nah
dam
(against mos- kullah
quitoes)
lyne
qonshu
qonshuluq
ne . . . ne
agh
sineklik
never
new
news
abadan {ivith
negative)
jadid
khabr {sing.)
newspaper
next
jaridah {pi.
jarayid)
tham(of time) ; digar
agrab
abadan {fol- hich ( -^nega-
lowed hy na, tive)
'not')
nau
akhbar
ruznameh
yeni
khaber
ghazeta
yandaki (be-
side) ; sonra
(after)
night
tayyib
lelah
latif, khush
shab
eyi, giizel,
tatli
geje
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
1 English.
Armenian. Kurdish.
Syriac.
navigation
navargoutiun
navy
near
dormigh
mod, merdz- nezik
qorba
415
avor
necessary (it anhrazhesht e lazim, garak lazim, ki-mwa-
is) jib
neck viz ustii, hafk, mil qdhala
need {v.) bedq ounenal, bhaujab sniqle
garodil
needle
asegh
suzhen, derzi
khmata,
mkhata
neighbour
tratsi
jiran, han-
samal
shwawa
neighbourhood shrchagayq,
ladl, qurb,
qurbabi
tratsioutiun
nezTki
neither . . .
nor voch . . . yev
voch
na . . . na
la . . . w-la
net
ourrgan.
tsants
shabak, dam
shabakah
never
voch yerpeq,
pnav
hich, abadan
abadan, hich
new
nor
nil, nishk
khatha
news
lour, deghegou
tiun
- khabar
khubra khathfi
newspaper
therth, Irakir
gazeta
gazeta
next
arrachiga
pashe, mut-
khena, Ikes
(proximo) ;
tasil
gits (adja-
cent) ; hedo
(thereafter) ;
yergrort
(secondly)
nice
azniv, qnqoush
bash, hak
randa
night
kisher
shav
laile
416
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
nippers
minqash
ambur
qisaj
no
la, lakh air
na-khair
khair, yoq
noise
qalabaliqh,
hiss
shuliiq
ses, shamata
nomad
bedwi {fl.
bedu)
ilyati
yiiruk
noon
dhuhr
zuhr
oilen
no one
ma had
hich kas
hich bir kimse
north
shimal
shamal
yildiz, shemal
northern
shamali
shamali
shemali
nose
khashm
dimagh, bini
biiriin
nosebag
mikhlat
tiibreh
yem torba-si
not
ma {with
na
depl, me {in
verbs) ; mil,
verbs)
mush
{with adj.)
la la
not at all
hargiz {fol-
hich, assla {both
lowed by ne-
followed by ne-
gative)
gative)
note (letter)
teskerah, mak-
tub
ruq'a
mektub
(promissory)
kampiyalah
tamassuk-e
qambial
naqdi, or huj
jat
daftarcha
-
note-book
defter
defter
nothing
la she, hich
hich {with
negative)
hich bir shei
nothing, for
bi-lash
muft or maj-
badi-hava
(gratis)
janan
not yet
lis-sa ma {fol-
ta-bi-hal
daha deyil,
lowed by verb),
henoz deyil
mil ba'ad
November
Tishrin eth-
thani
Tishrin-i-sani
Teshrin i-sani
now
hessa ; ga'id
{before verb)
akniin, alan
shimdi
nowhere
ma {with verb)
fi ai makan
hich ja
hich bir yerde
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
417
English.
nippers
no
noise
nomad
noon
no one
north
northern
nose
nosebag
not
Annenian.
aqdzan gasd ;
qelbetin
(Turkish)
voch
tzayn
vranapnag
ges or
voch voq
hiusis
hiusisayin
qith
dobrag (tziou
snounti)
voch, ch'
Kurdish:
miqash, gaz,
mashik, kal-
bittin
no, na
dang, faryad
Syriac.
malkta, kal-
bittin
la
qalmaqal
kochari; re- kochari
wendan
nivro, nimaro palge d-yoma
chu kas chu kha
shimal garbya
difin, qupu
juhor, tura
nakhira
'aiiqah, juhorre
la
not at all amenevin qat'an, abadan qat'an, abadan,
hich
note (letter) domsag, krou- kakhaz. mak- ktawa
; tiun tub
(promissory) khosdmnakir *ahd-nama hiijat
note-book
nothing
nothing, for
(gratis)
not yet
nowhere
I
houshadedr kitab, kakhaz daptar
vochinch chii tesht, hich chu mindi
vochinch, tzri balash
herwa, balash
terr voch,
hesh na, hizhi hesh la
dogavin voch na
November Noemper
Teshrlni sani, Tcheri kharaya
paiz
hima, ayzhm nuha, istaka daha, adiya
voch oureq, bchii ja, bchii b-chu diiktha
voch mi degh arda
D d
418
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian,
Turkish.
number {n.)
'adad
;adad
*aded, miqdar
^nut
jozah {pi. ]oz)
jauz
findiq
oasis
wahah
sabza-zar dar
cbolin arasinda
biyaban
cbairliq
oar
mijdhaf
paru
Idirek
oats
hurtuman,
shufan
dausar
yulaf
obedient
tayi', mutf
muti'
ita'atli
obstacle
mani {pi.
mawani)
mani'
mani'
obstinate
'anid
sar-kash,
kbud-sar
'inadji
occupation
ihtilal
zabt-e mulk
istiyla
(military)
ocean
bahr
uqyaniis
bahr-i-muhit
o'clock
es-sa'ah
sa'at-e
sa'at
October
Tishrln
Tisbrin-i-
Teshrin-i-evvel
awwal
auwal .
office
idarah, hafis
daftar-khona
(place)
qalem
officer (mili-
dhabit
sahib-
zabit
tary)
man§ab
officer (civil)
ma'mur
sabib mansib
me'mur
or abl-e qalam
often
kathir marrat
barba, mukar-
• choqkerre,
raran
choq defa*
oil
zet, dihn
rogban
yagb
oil (petroleum) gaz, nafadh
naft, or ra-
gbaz
ghan-e sang
oke(2ilb.)
huggab
vaqiya
oqa
old (ancient)
'atiq, qadim
kohneh
eski, qadim
old (worn)
ball
kobneh, far-
sudeh
eski
old man
sbayib,
pir
ikhtiyar
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
419
P.
1 English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
number {n.)
thiv
'adad, azhmar
minyana
nut
gaghin, enguyz
finuq, guz,
gwiz
goza
oasis
ovasis
marj
oasa, marga
oar
thi, thiag
oats
varsag
obedient
hnazant
tai', atl
muti', mshu'-
bdha
obstacle
khoch, arkelq
mani'
makleta, mani
obstinate
hamarr
kalahishk,
'anid
'anid, 'asi
occupation
dirapetoutiun
zabt, taht
dwaqta bi-
(military)
zabt
yitqoshon
ocean
ovgianos
oqianos, bahr
uqyaniis
o'clock
zham
sa'at
sa'at
October
Hogtemper
Teshrini auwal Cheri qamaya
office bashdon(post); wazifa, khid- mansab
krasenyag mat
(premises)
officer (mili- sba, zinyora- zabit zabit
tary) gan
officer (civil) bashdonya
often hajakh
oil tzet, iugh
oil (petroleum) qaraiugh
oke(2|lb.) oliha
old (ancient) hin
old (worn) mashadz
old man
dzer
mustakljdame mamiir
hukumat,
sahibe wazifa
purrjaran, kabire gahatha,
galak jara rabagahi
rune zait zaitha
nift; gaz nyuta, zift
waqiya waqiya
kohn, 'atiq 'atiqa
pira, parpeti jiqa
ikhtiar, pir sawa
k
D d2
420
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
old woman
'ajuz
pireh zan
qoja qari
older
akbar
daha eski
oldest
•
el-akbar
en eski
omelet
*ajjah,
khaginah
khagineh
qaighana
on
'ala
bala'i
ustunde,
uzerinde
once, twice,
ferd marrah,
yak, du mar-
bir kerre, iki
thrice
marraten,
tabeh, seh
kerre, iich
thalath
martabeh
kerre
marrat
at once
bis-sa'ah,
halan
chabuq
onion
ba§lah {fl.
ba§al)
piyaz
soghan
only {adj.)
wahid (one)
vahid or ya-
gana
yaliniz
only {adv.)
faqat
u bas {at end)
anjaq, yaliniz
open {adj.)
maftuh,
kushad, maf-
achiq
mafkuk
tuh, waz
shudeh
open {v.)
fekk, yafnkk
kushadan.
achmaq
fetch, yiftah
kushad
operation
harakah
amaliyat-e
hareket
(military)
jangi
opposite
qubal
muqabil
qarshi
oppressive
thaqll
shadid, sakht
aghir
(heat)
or
au or yo
ya . . . ya
ya . . . yakhod
orange
portugalah
portuqal ra-
ranj
portaqal
order {v.)
a mar, ya'mur
farmudan.
emr etmek.
farma
buyurmaq
order (w.)
amr {fl. awa-
mir)
farman, amr
emr, firman
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
421
English.
Armenian,
Kurdish.
Syriac.
old woman
barrav
pirazhin
sauta
older
avelidzer (of
person) ;
avelihin (of
thing)
oldest
omelet
tzvatsegh
on
i vera, vra
Isar, laban
elled, l-*el
once, twice,
mi ankam,
jarak, du jara,
khdha gaha,
thrice
yergou an-
se jara
tette gahatha,
kam, yereq
tellath gaha-
ankam
tha
at once
anmichabes
alba'al
omon
sokh
only {adj.) miayn
pivaz bisla
fard, yakkana ikhidaya
only (adv.) miayn, sagayn bas bass, faqat
open {adj.) pats va, wa pthikha
open {v.)
operation
(military)
opposite
oppressive
(heat)
or
orange
order {v.)
order {n.)
panal
vakirdin
pthekhle
kordzoghou- harakat or tagbir qosho-
tiun . mu'amalat naya
' askariya
timats, hagarag pish-meqabil. derqiil
lebar
sart, dizhwar khamima
k
heghtzoutsich
(chermoutiun)
gam
narinch; por-
touqal
(Turkish)
hramael,
badvirel
hraman, bad-
ver
ya, yan
purtaqal
au, yan
narinj
amr kir, naid pqidhle, musele
da
farman, amr pugdana, amr
422
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
order (system
, nidham, tertib
qa'ida, usiil
nizam
other
akhar {pi.
akharin)
o bir, diger
our
-na (suffix)
-i-ma {suffix)
bizim
ours
malna, lena
mal-i-ma
bizimki
out of
min
biriin, az an-
-dan, -dan di-
dariin
shari
outpost
talfah
qarawul
ileri qol
outside
barra, kharij
birun
disharda
oven
tannur
tanniir
furun
overboard
ila '1-bahr, ila
darabuftadeh denize diish
'1-moi
miish
overflow {v.)
f adh, yafidh
labriz shudan
or azkanar
tashmaq
owing to, be-
min sebeb
az barayi
-ichin, -dolayi,
cause of
sebebile
owl
biimah
bum, tajavuz
kardan
baiqush
ox
thor
nar gau
okiiz
pack-saddle
khurj el-jemel
khurj in-i-
deve khamuti
(camel)
shutur
pack-saddle
khurj el-boghl khurjin-i-qatir semer
(mule)
paddle {n.)
gharrafah
paru
klirek
paddle-wheel
parwanah
charkh-e kash
tiye bukhar
- pervane
padlock
qufl
qufl
asma kilid
pail
baldi, satl
dalv
qogha
pain
waja'
dard
aghri
jaint (n.)
boya, K^abagh
rang
boya
Palestine
Filistln, Esh-
Sham
Filistin
Filistin
palm (tree)
nakhlah {pi.
nakhl
khurma agha-
n^khl)
chi
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
42a
English.
Armenian,
• Kurdish.
Syriac.
order (system,
, gark, troutiun
, tartib, uslub
riza, tartib
w.)
garkatroutiun,
sistem
other
ayl
khena
our
mer
-ma (suffix)
-an (suffix)
ours
mern, merinn
yama, malema diyan
out of
ardaqo, tours
zh- (prefix)
min
outpost
arracbabah
peshe 'askare
qamayutha .
(zorq)
d-'askar
outside
toursn
deri
baraye
oven
pourr
furl, tanniir
tanura
overboard
naven tours,
dzov angial
labahre
b-go yama
overflow {v.)
hortil
pirr-av biiin,
tafih buin
shapikh
owing tOj be-
• badjarrav
Ibar, bo
min sabab
cause of
owl
pou
bum, baiqiish
ox
yez
gah
taura
pack-saddle
palan, hamed
(camel)
pack-saddle
palan, hamed
kurtan, palan
rashwana, kur-
(mule)
tana
paddle {n.)
tiag
miqdaf, parii
paddle-wheel
tiagi-aniv
takhtae du-
labe, charkhe
gami
padlock
goghbanq
qifl
qiipla
pail
touyl (ortouil)
satlok, lagan,
childosh
do cha
pain
tsav
aish, zhan,
dard
mar'a
paint {n.)
nerg
rang, naqish
rang
Palestine
Baghesdin
Filistin
Filli^tin
palm (tree)
armaveni
darekhurma
khiirma
424
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
pannier
sellah (j)!.
eslal)
lauda or zam- kiife
bil (very large
and made of
paper
khaghid
(material);
. waraqah (a
wood)
kaghaz
kyat
parasol
paper)
shemsivali
chatr
shemsiye
parley (^i.)
mudhakarah
mukyaleme
parole (n.)
kalamsharf
va'da-ye baz
soz, parola
party (dinner) 'azimah
pass (defile) ' madhiq
passage (an murur
act)
passage (way) majaz
passage-money nol
gasht
ziyafat ziyafet
tang, gardaneh boghaz, gechid
guzar-gah
ma' bar
gechme
passport
password
pasturage
path
patrol (n.)
patrol (v.)
pay (n.)
pasaport,
teskerah
ism el-lelah
gechejek yer,
gechid
ujrat-e ubur navlun, yol
or ujrat-e parasi
safar-e darya
passaporta,
mar a
ism-i-shab
alafzar
teskere
parola
sikkah {pi.
siket), darb
{jjI. durub)
dawwariyah
otlaq, chair,
yaila
rah-i-kuchak iz. meslek
pasban
qol
dolashmaq
dawwar, haras pasbani kar-
dan, kun
ma'ash, shah- ujreh, mawa- ma'ash ; ailiq
riyah jib (monthly) ;
giindelik
(daily)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
425
English.
pannier
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
goghov ; se- zanbil, salik kajawa
ped (Turkish)
'eixnev
paper
thoukht
kaghi
waraqa
parasol
parley (w.)
parole (n.)
party (dinner)
pass (defile)
passage (an
act)
passage (way)
passage-
money
passport
password
pasturage
path
sewan, sham- shumsiya
siya
akhivtin mhamzamta,
mahkaitha
kalam sharaf qola
da'wat, ziafat qonakhligh
gall, boghaz boghaz, raola
galiya
re, ria, rabori sapar
hovanots
panagtsoutiun
khosdoum
djashgeruyt
girj (of moun-
tains)
antsq
jampa, jana- rre, rria aliilta, kolana,
barh urkha
navou dzakhs ; kre, haq kherj d-sapar
navargoutian
tram
antsakir teskere
antsaparr,
parola
jarag, arod eheria, Iwar, mar'iya, zozan
mar* a
shavigh, hedq rre, rria urkha
patrol {n.) bahaban, kis- pasban, natore
hertabah naubachi
patrol {v.) patrol unel naubah kir ntere
hertabahel
pay (w.) vjar, vartsq haq, para liaq
426
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
pay {v.)
dafa*, yidfa'
ada kardan,
parasini ver-
kun
mek, ma'ash
v6rmek
peace
sulh, salam
sulh
sulh
pear
armot
gulabi
armud
peasant
fellah
dehati or zira
at-kar
' koili
pen
qalam {jpl.
aqlam)
qalam
qalem
pencil
qalm rasas
midad
qurshun qalem
pennant
beraq
filandere
perfume
'atr
itr
hosh qoqu,
rayiha
perhaps
yimkin, bilki
shayad
belki
periscope
periskop
periskop,
durbin
permission
rukh^ah
ijaza
izin
Persia
Biladel-*_Ajam
Iran
*Ajemistan
Persian
*Ajami, Irani
Irani
*Ajemi
people
nas
mardum
khalq, ehali
pepper
petition {n.)
filfil
filfil
biber
istid* a
ariza
arzuhal, istid' a
pheasant
durraj {pi.
dararij)
qarqavul
suilun qusha
photograph
resm, §urah
'aks
fotograf
{n.)
pick-axe
mi'wal
bil, tisheh
qazma
picket (n.)
talfah
talayi'
qaraqol
picture
siirah, resm
parda-ye naq-
qashi
- resim, tasvir
piece («.)
wallah {fl.
wa§l)
tikka
parcha
pier
eskelah
iskaleh
isk61e
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
427
English.
pay {v.)
peace
pear
peasant
pen
pencil
pennant
perfume
perhaps
periscope
permission
Persia
Persian
people
pepper
petition (n.)
pheasant
photograph
in.)
pick-axe
picket (n.)
picture
piece {n.)
pier
Armenian.
vjarel
khaghaghou-
tiun
dantz
kiughatsi
krich
madid
Kurdish.
haq da
sulh
Syriac.
mxirzele, iwelle
haq
sulh, shlama
karchin, armii kamitra
rainjbar, fal- bne mata, fellah
lah, jotyar
qalam, khama qalama
qalam risas, pensila, qalam
khonwiss d-ri^i^
droshag
(arreakh tro-
shag^navi via)
poyr, anousha- behn, *itr rikha
hod
teryevs, koutse balgl, balani belki
periscop
tidag
hraman, touil- rukhsat, das- rukhsat
devoutiun tur, izn
an 'Ajam, Iran 'Ajam
'Ajami 'Ajamaya
khalq, mirova nashe
filfil film
arzahal ba'utha,
arzahal
Barsig
zhoghovourt
bghbegh
aghersakir,
aghachanq
pasian
lousangar
brrich
arrachakound,
picket
badger
gdor, mas
navamaduyts
tiirang, tai-
hiich
kulang, mawal ma'wal, nara
surat
parcha, par
askalah
shikla, surta
sama
askalah
^s
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
pig
khanzir {pi.
khanazir)
khiik, khinzir
domuz
pilgrim
hajji ; zayir
zavvar ;
haji
(to Kerbela)
zayir {pi.
ziwar)
pilgrimage
^lajj ; ziyyarah ziyarat
haj
(to Kerbela)
pillow
makhaddah
mukhaddeh,
balish
yasdiq
pilot (n.)
rabban
rah numa
(-yi-jahaz)
qulawuz
pilotage
qiyadah
u rat-i-kashti-
bani
qulawuz iijreti
pin
dembiis
sanjaq *
toplu (iyne)
pincers
kelabaten
ambur
kessaj
pipe (tube)
ambiibah {pi.
anabib)
lula
borya
pipe (smok-
sabil; narghi-
chibuq
chibuq, nargile
ing)
leh (hubble-
bubble)
pistol
warwar (re-
volver)
gir
pishtav
tabanja
pitch
qir or zift
zift
(substance)
pitcher
meskhenah
(Arab)
kuza, ibriq
testi
place {n.)
makan {pi.
amakin)
makan, ja
y&
plain {n.)
barriyeh, chol,
sahl
dasht, sahra
ova
plan (scheme,
fikr, tadbir
tadbir kardan
diishiinmek
V.)
plant {n.)
nabat {pi.
nabatat)
nabat
fidan
plate
§ahn {pi.
§uhun)
bushqab, zarf
tabaq
play (v.)
la*ab, yil'ab
bazi kardan,
kun
oinamaq
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
4^
1 English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
pig
khoz
khinzir, baraz
khezura.
baraza
pilgrim
bantoukht,
tiajjT, haj
muqdusi,
oukhtavor
maqdasi
pilgrimage
bantekhtou-
hajj
haj
tiun, oukhta
knatsoutiun
pillow
partz
balgi, balif,
seringnia
spaditha
pilot {n.)
navoughigh,
navavar
qaptan
pilotage
navavarou-
tiun
pin
kntasegh
danbus,
sinjakh,
sanjaq
danbus
pincers
aktsan
mashik, gazek
kalbtin
kalbtain
pipe (tube)
khoghovag
lula, kizan,
pukhrank
tuta
pipe (smok-
dzkhapogh
sabil (short) ;
; chibuk,
ing)
qalyun (long) qalluna,
qalyun
pistol
adrjanag,
pistol
tziut ; zift
dabanja
dabanja
pitch
qlr, zift
qir
(substance)
(Turkish)
pitcher
goudz
kiiza, kiip,
khum
talma
place {n.)
degh, vayr
3 a, 'ard
duktha
plain {n.)
tashd, tash-
dasht, chol
chol, maidan
davayr
dashta
plan (scheme,
dzrakrel,
rasm kirin,
tagbir
V.)
horinel
tadblr kirin
plant (n.)
doung
dar, nabat
liana, gilla
plate
bnag
§ahn, tapsi,
'aman
sahna, tabaq
play {v.)
khaghal
bazin
mtuelle
430
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish
pleasant
latif
khush, latif
hosh, leziz
please
tafadbdhal (in
courtesy) ;
min fadhlek
(asking fa-
vour)
pleased, to be
imbasat, yam-
masrur shu-
sevinmek,
basit ; sar
dan, shau
memniin ol-
mimnun, ya-
maq
sir mimnun
pleasure
kef, wunsah
khushi
keif
plough {n.)
faddan
shukhm
saban
plough (v.)
karab, yikrab
khish zadan
siirmek
plumb-line
shahul, shaqiil
shahul
shaqul
plunder (v,)
neheb, yen-
chapidan,
yaghma etmek
heb
chab or taraj
kardan, kun
pocket
jeb (pi. juyub)
jaib
jeb
poison
semm
zahr
zehir
pole (n.)
murdi (of boat) mardi
direk
pole (v,)
defa',yidfa*
mardi zadan
polish (n.) ' sabgh
saiqal
perdah, jila
polite
adib
mu'addab terbiyeli
political
officer
pontoon
pony (bag-
gage)
pool
pot)p
ma'mur siyasi ma'mur az memursiyasi
jisr naqqal,
dubah
kidish ; boghl yabu
el-haml
birkah, haudh hauz
janib-e daulat
jisr tombaz
akhir el-mar -
kab
arsha
yiik beigiri
hauz
qich
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
431
English.
pleasant
please
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
hajeli
khwash.
randa, hosh
k'aghachem
bkaifa
in basmaluk
pleased, to be
koh linel
khwash bu,
kaifawi hat
psikhle
pleasure
hadjuyq
khwashi, kaif ,
rahat .
raziutha
plougk (n.)
aror
jot
pdhana
plough (v.)
agosel, herel
jot kirin
tare pdana
plumb-line
oughgha-kidz,
shidag
dirist, rast
kip a d-rasis
plunder {v.)
goghobdel
talan kir,
nahb kir
nhible
pocket
krban
jaib
jiba
poison
toyn {or touin)
zhahr
sama
pole (n.)
tzogh, siun
niardi,midra
jala
pole (v.)
tzoghel, tiava-
gami kishan-
rel, magoyge
din, gami dar
tzoghov qshe
1 inandin
polish (n.)
abigi ; per-
runik, pardaq
, mabriqta
dakh
boyakh
(Turkish)
(of shoes)
polite
paregirt,
adib, 'aqil,
maripat, adib
qaghaqavar
shirine
akhlaq
political
qaghaqagan
zabite mulki
mamiir, elchi
officer
bashdonia
pontoon
pontoun,nava-
prt, jisr, kupri gishra, jesr
gamourch
pony (bag-
krast
bargil
bargil, gidish
gage)
pool
^jag
borr, birkah,
hau?:
birke
poop
khelk navou
pishte gami
432
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
poor
pork
population
port
port (of ship)
hard a-port
porter (door)
porter
(carrier)
porthole
Arabic. Persian.
faqir, meskin darvish,miskin
lahm khanzir gusht-i-khuk
' adad en-nuf us adad-i-sukkan
mamlakat
bander, mina
{fl. mawani)
yisar
tammam lil-
yisar
bawwab
hammal {pi.
tiamamil)
shubbak
bandar
darban
hammal
Turkish.
fuqara
domuz eti
ehali
liman
geminin iskele
tarafi
alabanda iskele
qapuju
hamma.1
lumbar deliyi
portmanteau j ant ah
possibly yimkin
post office postakhaneh
pot (for cook- jidr
ing)
pot (for water) hibb (large)
pottery fakharah
potatoes
pour out
patetah '
sabb, yasubb
jama-dan
mumkin
chanta
belki
powder (gun-) barud
praise (v.) medeh, yim-
dah
pray (worship, §alla, yusalli
prayer sala {vl. sala-
wat)
prefer fadhdhal,
vufadhdhil
post-khaneh posta-khane
dig or patila tenjere, qazan
ibriq testi, chiimlek
zuruf-e chini chanaqlar,
or kuza muza chiimekler
sib-i-zamm patates
rikhtan, riz dokmek
barud barut
situdan, sita medh etmek
namazkardan du*a etmek
namaz du' a
tarjihi dadan, terjih etmek
deh
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
433
English.
Animnian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
poor
pork
aghqad
khozi mis
miskin, faqii-
goshte baraz
miskena
bi§ra d-khu-
ziira
population
pnagichq,
zhoghovourt
khalk, sukkan
'amranutha
port
navahankisd
mina
mina, bandar
port (of ship)
hard a -port
navi tzakha-
goghmn
ghegn teb
tzakh
porter (door)
porter
trnaban
perrnagir
dargvan
hammal
qapuchi,
dargvan
hammal
(carrier)
porthole
badouhan
thntanotits
navi
portmanteau gashi bayousag chanta,khurjikchamadan
possibly gareli, havana- yumkin, mum- miimkin
gan kin
post office namagadoun postakhana pos^akhana
pot (for cook- yepelou aman ; tanjura, qazancha,
ing) tindjireh qazan, diz distitha
(Turkish)
pot (for water) goozh kiiz, aman talma
pottery gavakordzaran favfur, chini pikhara
potatoes patates patata, patate
sev'arde
pour out letsnel, tatar- Ivakhwarene msureqle
gel da-raizhin
powder (gun-) varrot barud, tez barud
praise (v.) kovel madih kir mdihle
pray (worship, aghotel, agha- nemaizh kirin m§ali slutha
V.) chel, maghtel
prayer aghotk nemaizh, slutha
newaizh
prefer keratasel taf zil kir mf iizille
E e
434
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
prepare {trans.) hadhdhar, yu- amudan,ama or hazirlamaq
hadhdhir
hazir kardan
I,
kun
prepare {in-
ista*add,
trans.)
yasta'idd
prepared
hadhir
muhaiya
hazirlanmish,
shuda
hazir
present (here;
) mawjiid
hazir
burada,mevjud
present (gift)
hadiyah,
bakhshish
ta*aruf
hediye
pretty
hulu, Jamil
khushnuma,
qashang
qimat
giizel, dilber
price
qimah
fiat
prison
tiabs
zindan
habs-khane
prisoner of
asir {ft. usara)
asir
esir
war
private
nefer
nafar
nef6r
(soldier)
private (room^
, khu^ii^i, sha'
khusiisi
khususi
&c.)
kh^i
proceeding
muhakamah
muhakama
muhakame
(legal, n.)
proclamation
i'lan
manshur ;
i'lan
(written) i'lan-
nama,i'lan
productive
mukhsib
hasil-khiz
mahsuldar
profit
mahsul
naf
kiar, fa'ide
prohibited
memnu'
mamnu'
yassaq
projectile
guUah {yl.
gulel)
khumpareh
mermi
promise {n.)
wa'd
va'da
va'd, soz
promise {v.)
wa*ad, yuwa'id wa*deh da-
soz vermek,
dan, deh
va*d etmek
propeller
parwaneh
charkh
vaporun per-
vanesi, isqru
property
mal, mulk
(estate)
mal
mal, variyet
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
435
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
prepare {trans.
) badrasdel
paikina, hazir
ewedhle pek,
kir
muhdhere
prepare {in-
badrasdvel
trans.)
prepared
badrast
paik
mtorsa
present (here)
nerga
hiazir
lakha ■
present (gift)
endza, barkev
diyari, bakh-
shish
peshkesh
pretty-
siroun
chak, dalal
jundaya,
shapira
price
kin, arzheq
baha, qimat
liaqq, tinie
prison
pant
haps, girti-
khana
haps
prisoner of
keri
girti
dwiqa b-plasha
war
private
zinvor
nafar
nafar
(soldier)
private (room,
, arrantzin
khususi
khusii^i
&c.)
proceeding
tad varel
muhakama.
dawe
(legal, n.)
tadbire
hukmi
proclamation
hrrchag, hay-
dararoutiun
farman
raqam
productive
arkasavor
khwash ' ard,
musmir
tayuna
profit
shah, okoud
mahsul,qazanj zodiinya
prohibited
arkilvadz
mamnu* ,
tiaram
mukliya
projectile
razmagndak
gulla
gunbilta
promise (n.)
khosdoum
qaul, bawar
qola
promise (v.)
khosdanal
, wa*dah kir,
qaul da
mwu'idle
propeller
vanich, navi
bdoudag
property
galvadzq, sepa
- khudani, kha-
■ mal
ganoiitiun
wandi, mulk
E
e2
436
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
proprietor
Arahic.
sahib
protection (of himayah
weak States)
Persian.
malik '
himayat
Turkish.
sahib
himave
province
provisional
public (n.)
pulse (wrist)
pump (n.)
punish
wilayah
waqti (tempo-
rary).* mash-
rut (condi-
tional) /
en-nas, el-'am-
mah
nabdh
trambah
qa^a?, yuqasij^
vilayat vilayet
muvaqqati- shimdilik ichin
khalq
khalq
punitive ta' qibi
pupil (scholar) telmidh
pure
purse
safi (of water
kiB, jozdan
nabz nabz
tulumbeh tulumba
saza dadan, mujazat etmek
dehormujazat
dadan, deh
tambihi mujazat ichin
shagird shagird
khalis pak, temiz, safi
saf
kisa kese
pursue teba' yitba'
ta'aqqub kar-
- qoghalamaq,
or ta'aqqab,
dan, kun
ta'qib etmek
yata'aqqab
put hatt, yahutt
guzashtan,
qomaq
or wadha',
guzar
yodha'
put out (light) taffa, yutaffi
khamush kar-
dan
siindiirmek
puttee lifafat er-rijl
bastan-i-pa
dolaq
quality jins (kind) ;
khasiyat
khassiyet, jins
^ifah (attri-
•
bute)
quantity miqdar
miqdar
miqdar
quarantine qarantinah
qarantin
qarantina
quarrel (w.) niza'/arkah
niza'
ghavgha
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
437
proprietor
Armenian.
sepaganader
protection (of bashdbanou-
weak States) tiun (thuyl
garavarou-
tiants)
province nahank
provisional
Kurdish. Syriac.
khudan, khu- mara
dan mnlk
himavat
wilayat
arrzhamanagia bo wakhte,
muaqqat
bast
wilayah
qadana
public (w.) zhoghovourt, khalk, 'am-
hanrayin matun-nas
pulse (wrist) zarg, dropoum nabz, damar
pump (n.) chrhan trumba
punish badzbel tarbya da, pe
gabin
punitive badzbagan
pupil (scholar) ashagerd
pure maqour,
anarad
purse , qsag
pursue
put
hedabndel,
haladzel .
(enemy)
dnel
qasasi, jazai
shagird
taza, pak,
kharu
kisa, jazdan,
tiirik
pesh cho,
ravandi
da nian
] am
lumza
trumbah
mqusi^le
qa mta'lamta
talmida
sapiya
kisa
'reqle bathre
mutiile
put out (light) mai'el
puttee
quality
quantity
quarantine
quarrel (n.)
zankabanag,
dzngagab
vorag, vorbi-
soutiun
qanagoutiun
qarantin
grriv
tifandin, son- muchme
der kirin
pasta, shibaqa
sifat, tab',
jins
tukhma
miqdar, kam- qudra
miyat
karantina karantina
sharr, gelj, duz drasha
438
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
quai^ry (w.)
mahjar
kan
tash-ojaghi
quarter (part
, ruba'
rub'
cheirek
n.)
(of town, n.) matallah mahalla mabale
quarter {v.) nezzel,yunezzil manzil dadan, oturtmaq
deh
quarter-master ma' mur arzaq
mubashir-e
alai emini
manazil-e
qushlin
quay
eskelah
iskaleh
rikhtem, is-
k^le
question {n.)
suwal {pi. su-
walat)
su'al
sival
quick
sari'
zud
chabuk, tez
qiiickly
bil-'ajei
zud, bi-zudi
chabuk
quiet
hadi
sakit, aram
rahat, uslu
keep quiet !
iskut
ar am bash
sus
{imper.)
quilt
lahaf
lihaf
yorghan
quinine
kinakinah
kina-kina
qinaqina, sol-
fato
ada tavshani
rabbit
arnab (pL
kharqush
aranib)
race (horse, n.
) shart, musaba
qah
- asp-davani
race-course
medan
maidan-e asp-
davani
- meidan
radish
fijl
turub or turb
turp
raft
kelek
kalak
kelek, sal
raid (n.)
; jhazu
yurish
aqin
rails
'. chutut
*amud-ha-yi-
rai
hadldiyah
rah-i-ahan
railway
sikkat
rah-i-ahan
demir yol,
el-hadid
shamandefer,
tren
railway
mahattah
mahattah
iskele.
station
.
istasion
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
439
English. Armenian, Kurdish. Syriac.
quarry (rt.) qarahanq ma' dan, ma'dan d-kipi
maqta'
quarter (part, chorrort (mas) charik, charag
n.) chwarik
(of town, w.) tagh mahallat mahal
quarter {v.) deghavorel, manzil da mu'mere, mus-
pnagetsnel kenne
quarter-master zorabed
quay qarap
question (n.) hartsoum
nazire ma -
askar, mudir
umure *as-
kariya
askalah
pirsyar, su'al
quick
quickly
zu, sevek, gurj
zu
hadi, sakit
railway
askalah
mbaqarta-
qalula^
qalula
nikba, hidya
shli, shttiq
la^efa
klnakina
kerwish
rikhta
maidan
pira
kalak
ghazu
yergatougbi ria papore urkha d-prizla
arak, shdab
shdabav,
shoudov
quiet bandard
keep quiet ! Irre, hantard besakkina,
(imper.) getsir harak na-ka
(movement)
quilt •vermag lalief , urgban
quinine qnaqina kanakina,
kinJna
rajbbit djakar, nabas- kerwishk,
dag kargu
race (horse, n.) tziarsbav asl (lineage) ;
baz
race-course asbarez mus
radish
raft
raid {n.]
rails
poghg turp, fijl, pol
lasd kalak
asbadagoutiun Idiara, ghazu
tsang, vanta-
railway
station
gayaran
440
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
rain (n.)
raisins
ram [v.)
range
(firing dis-
tance)
rank (posi-
tion, n.)
rarely
rat
read
ready «^'
rear
rearguard
reason (cause,
n.)
rebel
rebellion
receipt
receive {v.)
reckless
Arabic.
matar
zabib
sudam, yaadim kubidan, kub basmaq
masafah amaj, masafat atim, menzil
Persian.
Turkish.
baran
kishmish
yaghmur
quru uzum
ritbah
nadir, qalll,
juredi {pi. jurc-
diyah)
qara, yaqra
hadhir
wara, akhir
daraja, rutba, rutbe
jah
nadiran nadiran, az
mush-e buzurg iri sichan
khandan,khan oqumaq
amadeh, hazir hazir
'aqab geri, arqa
mu'akhkhar 'aqab-i-lashkar dumdar
el-'askar
sebeb {pi. as-
bab)
' asi {pi. ' asiyin)
jehat, mujib; sebeb.
sabab
yaghi ^si, zorba
thorah
wusul
akhadh, ya'
khudh
tayish, jasur
recoil (of gun, rafsah
n,)
recommenda-
tion
reconnoitre
tughyan 'isyan, tughyan
qabz-e rasid maqbuz senedi
giriftan almaq
bi-parwa, jesiir, yigit
bi-i'tina
lagad zadan geri.-tepish
recruit
red
reed
taw^Iyah (let-
ter)
keshshef; jesses
(of espionage)
'asker jadid
sifarish
tavsiye
keshf etmek
ahmar
qasbah, bardi
istikshaf
kardan
sarbaz-i-tazeh yeni qur'a,
'ajami (nefer)
qirmiz, surkh qirmizi
nai qamish
G^LOSSARIES OF WORDS
441
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
rain {n.)
antzrev
baran
mitra
raisins
cliamich
maiwJzh,
kishmisbta.
keshmish
yabbisbe
ram (v.)
khoy
range (firing
asparez,
hangau, masa-
- masafa, qyas
distance)
michots
fab
rank (position
, gark.. badiv,
martabah,
dergha
n.)
astidjan
qadr
rarely
toun-oureq,
bkemabi, na-
nadiran, bkem-
sagav-oureq
diran
aiitha
rat
medz moug
mishk mazin
read
gartal
khwandin,
qrele
khwinin
•
ready
badrasd
hazir
hadhir
rear
hedguys, ye-
diimabi,
1-bathra
devn
lapasbe
rearguard
vercbabah
pashe 'askare
kharayutha
(zorq)
d-askar
reason (cause,
badjar,
sabab
sabab
n.)
nbadag
rebel
absdamp. em-
post
'asi
yaghi
rebellion
absdampoutiun asawat, zorba-
khiyanatutha
dari
receipt
engalakir
gahisbt, wusiil qubz
receive (v.)
entounil,
sdanal
qabul kirin
mqabil
reckless
anhok
jasur,
beparwa
jasiir
recoil (of gun,
engrgil, yed
bar-pash
rapsa d-topang
n,)
tarrnal
hatini
recommenda-
hantznararou-
tausiyab,
tion
tiun
sipartini
reconnoitre
shrchil, khou-
kashf kirin,
zargel
j as us kirin
recruit
norabavaq
'askar nii
nazama
zorq
khatha
red
garmir
s5r, al
smoqa
reed
yegbek, srink
qamlsh, chiq
zlla, pisa
442
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
refugee
shari
firari
mubajir
refuse {v.)
rafadh, yarfadh inkar kardan,
istememek
kun
regiment
alai
fauj
alai
regret (v.)
te'essef,
afsus khurdan,
te'essuf etmek
yete'essef
kbur
regular
nidhami
sarbaz-e nizam nizami
(soldier)
regulation
qanun {fl.
qaniin, qa'ideh
L nizam,
qawanin)
usul
reinforcements imdad
madad, qu-
imdad,
shun-i-tazeb
istinadat
reins
suyiir, 'inan
'inan
gem qayisbi,
•
dizgin
relations
qarayib {sing.
qaum-u khish
kbisimlar,
(kindred)
qarib)
aqriba
release (v.)
atlaq, yutliq
rahanidan,
salivermek
or fekk,
raban
yafukk
reliefs
tebdilat
madad
tebdilat
religion
din
mazbab
din
remain
baqa, yibqa
mandan, man
qalmaq.
dhall, yadba]
il
durmaq
remember
tedhekker,
yad dasbtan,
kbatirlamaq.
yetedhekker
dar
onutmamaq
remittance
tiawalab
vajb-e firis-
bawalib, tab-
(money)
tada
wil, politsha
rent {n.)
ijar, karwab
kiraya
qira
repeat
kerrer,
takrar kardan
, tekrar soilemek
yukerrir
kun
reply {n.)
jawab
javab
jevab
report {v.)
qerrer,
ittila' dadan,
taqrir etmek,
(official)
yuqarrir
deb
isbare etmek,
kbabervermek
report {n.)
taqrir
ittila'
taqrir at
representative wakil (agent) namayanda. vekil
vakil
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
443
English. Armenian. Kurdish Syriac.
refugee pakhesdagan muhajir, dak-
hil
refuse {v.) merzhel qabul nakir la qbille, rfizle
regiment zorakount alai
regret (v.) tsavil, apsosal asaff kir, m'usufle
tengi
regular ganonavor 'askar nazami 'askaraya
(soldier) (zork) or khalis
regulation gark, ganon qanun
reinforcements nor uyzlier imdad, hari
reins yerasan, santz lighau
relations azkaganner khizm, ahl
(kindred)
release {v.) artzagel az kir, berdan
qanona
madad
leghema
kliizme
'ewedhle aza
reliefs
religion
remain
remember
remittance
(money
rent {n.)
repeat
reply (n.)
report {v.)
zoravik, baba-
gapokhoutiun
zorats
gronq
mnal
hisbel
trami pokhana-
tsoum
vartzq
grgnel
badaskban
lour dal,deghe-
gakrel
report (n.) degbegakir
representative nergayatsout-
sicb, pokha-
nort
isai, bar,
bawar
din
main, rawastin
labir batin
amanat, tas-
limhaq
kir a, kire
takrar kir
jawab
iqrar kir
taqrir
wakil, na'ib
bawar, *aun
toditba
pisble
itbele 1-bale,
tkbere
kiri
tnele
juwab
ewedble iqrar
sbidble
iqrar, sabdu-
tba
wakil
444
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
republic
repulse (n.)
request (n.)
reserve
(military, n.)
reservoir hodh
Arabic. Persian.
jamhuiiyah jumhur
difa' difa'
talbah, istid'a khahish
radif radif
ab-ambar
Turkish.
jumhuriyet
maghlubiy^t
(defeat)
rija
redif, ihtiyat-
khazna, sarnij
isti'fa
resignation , isti'fa isti'fa
resistance muqawamah, muqawameh muqaveme
difa'
musirr, tbabit, ba 'azm sabit qadem
resolute
respect (n.)
rest (v.)
restaurant
result
retreat [n.)
retreat (v.)
return (v.)
reveille {n.)
azim
i'tibar
istarah,
yastarih
sufrakhanah.
loqandab
natijab
insihab
insahab,
yan sahib
reja', yirja'
yat burasi
(Turkish)
waridah
ihtiram
jesur
hurmet
aramidan, istirahat et-
aram mek
ashpaz-khaneh loqanda
yemekkhane
natijeh netije
*aqab nisha- geri chikilish,
stan rij'at
*aqab raftan, geri chikilmek,
rau rij'at etmek-
baz amadan, donmek, geri
ai gelmek, avdet
etmek
buq-e bidari yat burasi
maliyat, irtifa' irad varidat
Revenue Idarahmaliyah Idara-ye mali- Idare-i-maliye
Department yat
reverse (n.) *aks (opposite) shikast 'aqs
review (troops, munadharah san-bini
n.)
resmi gechid
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
U^
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac,
republic
hanrabedou-
tiun
jamhiiriyah
jamhurlya
repulse (n.)
yemghel
daf ' , tard,
ravandini
mubserta
request (n.)
khntirk
darkhaz, mu-
rad, talab
matlab, ba'uta
reserve
bahesd, bahes-
-
redif
(military, n.)
dazor
reservoir
chrampar, ava
zan
- hauz, sarinj
hawuz
resignation
hrazharoum
isti*fa, 'azl
rapeta d-ida
resistance
timatroutiun
zakhmutha,
klaya
resolute
anveher, has-
tadamid
sabit, ba'azm
thabit
respect (n.)
medzaranq
hurmat, abru,
sharni
iqara
rest {v.)
hank-stanal
isai or tana
or askan, hu
nikhle
restaurant
jasharan
lokanda
lokanda,
result
hedevanq,
yelq
•
natija
retreat {n.)
nahanch
lapisht cboine
izala l-bathra
retreat (v.)
nahanchel
lapisht chon
izelle l-bathra
return (v.)
veradarrnal
wagarian, da-
hatin
d'ere
reveille (n.)
artentsir I
yelir
buri, tanbih
moiisha
revenue
yegamoud,
tahsilat,
kherj d-malku-
has
waridat
tha
Revenue
Yegamoudi
Tahsilat ma-
Waziriitha
Department
Bashdonaran
murl
d-kherj
reverse (n.)
tzakhoghanq
hazimat, shik-
asti, ravandi
basarutha
[
review (troops
), veraqnnel,
sardi ' askar
yukhlama
n.)
qnnatadel
446
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
revolution
thorah
thaureh, haya-
■ tehavvul
(revolt)
jan
revolver
warwar
shish-luleh
alti-patlar,
revolver
rheumatism
rih
dard-i-mafa§il
yel
rib
dhar(39?.
ustukhan-i-
qaburgha
dhum*)
pahlii
rice
timmen. shileb
► birinj
pirinj
rich
ghani, zengin
tawangar,
mutamauwal
zengin
ride
rekeb, yirkab
suwar shudan
, binmek, at ile
shau
gitmek
rider
khayyal
suvar
atli
riding-horse
hisan er-
rukiib
asp-i-suwari
binek at, at
rifle
tufkah, matli
tufang
tufenk
rifleman
tuflak
tufangchi
silah-endaz
right
yimna, yamln
rast
sagh (right
(right hand) ;
hand) ;
tammam
doghru
(correct)
(straight)
right away
yallah
birau ! bis-
doghrudali-
mi'Uah !
doghruya
ring (finger, n.
) mahbas, kha-
tim (seal)
angushtar
yiiziik
ripe
mustawi
rasideh,
pukhteh
61 mush
river
shat, shatt,
riid-khaneh
nehir, sii, chai
nahr (small)
irmaq
road
darb, tariq
rah
vol
road (camel)
tariq el-]imal
rah-i-shutur
deve yolu
road (mule)
iariq el-baghal
rah-i-qatir
qatir yolu
road
tariq min
shoseh
shose
(metalled)
ma' dan
road
tariq wa*ir
rah-i-wa'ir
*adi yol, 'araba
(unmetalled)
yolu
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
447
t
English,
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
revolution
heghapokhou-
'a§awat qarpi-
'isyan
(revolt)
tiun, absdam-
poutiun
vetsharvadziai
nat
revolver
I warwar
warwar
rheumatism
rhomatism,
vosgratsav
rib
goghq
parsu, parasu
parasuwa
rice
jrintz
prinj
rizza
rich
larousd
daulamand,
'attira, daula-
zengin
mand
ride
tsiavarel
hedznel
suwar bii
rkiile
rider
tzi hedzogh
suwar, khay-
yal
rakawa
riding-horse
hedzelatzi
aspe suwari
siisa d-raka-
wiitha
rifle
hratsan
tufak, tfeng
tfakta
rifleman
hratsanagir
tfenkjl
yamlna
right
ach (right
rast
(right hand) ;
hand) ;
tupangchi
oughigh
drest
(straight)
right away
on arrach !
yalla !
harra! birau!
si qlo* !
ring (finger, n.
) madani
hangustir,
gostirik,
amuswan
'jziqtha
ripe
hasoun
gehia, gahish-
tu, chebia
bshila
river
ked
av, riibar
nehra, shatta
road
janabar, oughi
jampa
rre, ria, rraiga
urkha
road (camel)
oughdi jampa
road (mule)
chorii jampa
road
khj oughi,
(metalled)
shose
road
hasarag jampa
(unmetalled)
448
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English,
Arabic .
Persian.
Turkish.
robber
harami {fl.
haramiyeh)
duzd
khirsiz
robbery
sirqah, teslib
duzdi
khirsizlik
rock {n.)
§akhr {fl.
sukhiir)
sang
qaya
rocky
musakhkhar
sang-lakh
qayali
roof
sath, sagf
(ceiling)
bam
dam
room
gubbeh, 5dhah
iitaq
oda
root
'irq
bikh
kiik
rope
habl(2?Lhibal)
risman
ip, halat (cable)
rotten
fasid (smelling), pusideh
chiiriik
kharban
rough
khashin
durusht, zibr
puruzlu, sert
dalghali (sea)
round {adj.)
mudawwar
mudauwar,
yuvarlaq,
gird
deyirmi
row {v).
jedhef, yijdhaf
paru zadan,
kiirek
zan
chekmek
rubbish
zabalah
khas-u kha-
supuruntu
shak or khai
:-
ruba
rudder
sukkan
sukkan
dumen
ruddy
ahmar
qirmizT,
surkh
qizil
rug {n.)
zuliyah
farsh, qalicha
kilim. keche
(for prayer)
sajadah
ja-namaz
sejjade
ruins
kharabat
wairanha
virane, or en
run
jara, yijri
dawldan, dau
qoshmaq
rushes
qasab
nai
qamish
Russia
Rusiyah
Rus, Urus
Rusya
Russian
Muskofi
Rusi
Moskov,
Rusyali
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
449
English.
robber
robbery-
rock {n.)
rocky
roof
room
root
rope
rotten
rough
round {adj.)
row {v.)
rubbish
rudder
ruddy
rug {n.)
(for prayer)
ruins
run
rushes
Russia
Russian
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
kogh, avazag diz, jarda, ginawa
mughlachi
koghoutiua, dizi ginawutha
avazagoutiun
zhayrr bar, sug, git kepa or kipa
zhajrrrayin
daniq
manzal, oda
rih, kok
baran, chvan waris, bang
seniag
armad
pthadz
goshd
glor
thiavarel
avellsoug ;
zibil
(Turkish)
teg
garmrorag,
garmrakuyn
basdar
sarban, sar- biqarshe, saqaf
khane
oda, manzal
a§l, qara
khaula
spisa, serya
razia, pis
zbir
la randa
mudauwar, mudauwar,
girover, khirr glola
khar, mJrdar pushika
dunbal. pishte durman
gami
sor, qrrmizi smoqa
farsh, marsha, khali
barrik
{no such thing farsh, sajjadah khalicha
used except
by Moham-
averag
vazel
kharabah kharaba
ravi, ling da 'riqle
hartzagmounq, chiqa * qanye
khoyanq
Rousia Urns, Misqof Illisqof
Rousiatsi, Misqofi, Urusi Misqofaya
Rous
Ff
450
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish
Sabbath
sebt
sabt
pazar-giinii
sack
kis (small) ;
goniyah
(large)
juwal
torba
sacred
muqaddas
muqaddas
muqaddes,
sherif
sad
hazin
ghamgin
miikedder,
mahziin
saddle {n.)
serei
zin
eyer
saddle {v.)
serej, yisraj
zin kardan,
eyerlemek, eyer
kun
vurmaq
saddlebag
khurj
khurj in
heibe
safe (adj.)
amin
bi-salamat
sagh
sailing-vessel
safinah,
mahailah
kashti-yi-badi
yelken gemisi
sailor
mellah ;
kashti-ban,
gemiji
khala^i (on
mallah
river steamer)
sails
shuru'
bad-ban, shira'
' yelkenler
salary
ma' ash
mavajib
ma' ash; ailiq
•
(monthly)
salt
milh
namak
tuz
salute {n.)
temenni ;
tahiyeh,
selam
ta' dhim
(milit.)
sallam.
salam
salute (v.)
sal am kardan,
selamlamaq
yusallim
kun
sally out {v.)
kharaj *ala,
kharij shudan.
chiqish etmek
yakhruj *ala
shau
same
wahid, ferd
hamin, bara-
bir, farqsiz,
shikl
bar
'aini
it is all the
ma yukhalif
hamin -ast
ikisi bir
same
this is the
hadha mithl
in ba an yakist
ikisi bir
same as thai
: dhak
sand
rami
rig
qiim
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
451
P English.
Armenian,
Kurdish.
Syriac.
Sabbath
(Sunday) Gi-
Sabt
shabta
•
ragi ; (7th
day = Satur-
day) Shapat
sack
barg, dobrag
juwal, kisa
kisa
sacred
sourp, srpazan
1 haram, mu-
qaddas
qudlsha
sad
dkhour
damai, dilsoti
, ghabina.
khamin
pshlma
saddle [n.)
thamp
zin
sarga
saddle {v.)
thampel,
hamedel
zin kir
msuregle
saddlebag
bayousag,
khurjiq
pashazin,
khourjin
khurjin
safe {adj.)
abahov
amin, pana
salamal
sailing-vessel
arrakasdanav
sailor
iiavasti
mallah, ga-
michi
gamichi
sails
arrakastq
salary
toshag, vartzq haq, haiv,
muwajib
mahngana
salt
agh
khwe
melkha
salute {n.)
voghchuyn
salam, selav
•
shlama
salute {v.)
voghchounel
selav da
drele shlama
sally out {v.)
khoyanal,
hartzagel
zhdarva hat
npiqle baraye
same
nuyn
wak, nazir
mukhdaigid
it is all the nuynn e har au bukh- awa bigiane
same waya
this is the jisd ador bes e au wak awa adhi mukh-
same as that daigid adhi
sand avaz khiz, rami khize, 'epra
f£2
452
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
sandbank
sandal
hawi, ramli,
jurf
na*al(pZ. na'a
pushte-yi-rig
[) na'l, charuq
sighliq
chariq
sandy
Saturday
ramali
Yom es-sebt
rigi
Shambeh
qiimlu
Jum'a-ertesi
saucepan
saucer
sausage
save
saw (w.)
tawah
sa^in, ma'un
bastarmah
khallas ;
yukhallis
(rescue)
minshar
digcheh
na'lbakl or
nalbaki
sasisam, char-
ghanda, or rij
da-qe aganda
rahanidan,
rahanornaja
dadan, deh
arreh
tenjere
finjantabaghi
sujuq (dry) ;
- bumbar
(fresh)
qurtarmaq
destere
say
I say
gal, yagul
ana agul
guftan, giii
mi-giiyam
soilemek, de-
mek
deyorim
thou sayest
inta tagul
mi-gu'i
deyorsin
he says
hua yagul
mi-giiyad
deyor
we say
ihna nagul
mi-gii'im
deyoriz
you say
int« tagulun
mi-gii'id
deyorsiniz
they say
hum yagulun
mi-giiyand
deyorlar
I shall say
ana agul
khaham guft
deyejeyim
I said
ana gult
guftam
dedim
scales (balance, mTzan
pilla, kiffa
terazi, mizan
n.)
scarcely
bil-kad;
bi-sa'ubeh
(with diffi-
culty)
bi-dushwari
nadiran, he-
man, giich
hal He
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
453
i English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
sandbank
avazap, ava-
zathoump
sandal
drekh
kalik, rashik,
cliarokh
soli
sandy-
avazod
Saturday
Shapat
Shamba,
Yauma
Shamu
d-shabtba
saucepan
san, aman
qazan, tan jura
distitba, qidbra
saucer
kavati aman
zhirpiala, bin-
bashqap
tas, aman
d-steikan
sausage
yercMg
mambar,
muhsbi
save
prgel
khalas kir mkhulisle
saw {n.)
say
I say
thou sayest
he says
we say
you say
they say
I shall say
I said
sghots
usel, asel
yes g asem or
g'usem
tou g'ases or
g'uses
an g'ase or
g'use
meng g'asenq
or g'usenq
touq g'aseq
or g'useq
anonq g'asen
or g'usen
yes bidi asem
or bidi usem
yes asetsi or
usi
scales (balance, gshirr
n,)
scarcely haziv
harrek, mashar masarta, min-
shar
baizhin, gotin imere
az dabaizhim kimrin
tu dabaizhe kimret
au dabaizhet kimer
am dabaizhin Mmrokh
hun dabai- kimrutun
zhin
wan dabai- kimri
zhin
az dabaizhim bid'amren
ma got imeri
terazun, shin masatha
nadiran, nadiran
bkemahi
454
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turhish.
scatter
sbettet,
pasbidan,
dagbitmaq,
yusbettit
pasb
sacbmaq
scbool
medresab,
maktab, mad-
• mekteb
mekteb
raseb
scissors
maqas§
miqraz
maqass
scout {n.)
kasbsbafab
{fl.) ; sab-
barab
talaya-dar
izji, kesbaf
screw (pro-
parwanab
cbarkb
isqru
peller)
sea
bahr
darya
deniz
seal (stamp, n
.) muhr
mubr
mubr
sealing-wax
lukk
lak
mubr-bal-
mumu
searcbligbt
nur barqi
cbiraojb-i-
kesbf-i-ziva
barqi
season
fasl, musim
fasl
mevsim
sea-wall
musannayab
deniz rikh-
teme, dalgba
qiran
second (num-
tbani
duvum
ikinji
ber)
secret (w.)
sirr {ft, asrar)
sirr, raz
sirr
secret {adj.)
sirri
sirri
sirr, gizli
secretary
katib {fl.
dabir, katib
kyatib; sirr
kuttab)
kyatibi (private
secretary)
secretly
sirran, kbufya-
makbfi,
gizli
tan
panban
security
emniyab; kafa-
lab (pledge)
■ aman
emniyet
see
sbaf, yasbiif or
ra'a, vara
didan, bin
gormek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
455
English.
scatter
school
scissors
scout {n.)
Armenian.
tsrvel
tbrots
mgrad
ted, bahaban jasus
Kurdish. Syriac.
blau kir, wa- mburbizle
randin
maktab madrasah
miqash
miqqas
gashosha
screw (pro-
peller)
sea
seal (stamp, n.
sealing-wax
searchlight
season
sea-wall
bdoudag
dzov
gniq
gnqamom
lousakhuyz
(parosneren
yev naveren
artzagvadz
khouzargou
luys)
yeghanag
dzova-badnesh
burghi,charkh burghi, charkh
bahre, darya
muhr, mur
lak
f asle sale
yama
mohr
lak
shukhlapa
d-shata
second (num- yergrort
ber)
secret {n.) kaghdniq
secret {adj.) kaghdni
secretary qartoughar,
krakir
dui, duani, treyana
sani
sirr, penhani raza
katib
katiba
secretly
security
see
kaghdnapar bdizi, zhepani b-raza,
b-tushwa
abahovoutiun, aman, pan- iltlzam, sala-
yerashkhavo- hani, amnlat matutha
routiun
desnel ditin, chau khzele
pai kir
456
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
seek
dawwar 'ala,
justan, ju
aramaq
yudawwir *ala
or fettesh,
yufettish
seize
kadhdh, ya-
giriftan, gir
^abt etmek,
kudhdh or
tutmaq, girift
lezem, yilzam
etmek
self
nefs {fl. nuf us)
khud, khish
kendi
sell
baS yabi'
furukhtan,
furush
satmaq
semaphore
simafor
ishareh
nama'i
semafor
send
ba'ath, ylb'ath
firistadan,
gondermek,
or arsal, yursi
I firist
irsal etmek
sentry
nobachi {fl.'
qarawul,
nobetji
nobachiyah)
pasban
separate
farraq,
tafriqeh kar-
ayirmaq
{trans.)
yufarriq
dan, kun
separately
airi
juda-juda
airi airi
sepoy-
*asker hindi
sipahi-ye hind
sipahi
September
Ailul
Mihr-mah,
Ailul
Eimi
sergeant
chawush
wakil
chawiish
sergeant-major bash chawush
vakil-e avval
bash chavush
servant
khadim {fl.
naukar
hizmetji
khuddam)
serve
khadam,
khidmat kar-
hizmet etmek,
yikhdam
dan, kun
ishini gormek
settle (an ac-
sedd, yasidd
ta'diya namu-
hissablashmaq
count)
dan or kar-
sazi kardan
sew {v.)
khayyat,
yukhayyit)
dukhtan, diiz
dikmek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
457
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
seek piitrrel taftish kir, mputishle
pe garrian
seize
prrnel
girt in
erele
self
inqn
khwa, bkhwa
begian {with
pronouns)
sell
dzakhel
ferohtin,
feroshtin
mzubenne
semaphore
tzaynadar,
tzaynapogh
(kortzig vorov
navabedn
g'khosi)
send
ghrgel, ou-
henartin,
mshudere
ghargel
shandin
sentry
bahnort
naubachi
naubachi
separate
anchadel,
juda or jia kir
, preshle
(trans.)
pazhnel
pishirandin
separately
zad zad
parcha-parcha
>, b-prishutha
yak-yak, juda
juda
sepoy
zinvor hntgas-
tani
sipahi/askar
rajala
September
Sepdemper
Aimi
Ilul
sergeant
hisnabed
chawish
chawish
sergeant-ma j(
Dr hisnabed
wakil bashi,
chaush d-ta-
chawish
bur
servant
dzarra, sbasa-
khulam, nau-
ghulama kha>
vor
ker
dim
serve
dzarrael,
khizmet kir
khdimle
sbasavorel
settle (an ac- hashiv vdjarel
count)
hisab kirin,
haq dan
qate
sew {v.)
garel
dirun, duran- khetle
din
458
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
sextant
shade {n.)
shake
shallow
shame (n.)
shave {v.)
sheep
sheet (bed)
Arabic.
sextant
Persian,
u^turlab
Turkish.
sextant
dhul. fe sayeh giilge, saye
harrak, ynhar- takan dadan, sarsmaq, salla-
rik or nafadh, deh
yanfudh
gesh, (moi) payab
qalil
'aib sharm
zeyyin, yuzey- tirashidan,
yin tirash
ghanam gusfand
charchaf chadar
maq
sigh
hi jab, ayib
trash etmek
qoyun
charshaf
sheet (of paper)warqah varaq
shell (n.) guUeh {fl. gulel) khumpareh
shell {v.]
ship
shirt
shoal
tabaqa
mermi, qiim-
bara
dharab bi-top, khumpareh an- qumbara
yadhrab bi- dakhtan, an- atmaq
top daz
markab kashti, jahaz sefine, gemi
qami§ ; thob pirahan gomlek
(outer shirt)
shelhah dasta sigh yer, sighliq
shoe {n.) qandarah, . kafsh, pineh papush, qun-
papush dura
shoe {v.) na'*al, yuna"il na'l band kar- na'alamaq
dan, kun
shoot rama, yarmi gululeh an- tufenk atmaq
or dharab bi dakhtan, an-
ra§a§, yadhrab daz or tir an-
dakhtan,
andaz
shop dukkan {fl. dukkan diikyan
dukakin)
shore sahil kinar, sahil sahil, sii kenari
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
459
Emjlish.
Annenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
sextant
sextant,
angiunachap
shade {n.)
shouk, sdver
si, keresi
tella
shake
tsntsel,
takandin, ju-
npi?le
sharzhel
mandin, we-
shandin
shallow
dzandzagh
borr
borre, duktha
di-psa'a
shame {n.)
amot
sharm, ruswai
hishmat
, 'aiba
shave [v.)
adzilel
tirash kir, kur
kir
gre'le
sheep
vochkhar
meh, paz
'erba
sheet ( bed)
savan
jajim, char-
chaf
ghata, jajim
sheet (of paper) terfc
kaghaz
tabaqa
shell in.)
rroump
gunbilta d-tope
shell (v.
rrmpaharel
ship
shirt
shoal
shoe {n.)
shoe (v.)
shoot
nav
shabig
tzgneram
goshig
baydel, nalel
kndagaharel,
zarnel
garni, markab markwa
kiras siidra
jama' at, guriih qumsal
(crowd) ; na-
kur, na-qol,
borr (shallow)
sol, pelav, na'l §aule, na*la
na'l kir
mnu'elle
avitin, taqan- twere nishan
din
shop
shore
khanout,
krbag
ap, yezerq
dikkan
dikkana
nezike ave, sa- siptha d-maya
hil
460
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turhish.
short
qa^Ir
kutah
qiRsa
shot (act)
ramyah, chelah tir, guliileh
qurshun,
sachma
shot (bullets)
sechem
shoulder
kitif {dual
kitifen)
dush
omuz
shout (v.)
sah, yasih
bang zadan,
baghirmaq
shovel (w.)
mijraf
zan
paru
kiirek
show (v.)
shawwaf, yu-
namiidan,
gostermek
shawwif; bey
- nuina
yen,yubeyyen
(prove)
shrapnel
shrapnel
shrapnel
shrapnel
shrine
mazar (place of mazar
ziyaret
visitation)
shut {see close) sedd, yasidd
bastan, band
qapamaq
sick
maridh, waj'an bimar, na-
khasta, keifsez
khush
sickle
menjel
das
oraq
side
janib, sob
pahlii
yan, janib
siege
muhasarah
muhasareh
muhasere
sieve
mankhal,
gharbal
ghirbal
elek, qalbur
sight (of gun)
neshengah
nishangah
nishan-gyah
signal
isharah
isharat
isharet
silent, to be
seket, yiskut
khamush shu-
sus Imaq or
dan, shau m
^ sukiit etmek
sakit shudan,
shau
silting
radm, ditilah
gil-band
qum ve cha-
mur seddi
silver {adj.)
min fidhdhah
nuqra'i
glimiish
silver (n.)
fidhdhah
nuqreh
glimiish
short
shot (act)
shot (bullets)
shoulder
shout (v.)
shovel (n.)
show {v.)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 461
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
garj kurt kerya
harvadz, sachma, risas gunbilta, sach-
kndag ma
ous, thigounk mil, pil
rusha
kochel, tsayn dang or hawar m'uyitle,
dal kir, kalin §rekhle
thiag paru, hestiv roshta, marra
tsuyts dal nishan da mukhzele,
mukhwele
shrapnel shrapnel
(pegorq bay-
thogh kndagi)
shrine khoran
shut {see close) kotsel, pagel
sick hivant
sickle mankagh
side goghm
siege basharoumn
sieve magh
sight (of gun) nshanatsuyts
(hratsani)
signal nshan, aztan-
shan
silent, to be Irrel, lourr
nmal
mazar,. ziaiat ziarat
bestin, kuch- ghleqle
andin
nasakh, nakh- kriha, nakh-
wosh wosh
dasik, manjal, magla
turdas,dasiila
teref, janib janib, dipna
hisar hisar
bezhing, helik, sarida
tiilak, pala
nishangah sipa nishangah
nishan
nishan
dav girt, be- shtiqle
dang bii
silting
silver (adj.)
silver {n.)
dghmalits
ardzathia
ardzath
gilband
ziv, ziw
skara
sema
462
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
since (prepos.)
min
ta, az waqti
keh
-danberi(si(^a;)
since (adv.)
ba'ad
since (because)
li-an, min heth
sinful
khati
gunahqar
gunahli
sing (v.)
ghanna, yug-
avaz khandar
L, turku chaghir-
hanni
sarayidan
maq
sink {trans.)
gharraq, yu-
gharq kardan,
batirmaq
gharriq
kun
sink {intrans.) ghariq,
gharq shudan
, batmaq
yaghraq
shau
sir (to native)
effendim
aqa
effendim, agha
(to European) sahib
aqa, miisqu
bey effendi,
chelebi
sister
ukht {]pl.
khahar,
qiz-qardash
akhawat)
hamshlreh
sit
qa'ad, yaq'ad;
nishashtan,
oturmaq
jeles, yijlis
nishJn
size
kubr
andaza .
biiyiiklik
skilful
mahir
hunarmand,
zaring
hiinerli
skin (inflated) garbah
mashk
tulSm, kelek
skirmish
munawashah
zad-u khurd,
qaravuli
cherkha
sky
es-sema
asman
gok
slaughter in.)
dhibh
kushtar
qirim
slaughter [v.)
dhebeh,
kushtan, kush kesmek, helak
yidhbah
etmek
sleep {n.)
nom
khabidan
uyqu
sleep {v.)
nam, yanam
khabidan,
khab
uyumaq
sleeve
kumm {pi.
astin
kol
-
akmam), rudn
slow
bati; muta-
'akhkhar (of
watch)
yawash,
yawash
yavash
slowly
ahisteh
yavash yavash
^ala kef
small
saghir
kuchak
ufaq, kiichlik
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
463
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
since (prepos.)
horme hede
zhwakht
min
since {adv.)
minch
since (because]
) kanzi
min sabab
sinful
meghavor
gunahkar.
khudan suj
khiltana
sing (v.)
yerkel
istiran bezhin
ban kirin
, zamir
sink (trans.)
s ouzel,
ungghmel
mughriqle
sink {intrans.)
souzil.
dabinda or bin
. ghariqle
ungghmil
av cho
sir (to native)
baron
khwaja, agha
effendi
(to European
l) baron
baig, bag
sahib
sister
quyr
khushk,
khung
runishtin
khatha
sit
nsdil
itule
size
chap, hasag
mazinati,
giirutha
gaurai, qadar
skilful
jardar, hmoud
'aqil, tezhfahm shatir, mahir
skin (inflated) dig, barg
charm, ziqq
ziqqa
skirmish
tetev grriv
sharr
sky
yerginq, ot
asman
rqi'a
slaughter (w.)
godoradz
nkhara
slaughter [v.)
godorel,
sbanel
qoun
kiishtan, zabh nkhere
sleep {n.)
khawa, khau
shintha, dma-
kha
sleep {v.)
qnanal
newestin
dmikhle
sleeve
thev
bal, huchik
darpilta, brai-
dhatha
slow
gamats
pegiran, ya-
wash
yaqura
slowly
gamatsoug
yawash ya-
wash
hedi h^di
small
poqr, manr
bechuk, hur
zora
464
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic,
Persian.
Turkish,
smaller
asghar
kuchaktar
daha kiichiik
smallpox
jidri
abila
chichek 'illeti
smell {n.)
rihah
bu
qoqu
smell {trans.)
ishtemm,
bu kardan,
qoqlamaq
yashtemm
kun
smell (to stink) antan, yuntin
muta'affin
qoqmaq
shudan, shau
smoke (n.)
dukhan
dud
duman
smoke (to-
sharab titen,
tutun kashi-
tiitiin ichmek
bacco, V.)
yishrab titen
dan, kash
smooth
malis
saf , hamwar
diiz
smuggling
tehrib
tahrib az gum
- qachirma
ruk or az gun
i-
ruk gurlzan^
dan
snake
hayyah
mar
yilan
snow {n.)
thelj
barf
qar
so (thus)
hichi
chunln or in
taur
boile
so and so (n.)
fulan
fulan
filan
soap
sabiin
§abun
sabiin
sock
jorib {pi, juwa
rib)
- jurab
chorab
soft
leyyin
narm
yimushaq
soil (earth)
trab
"khak
topraq
soldier
*asker
sarbaz
'asker
solid
qawi, jamid
mujassam
metin, qavi
some
shweya
qadri
bazi
somebody
f erd wahid
shakhsi
bir kimse
something
ferd she
chizi
bir shei
sometimes
ba'dh e]-
ba'zi auqat,
ba'zi kerre
awqat
ahyanan
somewhere
fi ferd makan
yakja
bir yere, bir
yerde
son
ibn {pi. benin)
pisar
oghl
song
ghina,
naghmah
awaz
tiirkii, sharqi
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
465
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
smaller
aveli poqr,
poqrakuyn
dzaghgakhd
bechukter
besh zora
smallpox
hawla, awlik',
, shalqu, khwa-
khiiri
tlta
smell (w.)
hod
behn, biien
rikha
smell [trans.)
hododal, hod
arrnel
behin kir
shqille rikha
smell (to stink]
1 hodil
behin da
iwelle rikha
smoke [n.)
dzoukh
dukal, diid
tnana
smoke (to-
dzkhel
tutun vakh-
shtele tutun
bacco, V.)
warin
smooth
harth
sa, hulu
rakikha
smuggling
abi anq pakht-
snel, maksa-
nengoutiun
qachagh
snake
otz
mar
khuwi
snow (w.)
tziun
bafr
taiga
hatkha
so (thus)
aisbes, asang
wasa, wusan
so and so (n.)
aisinch aininch flankas
pi] an
soap
sabon
sabun
sabun
sock
koulba
gora, jurav
girwa
soft
gagough
narm
chalabi
soil (earth)
hogh
'ard,akh
'upra
soldier
zinvor
'askari
'askari
solid
amour
qaim
matin, zarbana
some
qich, mi qich,
chand, hindik
khakma
qani me, qich
me
somebody
mege, vomn
kasak
kha nasha
something
pan me
tishtik, tishki
kha mendi
sometimes
yerpemn
jareki, jarjar
khakma ga-
hatha
somewhere
oureq, degh mi
b'ardak
be-khdha dUk-
tha
son
vorti
kurr, zaro
brona
song
yerk
stiran
zmara
ag
466
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
soon
sooner
sortie {n.)
sound {adj.)
sound (noise)
sounding
(water)
soup
sour
sour milk
south
southern
south wind
sow [v.)
Arabic.
*an qarib, fi
awwal waqt,
bil-'ajel
gab]
Persian.
zud
zuttar
khuruj, huj- hamla-ye
mah khuruj
sahih salim
saut(2}/.aswat), §ada
hiss
ghumq el-moi miqyas
shorbah
hamidh
leben
jinub
jinubi
shergi
zara', yizra*
ab-i-gusht
turush
mast
janub
janubi
bad-e janiib
kashtan
Turkish.
chabuk, tez
daha chabuq,
daha erken
khuruj, hujum
sagh, saghlam
ses
isqandil etmesi
chorba •
ekshi
yoghurt
jenub, qibla
jeniibi
jenub dan esen
ruzkiar
ekmek
spade
spark
sparrow
speak
spear {n.)
specially
specie
spectacles
speed
misha, mihfar
shararah
* asf ur [fl. ' asa-
fir)
haka yahki or
tekellam,
yetekellam
ramh {pi. ar-
mah)
khasusan
makhsus
nuqiid
mandharat
sur'ah, 'ajalah
b!l
akhgar,
sharareh
kunjishk
naiza
khususan
naqd
ainak
sur'at
bel, kiirek
qighiljim,
sherare
serche
guftan, giii soilemek
gharghi, mizraq
bashlija
naqd, meskiu
kiat
gozlik
siir'at
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
467
English.
Armenian,
Kurdish.
Syriac.
soon
shoud
zu
qaliila
sooner
aveli shoud
ziitir
bush zoda
sortie (w.)
hartzagoum
(azadvelou)
hujiim
plat ta le plasha
sound {adj.)
arroghch
sakh
saghh salim
sound (noise)
tzayn,
hnchiun
dang
qala
sounding
dzovachapou-
(water)
tiun
souj^
abour
shorba
shorba
sour
ththou
tersh
khamiisa
sour milk
madzoun
mast
masta
south
haraf
junub, qiblat
juniib, taimna
southern
harafayin
tarefe qiblate
south wind
haravayin hov
bae junub
pokha temnaya
sow (v.)
tsanel,
til avitin, kil-
zare
sernianel
andin, chan-
din
spade
prichj pah
bial, ber, man
• mawal, roshta,
marra
spark
gaydz
prisk, chrisk.
pall
, shararitha
sparrow
jnjghong
chiiki, ma-
sip I" a
luchka, chuli
speak
khosel
gotin, akhaftin muhkele
spear {n.)
' nizag
riim
zerga, rumha
specially
hadgabes
khusu§an, ga-
lagter
specie
hnchoun tram
naqd, ziv
naqd
spectacles
agnots
aineki, cha-
wank
chashmi
speed
arakoutiun
lazi, sur'at
sur'ah, qalii-
lutha
G
g2
468
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
spend
spirits
Arabic. Persian.
?araf, yasrif ; sarf kardan
enfeq, yunfiq
araq
spoon khashugal
spring (season) rabi'
spring (of *ain moi
water)
spur shabiir
spy (w.) jasus
squadron firqah
nautical)
squall (wind) dbarbah
square {adj.) murabba'
araq
qasbuq
bahar
cbashmeh
niihmJz
jasus
Turkish.
sarf etmek,
kharj etmek
raqi
qashiq
ilk bahar
punar, cheshme
mahmuz
jasus
daste-yi-kasb- donanma, filo
tiha-yi-jangi
stable
tolah
bad-i-tund
murabba'
tawlleh
bora
dort kiisheli
akbur
staff (of army, arkan el-harb sar-kardagan- erkian-i-harb
n,) e qushun
stagnant (of khayis, wagif istada
water)
staircase
stalks (of
millet or
maize)
stallion
derej
saq
nardban,
pallet
shakheb
fahl {pl.iuhvd) asp-i-nar
pill tambr
stamp
(postage, n.)
stand (t;.) wagaf,yogaf or istadan, ist
qam, yaqum
star nejmah {fl. sitareh
nujum)
starboard yamin rast
hard a-star- tammam
board lil-yamm
durghun, aq-
maz
merdiven
saplar
aighir, at
pul
ayaqda dur-
maq, dikilmek
yildiz
sanjaq jiheti,
sanjaq tarafi
alabanda yali
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
469
English.
spend
spirits
Armenian.
dzakhsel
Kurdish.
kharj kirin
'araq
Syriac.
kharij
'araq
kauchik, liask matamta
bahar bahar
kani 'aina
sqata
jasusa
vokelits umpe-
liq, oghi
spoon ktal
spring (season) karoun
spring (of agbpiur
water)
spur kbtban, mtrag pishin
spy {n.) Irdes jasus
squadron koumardag ;
(nautical) dormigh (of
battleships)
squall (wind) jich, aghaghag, ba mazin
potorig
square {adj.) qarragousi cbargoh, mu- murabba'
rabba*
stable akhorr, kom paga, akhur bikare
stafT (of army, arkane harb
n.)
stagnant (of Ijatsadz (chour) be-harakat,
karapech
water)
sakin, na-
hingivin
staircase
sandukh
pilakan, erde-
van salal
• simalta
stalks (of
tsoghoun
shakh, pal
qorma
millet or
maize)
stallion
krasd (mada-
fahl, tamazalk fahla
gakhantz)
stamp
namagatroshm
pul
marqa, tambr
(postage, n.)
stand {v.)
ganknel
rawustan
qimle, klele
star
asdgh
star, hassara
kaukhwa
starboard
arrachagoghm
navi
last
lianme
hard a-star-
ghegn tebi
board
ach
470
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
starvatioD (n.) ju' ; mot ju' gurus nagi ajliq
hal {fl. ahwal)
mahattah
baq, yabuq
bukhar, isbtim
markab bu-
khar,
bakhirali
fuladh
min fuladh
steering-gear alat el-idarah
steersman sukkanchi
stem (of ship) §adr el-
markab
state (condi-
tion)
station (rail-
way)
steal
steam
steamer
hal
mahattah
duzdidan,
duzd
bukhar
kashti-yi-bu-
khari
steel (n.)
steel {adj.)
akhir
el-markab
khadim
*a§a, 'iidah
ila '1-an
rikab
stern
steward
stick (n.)
still (of
time)
stirrups
stock (of a gun) qundaq(j9?.qa-
nadiq)
stoker nari,
waqqad
stomach batn, ma*dah
«tone ha jar (pi. hijar)
stony liajari
stop (intrans.) wagaf, yogaf
piilad
puladi
dumandu
pishi-yi-jahaz
pusht-i-jahaz
chub-i-dasti
hanuz, ta bi-
hal
rikab
kundeh
atashi
shikam, mi' da
sang-sar
istadan, ist
hal
mahatta (in
Syria), iskele,
istasion
chalmaq
bughu, bukhar
vapor
chelik
chelik
dumen-aleti
dumenji
geminin bashi
geminin qichi
qamarot
deinek, sopa
daha, henoz
iizengi
qundaq
vaporun
ateshjisi
qarin, mi'de
tash
tashli
durmaq
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
471
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
starvation {n.) ansvagoiitiim, birsiti, birchi, kipna
anotoutenne zhbirsa mi-
merrnil
state (condi- vijag
tion)
station (rail- gayan, gaya-
ran
koghnal
shoki
shokenav
steal
steam
steamer
rine, girani
hal
dizin
bukhar
tial
gniile
bukhar, liau-
hara
steel {n.)
steel {adj.)
steering-gear
steersman
stem (of ship)
stern
steward
stick (n.)
still {adv.)
boghbad piila
boghbadia
sharzhich
kortziq, aniv
ghegavarich dumanchi
klkhadzayr
(navi)
verchadzayr
(navi)
dndes,sbasavor
(navi)
kavazan
dagavin
khadim, khiz-
matkar
dar, gopal
hatta nuha
stirrups asbantag
stock (of a gun) goth (hratsani)
stoker
stomach
navi-gragarar
porr, stamox
stone qar
stony qarod
stop {intrans.) gank arrneJ
auzum, zengi
qundakh
zik, mada
bar
rawustan,
sakinin
poladh
min poladh
dUmanchi
ghulama
qatta
hul daha
zangul
qiindakha
ma'dah, kasa,
istiimka
kepa
mari kipi
klele, smikhle
472
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
stores
stork
storm
stormy-
story
stove
straight
strange
strap
strategy
straw
stream
street
strength
stretcher
stretcher-
bearer
strike
strike camp
string
strong
stupid
subaltern
submarine
success
suddenly
sugar
Arabic.
arzaq, dha-
khayir, alwas
(grain)
legleg
dharbah
'ajaj
hikayah
sopa, bukhari
'adil, giibal
(straight on)
gharib, 'a jib
ser
fann el-harb
tibn
nahr, mejra
shari', darb
quwah
sedyah
shayyal
dharab,
yadhrib
qala' el-khi-
yam, yakhla'
el-khiyam
khait, siitli
qawi
thaqil, balid
mulazim
ghawwasah
najah
def'atan
baghtatan
sheker
Persian.
zakhlreh
Turkish.
tedariikyat,
levazimat
laqlaq, laklak leylek, haji
baba
tufan
tufani
hikayat
bukhari
rast
gharib
tasmeh
fann-i-muha-
rabeh
kah
jui
khiyaban
zur
firtina
firtinali
hikyaye
soba
doghru
yabanji, gharib
qaish
sevq el-jeish
saman
chai, su
soqaq
quvvet
takhta
hamil-e takhta
zadan, zan
chadirha
kandan, kun
vurmaq
chadirleri
qaldirmaq
risman
qawi
na-dan
quvvetli
'aqlsiz,
shashqin
nayib mulazim
ghauwaseh tahtu'1-bahr
zafar muvafaqiyet
nagah ap-ansiz, bir-
den-bire
qand, shakar sheker
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
473
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
stores mtherq zakhira, anbar zakhira, 'anbar
stork
arakil
laglag, hajji laglag
laglag
storm
potorig, mrrig
tufan, farta-
tavia, kara-
nah
pech, tufan
stormy
potorgalits
story
badmoutiun
khabar, qis§at, haqyat
chiruk
stove
chermots
agirdan, ku-
suba
chik, bikhairi
straight
shidag,
drest, rast
drest, 'adil, dus
oughigh
strange
odar
gharib
nakhraya
strap
yeriz, pog
qaish
qaisha
strategy
rrazmakidou-
tiun
straw
hart
ka, kah
tuna
stream
arrou, vdag
av, rubar
nehra, rubara
street
poghots
kolan
alola
strength
uyzh, zorou-
zur, haz,
zakhmutha
tiun
quwwat
stretcher
badkarag
takhtah
takhta
stretcher-
badkaragagir
hammale
hammal d-
bearer
takhtah
takhta
strike
zarnel, khpel
strike camp
vranel
bar kirine
mat'one
string
lar, thel
risi, pat
gdhala
strong
zoravor
khurt, qawi
zakhma
stupid
aboush
bemezh, ah-
sakhla, ahmaq
subaltern
entasba
maq
bichuk mamur nayib
submarine
submarin
success
hachoghoutiun najah
ghalibutha
suddenly
hangardz
ghaflatan,
shghafle,
zhneshklwa
nagestan
sugar
shakar
shakar
shekar
474
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
sugar-cane
suitable
summer
sun
Sunday-
sunrise
sunset
supper
supplies
surgeon
surrender
(trans.). See
also give in
survey (v.)
Arabic.
qasab esh-
sheker
muwafiq
shems
Yom el-ahad
tulii' esli-
shems
ghuriib esh-
shems
'asha
arzaq,
muiiimmat
jarrah
sellem, yusel-
lim
Persian.
nai-shakar
munasib
tabistan
aftab
Turkish.
sheker qamishi
miinasib, laiq
yaz
giinesh
Yekshambeh Bazar-gunu
tulu'-i-aftab giin doghusu
gburub-i-aftab ghurub, giin
batisi
sham
zakbireh
jarrah
sipurdan,
sipar
aqsham ta'ami
levazimat
jerrah
teslim etmek
hendes, yuhen- misfihat kar- (araziyi) olch-
dis
dan
mek
surveyor
suspected
sweet
swelling (n.)
swim (v.)
switch (of rail-
way, n.)
sword
syphilis
Syria
table
tactics
muhendis
mashbuh
hulu, *adhb
(of water)
wurum
massah
mazniin
shirin
amas
muhendis
shubheli,
maznun
tatli
shish, shishlik
sebeh, yisbah shinawari kar- yiizmek
dan, kun
maqass mil-e naqqala-
ye rah-e ahan
sef {'pl. suyuf) shamshir qilij
frengi kuft frengi, efrenj
Esh-Sham,
Suriya
mez
harakat
harbiyah
Sham
Sham
miz trebeze, sofra
tadabir-i-har- ta'biye el-jeish
biyeh
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
476
English.
sugar-cane
suitable
summer
sun
Sunday
sunrise
sunset
supper
supplies
Armenian.
shaqareghek
harmar
amarr
arev
Giragi
arevadzak
arevamoud
entriq
bashareghen
surgeon virapuyzli
surrender hantznel
{trans.). See
also give in
survey (v.) kednachapel
surveyor
suspected
sweet
swelling {n.)
swnm (v.)
switcli (of rail-
way, n.)
sword
syphilis
Syria
table
tactics
yergrachap
gasgadzeli
anoush
ourruytsk
loghal
jiugh, aqdzan
sour, tliour
fransagan akhd
S3rria
seghan
rrazmakhagh,
tactis
Kurdish.
munasib, leha-
tin
havin
tav, tau
Yeksbamb
rubalat, su-
bahi
kbwatawa,
ghurub
shiv, cliaish-
tashav
zakhira
jarrah, hakim
teslim kir
masahat or
handasat
kirin
muhandis
bshubha,
bguman
shirin
ba girtine,
panamiani
malavan bii
Syriac
munasib, laiq
qaita
shemsha
Khaushaba
isaqa d-yauma
gnaya d-yauma
kharamsha
zakhira
jarral;!, hakim
msulemle
makhi-tanap
tanapchi
khii shubha
haluya
zirta
skhele
shir saipa
farangi, maraz
khabis
Sham Suriya, Sham
mez, sifra mez, sifra
476
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
tail
dhel {pi. dhu-
yul) ; liyah
(of sheep)
dum
quiruq
tailor {n.)
khayyat
khaiyat
terzi
take
akhadh,
ya'khudh
giriftan, gir
almaq
talk (v.)
haka, yahki
harf zadan,
zan or
guft-u-gti
kardan, kun
qonushmac
tall
tawil, 'all
buland bala
iizun boilu
tame
alif
dast-amuz
alishmish
tank
hodh
daryacha, hauz sarnij
tar (n.)
qir
qir
qatran
target
nishan
nishan
nishan
tarpaulin mushemma' mushamma' mushamba
taste (v.)
dhaq, yadhuq
chashidan,
chash
tatmaq
tax (n.)
mTri, resm.
baj
vergi
'oshor (tithe)
5
khumas (i)
tea
chai
chai
chai
tea-cup
piyalah
finjan
chai finjani
tea-pot
kurl
qiiri
chailiq
teach
'allam,
ta*lim dadan.
ogretmek
yu'allim
deh or
amiikhtan,
amuz
tear (v.)
shaqq, yashuqq pareh kardan,
yirtmaq
telegraph {n.)
telegraf
teleghraf
telegraf
telegraph
telegraf-
teleghraf-
telegraf-khane
office
khanah
khaneh
telescope
darbin
durbin buzurg
durbin
tell
qal li-, yaqul li-
- guftan, gui
soilemek
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
477
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.
tail aki, ' boch ' duv, dunk, tiipra
dulik, boch
tailor (n.) tertzag derzi derzi
take arrnel, vertsnel helgirtin, shqille
birin, standin
talk {v.) zroutsel, gotin, akhav- muhkele
khosel tin
tall
yergayn
drezh
yarikha
tame
undani, undell
kedi, ahli
kadi, ahli
tank
avazan
litch, sarinj
hawliz
tar {n.)
sev tziut
qlr, zift
qir
target
nshaged,
nshan
momlat, mo-
nishan
nishan
tarpaulin
mushamma'
mushamma'
mazodz gdav
;
monshamba
(Turkish)
taste {v.)
jashagel
tam kir
tme'le
tax (n.)
harg, dourq
baj
kherj
tea
chay, they
chai
chai
tea-cup
teyi-kavat
fiujane chai
isteikau, chini
tea-pot
teyaman
kiize or tan-
jure chai
chaipas
teach
sorvetsnel
talim kir, dasi
b muliple
ousoutsanel
da
tear (v.)
badrrel
deryan,bizdan
din
- jiqle
telegraph {n.)
herrakir
teleghraf
teleghraf
telegraph
herrakradoun
teleghraf-
teleghraf khana
office
khanah
telescope
herratidag
dorbin
dorbina
tell
usel, asel
gotin, khabar
da
mukhbere
478
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turhish.
tenant (n.)
musta'jir
musta'iir
qiraji
tent
chadir, khemah khaimeh,
chadir
chadir
tent-peg
watad {pi.
autad)
mikh
chadir qazighi
tent -rope
habl el-chadir
rasan, tanab
chadir ipi
than
min
az
-dan {suffix)
thank
sheker,
shukr kardan,
teshekkiir
yishkur
kun
etmek
that {conj.)
ann
ki
ki
that {pron.)
hadhak (fern.
hadhik)
an
o, ol
thaw (n.)
dhawaban
gudaz-i-yakh
qarlarin erimesi
thee
-ek {fern, -eki
tu-ra
Sana {dat.), serii
or -ech)
{accus.)
their
-hum {suffix)
-i-ishan {sujffix
) onlarin
theirs
malhum
mal-i-ishan
onlarin-ki
them
-hum {suffix)
ishan-ra
onlara {dat.),
onlari {accus.)
then (at that
hadhak el-waqt dar an waqt
ol vaqit
time)
then (after
thumma
ba'd az an
ondan soiira
that)
thence
min hinak
az anja
oradan
there
hinak
anja
orada
there is
aku
hast or manjud var
ast
thermometer
mizan el-
miqyas-i-
mizan-i-
hararah
hararat
hararet
these (pron.)
hadhol, hel
inha
bunlar
they
hum
ishan
onlar
thick
thakhin
kuluft, ambiih
L qalin
(of trees, &c.
) . "
thief
harami,
bawwaq
duzd
khirsiz
thimble
kushtiban
angushtaneh
yiiksiik
thin
raqiq, dha'if,
khaflf
laghar, nazik
inje, za'if
thine
malek (/em.
maleki)
mal-i-tu
seninki
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
479
English.
tenant (n.)
tent
tent-peg
tent -rope
than
thank
that {conj.)
that (pron.)
thaw (n.)
thee
their
theirs
them
then (at that
time)
then (after
that)
thence
there
there is
Armenian.
vartsagal
vran
vranatsits,
vrani tsits
vrani lar
qan
shnorhagal
linel
the, zi, vor
at, ayt, ayn
tsogh
kez, skez
Kurdish.
kirchi, kirikir
mal, kun, cha-
dir
senk, mikh
bang, rist
zh . . . la , .
shiker kir
ki
av, an
av buyan
ta, tii
anonts -wan, awan
anontsn yawan
zanonq (accws.) -wan
anonts (dat.)
an-aden avjar, wejare
aba, hedo
andi, ande- zhwedare,
ghen zhera
ayn-degh, ant audare, aora
ga haya
thermometer chermachap
these {pron.)
they
thick
thief
thimble
thin
thine
asonq
anonq
tantzr, khid
kogh, avazag
madnots
nosr, barag
qougt
van, aman
van, awan
ustur, tir
(of liquid)
diz
kishtabani
zrava, larr
yata, mal eta
Syriac.
ijaradar
kwina, chader
stunta
khaula de-
kwina
min
shkere, tanen
minta
d-
awa, 6
pishrana
-6kh(yem.-akh)
-waihi
diyaihi
-naihi
ai gah
bar
min tama
tama
Tth
ghaliz, qishya
(of liquid)
ganawa
kishtabani
naqidha, ra-
qlqa
dyokh
480
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
thing
she
chiz
shei
think
ifteker, yaf-
pindashtan,
diishunmek.
tekir
pindar
zann etmek
thirst {v.)
'atish, ya'tash
tishneh shu-
dan, shau
siisuz olmaq
thirsty
'atshan
tishneh
susuz
this
hadha {fern.
hadhi), hel
in
bu
thither
ila hinak
ta anja
oraya
thorn
siiok
khar
diken
camel -thorn
'agiil
khar-e shutur
devc dikeni
those {fron.)
hadholak ;
hadhik (of
thiDgs)
anan, anha
onlar
thou
enta or inta
{fem. enti)
tu
s6n
thread
khait {fl,
khuyut)
nakh, rishteh
iplik
threaten
hedded, yu-
tahdid kardan, tehdid etmek,
heddid
kun
qorqatmaq
threshing
dos
khirman kiibi
kharman (et-
mek)
throat
halq
galu
boghaz
through
fl, bi-
az miyan-e
-dan {suffix)
thunder
ra*d, qaraqf
ra'd
gok giirlemesi
Thursday
Yom el-
khamis
Panjshambeh
Pershembe
thy
-ek {fem. -eki
or -ech)
tick (insect)
qarad
kene
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
481
English.
thing
think
thirst {v.)
thirsty
this
thither
thorn
camel-thorn
those {fron.)
Armenian,
pan, ir
mdadzel,
khorhel
dzaravil
dzaravi
ays
Kurdish,
tishtak
fakkirin
tihna or tl,
bu
tina, tl
av, ama
Syriac,
mindi
mtukhminne
shele
§ehya
adhi, aha
on antr, hon lawedare tama
poush derrik, duiru, kitwa
khar
derrik, duiru, kitwa d-giimh^
khar
adonq, anonq van anai
thou
thread
threaten
threshing
throat
through
thunder
Thursday
thy
tick (insect)
tou
the], tertzan
sbarrnal
gamnel, tsoren
dzedzel
gogort
meg goghmen
miuse, me-
chen, michot-
sav
vorodoumn
Hinkshapti
qou
tziasdats
(michad),
gene, gana
tu
ayet, ate
risi, dezhi, gdhadha
machir
tahdid kir ewedhle tahdid
malish kirine,
la bidar avi-
tin, daq kirino
giirl, gilii, qur- qdhala
rig
liniv, zhniv m-go
dandar, dangi gargimma
asman, hau
rataqa
Penjshamb Khamshau-
shaba
nil
482
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian,
Turkish.
ticket
teskerah
balit, tikat
billet, teskere
tidal
dhu medd
§ahib-i-madd
medd ve
u jazar
jezr-den
tide
medd wa-jizr
madd ii jazar
suyun qabar-
masi ve chekil-
mesi
fiood tide
medd
madd
medd
ebb tide
jizr
jazr
jezr
tie {v.)
shedd,
yashidd
bastan, band
baghlamaq
tight
mashdud
sift, tang
siqi
Tigris (R.)
Ed-Dijla
Dijla
Dijla
tile {n.)
qarmid (flat-
shaped)
sufal, qarmid
kiremid, tughla
till
hatta
ta
-e -qadar
time
waqt {pi.
waqt, gah,
vaqit
auqat)
zaman
what time is
besh es-sa'ah 2
che sa'at ast,
sa'at qach dir ?
it?
or sa' at chand
ast?
(number n.)
marrat, nob at
daf a' at
defa
timid
khayif,
khawwaf
tarsan, tarsu
qorqaq
tired
ta'ban
khasteh
yorghun
tithe («.)
*oshor; khu-
mas (i),
da h -yak
ondaliq, ushr
to
ila
bi-
-e, -a {suffix)
tobacco
titen
tambaku,
tutun
tiitiin
to-day
el-yom
imruz
bu giin
toe
iisbu' er-rijl
anffusht-i-pa
ayaq parmaghi
to-morrow
bukrah, bacher farda
yarin
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
483
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syrictc.
ticket
domsag
sanad, billet,
tikat
bilit
tidal
deghadvayin
tide
yev magn-
tatsayin
magntatsou-
tiun yev-degh
advoutiun
-
flood tide
ebb tide
tie {v.)
(flow and ebb)
had] el, partz- madde bahre
ranal (chour
dzovi)
nvazil (chour jazre bahre
dzovi)
gabel giri kir, sha-
dandin
i?ere
tigbt
bind, birg
tang
hazlqa.
Tigris (R.)
Dikris
Ave mazin.
hezzoqa
Digiat
tile [n.)
gghmindr
karpechj hajur karpech
till
minchev
hatta, ta
hul
time
zhamanag
zaman, wakht
zauna
wbat time is
; zhame kani e ^
' chi wakhta ?
Ba*at k-ma
it?
ileh?
(number, n.)
timid
ankamner
yergchod
jara, naqla
tersok, kemdil
gahi
zadoa
tired
tithe (n.)
hoknadz
dasanort
wasta, manig
deh-ek, 'ushr
jihya
siraya
to
tobacco
arr, i
dzkhakot, tu-
tun
la, -e {suffix)
tutun
ta, 1- {frejix)
tutun
to-day
toe
aysor
vodqi mad
avro, amro
telpe
idyo
subeta d-aqla
to-morrow
vaghn
subahi, baiani
§apra
nh2
484
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turhish.
tongue
lisan {fl.
alsinah)
zaban
dil
to-night
hel-lelah
imshab
bu geje
tonnage
mihmal el-
mahmiil
geminin
markab
tonelatasi
too (also)
aidhan, hum
ham
dakhi
tool
alah {pi alat)
alat
alet
tooth
sinn (fl. asnan
or sinun)
dandan
dish
toothache
waja' sinn
dard-i-dandar
I dish-aghrisi
top-boot
jazmah
chakmeh
chizme
torpedo (w.)
lughm [pi.
algham)
torpil
touch {v.)
mess, yamiss
dast zadan,
zan or lams
• kardan, kun
doqunmaq
tough
qawi
sift
sert, qati
tow (v,)
gala§, yaglas
kashidan
chekmek
towards
nahu. ila
su-yi-
tarafina {after
the word)
towel
peshkir
dastmal
hauli, peshgir
tower
burj {pi. buruj) burj
qule
maftul (Arab
watch tower)
town
beled
shahr, qasabeh shehir
(small)
track
ether, tariq
rahcheh
yol, iz
trade (com-
tajarah
tijarat
tijaret, alish-
merce, n.)
verish
trader
tajir {pi. tujjar
) tajir
tujjar
train (railway, qatr, qi^ar
qitar-e rah-e
tren
n.)
ahan, tiran
translate
terjam,
tarjumeh kar-
terjume etmel
yuterjim
dan, kun
translation
terjumah
tarjumeh
terjume
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
48-
English.
tongue
to-night
tonnage
too (also)
tool
tooth
toothache
top-boot
torpedo (n.)
Armenian.
lezou
ays kisher
daroghoutiun
(navi)
nuynbes
kortziq
adam
adamnatsav
yergan goshig
torpedo
Kurdish. Syriac.
azman, zwan lishana
av shava, am idlaile
shau
zhi, z!, ham
alat
dudan
darde dudan
ham
alitta
kaka
mar'a d-kaka
chekme
touch (v.) shoshapel dast girtin gishle fa-
tough
tow (v.)
towards
towel
tower
town
track
trade (com-
merce, n.)
trader
train (railway,
n.)
translate
translation
tpchil
gardzr, bind
navaqarshel
tebi
srpich,
yeressrpich
ashdarag,
amrots
qaghaq
hedq
vajaraganou-
tiun
khanoutban
shokegarq
tarkmanel
tarkmanou-
tiun
sart sart, qeshya
gami kishan- garish
din or dar
inan
tarafe 1-balad, 1-
kafiya, khaoli kaffiya
burj burja
shahr, bazhar mdhita
daus daus
tijarat, bazir- tajirutha
gam
tajir, bazirgan tajir
train, papor mashina
tarjamat kir mturjimle
tar jamah tar jamah
486
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
transport {v.)
naqal, yanqal
haml-u naql
kardan
naql etmek
travel {v.)
safar, yusafir
safar kardan
yoljuluq etmek
traveller
musafir
musafir
yolju
treacherous
khayin
ghaddar
khain
treaty
mu* ahadah
mu' ahada
*ahd-name,
mu'ahede
tree
shejerah {pi.
shejer)
khandaq {pi.
dirakht
aghach
trench
gaudal,
hendeq, siper
khanadiq)
khandaq
tribe
qabilah {pi.
qabayil),
'ashirah {pi.
*ashayir)
il, qabfleh
qabile, 'ashiret
tributary (of
shakhah
shu'ba-yeriid-
- chai diger bir
stream)
khana
chaia mun-
sabb olan
trigger
zanad
pistanak,
shaitanak
tetik
trot {v.)
hedheb,
luk luk raftan
ris gitmek,
yehdheb
ilgar gitmek
trouble («.)
kedr, kalufah
zahmat
zahmet, siqindi
trough (of
hodh
hauz, nava
avlaq
water, n.)
{better, abish-
ahur)
trousers (Euro- pantalon
pantalon
pantalon
pean)
(Oriental)
sirwai
shalvar, turn-
ban
hidnat, tark-i-
■ shalvar
truce
hudnah
- mutereke
aslihah
truck
*arabah
'arabiyeh
vagon
true
sadq, ^ahih
rast
gerchek,
doghru, sahih
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
487
English.
transport {v.
travel {v.)
traveller
treacherous
treaty
tree
trench
tribe
Armenian.
) ourish degh
danil
jamportel
jamport
nengavor
Kurdish. ISynac.
naql kirin, labil
haml kirin,
birrin
safar kirin, *awid sapar
garrianin
rem, rewanchi, urkbachi
rebuar
ghaddar, kbain ghaddar, khain
sharat nania
tashnakroutiun ' ahd
dzarr dar ilana
khram khandaq
tsegh, dohm *ashiret, mal 'ashirah
tributary" (of hargadou ked
stream)
trigger
trot {v.)
trouble (n.)
trough (of
water, w.)
tzkan
suyr, yerakn-
thats
vishd, hok,
neghoutiun
gour, ourt
rubar
paya, chaq-
maq
luk lok cho
zamat, peri-
shani, tikil,
khuduk
sangav
trousers (Euro- antravardiq,
pean)
(Oriental)
truce
truck
true
' pantalon '
vardiq
zinatatar
pats perrna-
garrg, sayl
irav, jshmarid,
oughigh
hacha
uqlad-topang
mluqliqle
zahmat
'agana
pantul
pantaluD,
shall
darpe, shall, shalwar
peshma
havaliye
ithaya li-khdha
dh6
rast, drest, haq, sarast-
sarast trusa
488
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian, Turkish,
try jarrab, yujar- kiishidan, clialishmaq
rib kush (endeavour) ;
tejribe etmek
(experiment)
Tuesday
Yom eth-
thalatha
Sebshambeh
Sali-giinii
tug (boat)
markab jarrar
jahaz-kash
remorqueur,
chatana
i tunel
tunnel (n.)
sirb {pi. esrab) naqb-e rah-e
ahan (a rail-
-
way tunnel)
turban
leffah, *ima-
mah
imama
sariq
Turk
'Osmanli
Turk, 'Osmani
L 'Osmanli, Tiirk
Turkey
Turkiya
Rum, Khak-i-
Memalik-i-
'Osmanl
*osmaniye,
Turkiya
geri diinmek
turn back
raja', yirja*
bar gardidan,
turret
burj {fl. buruj) kungureh
top qulesi
unbeliever
kafir (non-
Moslem)
kafir
giaur, dinsiz
uncertain
mashkuk
mashkuk
shubheli
uncivilized
mu mutemed-
den, wahshi
vahshi
medeniyetsiz
unconscious
ma yahiss
bi-hiish
baighin,bekhud
(insensible ;
khabefi olma-
yan (unaware)
uncultivated
kharab
bi-a ban
ohollik
under
joa, taht
zir
altinda
understand fehem, yifham fahmidan,
fahm
qinder way musafir rawaneh
anlamaq
hareketde
olan (gemi)
undress oneself neza' hudiim, rakht kandan, soyunmaq
yinza' hudum kan or lukht
shudan shau
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
489
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac,
try chanal tajrib kir mjurible
Tuesday-
Yereqsbapti
Seshamb
Tlathaushaba
tug (boat)
qashogh nav,
navatzik
tunnel (w.)
sdorergria-
antsq
kuna chia
kan
turban
Turk
patdots
Tourq
kulav, kopin
Turkl/Os-
manli
shumla,
pushiya
Osmanli
Turkey
Tourqia
Turkiya
Turkiya
turn back
bed tarnal
zevirrin, wa-
d'ere l-bathra
turret
unbeliever
bourg
anhavad
garrian
burj
kafir
burj a
kapura
uncertain
uncivilized
anorosh
angirt
na-ma'liim, be- la khatirjam
haqiqat
tamaddunsiz bi terbiyat
unconscious
anked, ousha-
behish
*
fqida heshshe
knats
uncultivated anmshag
under nerqev, dag
understand
under way
hasganal
i sharzhman,
yertalou vra
undress oneself hanvil, mer-
bizhiar,bizhun bura
binda, zhir khothed . . . ,
eltekh
fahm kir fhimle mparmi
musafir musafir,
pashata
Jul dar man shlekhle julle
490
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
unexpected mu muntazar nagahan umulmamish
uniform
kiswah *askari-
rakbt-i-nizami
uniforma,
(soldier's)
yah
forma
unjust
dhalim
bi-in^af,
zalim,
sitamkar
insafsiz
unkind
mulatif, qasl
na-mehrban
merhametsiz,
jefakiar
unload v.
nafadh, yan-
kbalikardan,
boshaltmaq
fadh
or bar pay in
avardan
*
unlucky
mash'um
bad-bakht
bakbtsiz,
zevali
unpleasant
mu latlf
napasand
nakhosh
unripe
akhdhar
na-rasida
olmamush
unsafe
mukhtir
na-amn
tehlikeli
unshod
hafi
pa-barahna,
bl-na'l
na'alsiz
unsuitably
mu muwafiq
na-muwafiq
yaramaz,
munasebetsiz
untrue
mu ^ahih,
durugh (lie)
yalan (lie) ;
kidhb
doghru deyil
up (of motion) ila f oq
bala
yuqaria, yu-
qarida
upon
*ala
» urgent
dharuj'I
zaruri; fauri
(sudden)
musta'jel
urine
bol
shash
sidik
us
-na {suffix)
mara
bize {dat.),
bizi {accus.)
use (v.) ista'mal, yas- isti'mal kar- quUanmaq
ta'mil dan, kun or
bikar burdan,
bar,
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
491
English.
unexpected
uniform
(soldier's)
unjust
unkind
unload
Armenian.
ansbaseli
hamazkesd
anartar
Kurdish.
lanishkiwa,
zhghafle
Jul, kenj
Syriac.
d-la idhatha or
intizar ghafla-
tan
julle
zalim, be-insaf, zalim, be-insaf
bedad
ankout, dmarti, berahmat, be- bi rakhmi
gosht muruwat
(pere)barbel bar dainan mrape tana
unlucky anpaklit
unpleasant anhajo,
unripe dhas, khag
unsafe
unsbod
anabahov
anbavd
berisq, be-
bakht
nakhwosh
na-chebia, na-
gehla. na-
gaishti '
be-aman,
mukhtir,
daraki
pai-rut, pai-
tazi, pai-
khaos, pai-
luit
unsuitable anharmar
untrue anjist
up (of motion) ver
upon vra
urgent garevor, sdi-
boghagan
urine mez, sherr
us mez {dat.)
smez {accus.]
use (v.) kordzadzel
arast,
nadrest
zhor, bar, hal l-'ulul
d-la risq
nakhwosh, d-la
lutf
kal
na-salamat
d-la soli
lak-layeq, la
munasib
daggala, diigla
lazim, wajib
miz, mis
-ma (suffix)
isti'mal kir
*al
lazim, band
juri, tine /
-an [suffix)
mustu'mille
mpalikh
492
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arahic.
Persian.
Turkish.
useful
mufid
bafa'idehjSud
mand
-fa'ideli
useless
bila fayidah
bi-f a'ideh
fa'ide-siz, bosh,
yaramaz
usually
*adatan
'adatan
'adetan,
ekseriya
vain
ras kabir
bihuda ; khud
- maghrur
(proud) ; bi-la
pasand
(proud) ;
fayidah (fu-
(proud)
bosh (futile)
tile)
vain, in
*abathan
'abath
nafile, bihude
valley-
wadi
arreh
dere
valuable
thamin
qlmatdar
qimetli
vanguard
rawad, muqad- qaravul, talay
a muqaddimet
damah
veal
lahm 'ijl
giisht-i-
gusaleh
dana eti
vegetables
khadhrawat
sabzi
sebzevat
veil (for
pushi, pardah
ruband
yashmaq
women, n.)
vengeance
tha'r
intiqam
intiqam
verandah
tarmah
aivan, bar-
iistii qapali
amada
balqon
verbally
shifahan
zabani
shifahan
vermin
qaml (lice)
kirm (worms) ;
; kehle-pire-
hasharat
maqulesi
very
kathir, kuUish
bisyar
pek, cho([
victory
ghalbah,nusrah fathi, ghalabeh
nusret, ghalebe
victuals
at'imah
khurdani,
yeyejek iche-
azuqah
jek
view (v.)
mandhar (of
manzar,
nazaret
scenery) ; rai.
, chashm-andaz
fikr (opinion)
village
jama' ah (of
deh (of huts);
koi, qarie
huts) ; qar-
kapportia-ye
yah (pi. qura)
mu'askar
vine (grape, w,
.) tislaqah
angir
asma
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 493
English. Amienian, Kurdish. Syriac.
useful okdagar mufid, b'ish mari paida
useless anokoud namufid, beish d-la manfa'ah
usually sovorapar *adatan 'adatan
vain zour, vochinch, batil, be-fa'ida batila
barab
vain, in
valley
valuable
vanguard
veal
vegetables
veil (for
women, n.)
vengeance
verandah
verbally
vermin
very
victory
victuals
view {v.)
village
vine (grape, n
1 zour
hovid
knahadeli
arracbabahq
horti mis
ganacheghen
dzadzgots
vrezh
jemelik
pernatsi
karshadjdji
shad, huyzh
haghtoutiun
baren, bashar
yerevoyt, de-
saran
kiugh, shen (of
huts) avan
.) vort
*abathan, ma-
nasiz
dol, nuhal
thamin, bahali
paishe 'askare
goshte guerik
or gah
zarzawat
izar
tol, intiqam
diwan, qirish
daviidav,
zhdav
kirm, kurum
galak, per
bezand, ber,
ghalaba
zakhira,
khwarin
manzar, chav-
bina!
'abath, b-go
batiliitha
wadT, ra'ola
mari tima
bisra d-sharkha
zarzawat
chudra, cher-
showi
tol
ewan
b-kemma
righja
raba
ghalaba
zakhira. ikhala
khzeta
gund, gundik, mata
avahi (of
huts) ; dikaya
raz, daritiri, gipta
494
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
violent shadid, kharij sakht, tund eliiddetli
visit (m.) ziyarah ziyarat ziyaret
visit [v.) zar, yaziir ziyarat kar- ziyaret etmek
dan, kun
visitor khattar (6-. and meliman musafir
pl.)
voice sawt (y?L a§wat) awaz ses
volley (n.) ramyah slialik yayilim
volunteer mutatawwa* dau-talab gunuUii *asker
(soldier, n.)
voyage seferel-bahr safar-i-darya denizseferi
wade
khadh,
dar ab rab
su-da yiiriimek
yakhiidh
raftan, rau
wage (daily)
yomiyah
ruzana
giindelik
(monthly)
skakriyah
mabiyana
ailiq
waist
hizam
kamar
bel
wait
istandhar,
yastandbir
mandan, man
beklemek
wake {trans.)
ga'*ad, yuga"id bidar kardan.
oyandirmaq
kun
wake up
bass, yahiss
bIdar sbudan,
oyanmaq
(intrans.)
sbau
walk (v.)
mesba, yim-
rab raftan,
gezmek, yayan
shi
rau or gardish gitmek
kardan, kun
wall
hayit {pl.
hItan)
diwar
duwar
wanting (miss
- naqis
i«g)
war
harb; muhara-
jang
barb,
bab
mubarebe
warehouse {n.
) 'ambar {pl.
ambar-e
magbaza
*anabii')
amti'a
warm
barr; dafi
garm
sijaq
(moderately)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
495
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
violent
pourrn, sasdig
tizh, mazin
zarbana, zakh-
TYIQ
visit {n.)
aytseloutiun
zyarat
Ilia
ziara, fqada
visit {v.)
aytselel
zyarat kir
fqedle
visitor
hyour, aytse-
za'ir, mehwan, arkha
loii
mevan
voice
tzayn
dang
qala
volley (w.)
hratzkoutiun
shelik
volunteer
gamavor {mn-
*askar bekh-
b-rizaye, dota-
(soldier, n.)
vor)
wastine or
lab
voyage
wade
bdile
dzovaknatsoii- safar safar
tiun, dzov-
antsq
antsnel (ked, daravehd khidble
chour)
wage (daily)
oragan (vartz).
haq, muzd
haq a d-yoma
(monthly)
amsagan
halv, haqe
muwajibd-yeT'
(vartz)
haiva
kha
waist
mecliq
pisbt
navtanga
wait
sbasel
intizar kir,
khmelle,
cbav kir
hmelle
wake (trans.)
zartetsnel,
kisliar kir
muqimle min
artntsnel
shintha
wake up
zartnoul,
bishar bu
qimle min
[intrans.)
artnnal
shintha
walk (v.)
qalel
pla ebon, bza-
lami ebon
rkhishle
wall
bad (of a bouse
diwar
guda
0
or garden)
wanting (miss
- bagas
ing)
war
baderazm
sbarr, jeng
sharre
warehouse (».)
mteranots
'anbar, makh
zan
- umbarkhana
warm
daq, jerm
garm
khamima
496
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
warn khattar, yu- agahi dadan, ikhtar etmek,
khattir deh khabervermek
wash {trans.) ghassal, yu- shustan, shui yiqamaq
ghassil
wash oneself ightasal, khudra yiqanmaq
yaghtasil shustan, shui
wasp zambur {pi. zambur or eshek arisi
zanabir) zambur-e khar
waste {trans.) dhayya', zayi' kardan, israf etmek
yudhayyi' or kun
etlef , yuthf
lay waste {v.) kharrab, yuk- kharab kardan kharab etmek
harrib
, watch {v.) haras, yahrus nigah dashtan, gozlemek,
or natar, dar bekjilik etmek
yantur
watch (n.) sa'ah sa'at sa*at
watch (on ship) naubah naubat varda
watchman
nobachi
didaban
otji, bekji
water moi
water-bottle matriyah
(military)
water-carrier saqqa
water-closet edebkhanah
water-skin garbah
ab
shishe-yi-ab
saqqa
khala
mashk
dulab
water-wheel na'ur
(for irrigation)
wave (w.) moj (pL am- mauj
waj)
we ehna or ihna ma
weak dha'if za*if
su
mastara
saqqa, su]i
abdest-khane
su tulumu
dolab
dalgha
wealthy
biz
quvvetsiz
za^if
zengln ; ghani daulatmand zengin. parali
{pi. aghniya) or mutamarvil
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
497
English,
Armenian.
Kurdish,
Syriac,
warn
zkoushatsnel
inzar or kha-
bar, da
mukhbere
wash (trans.)
Ival
shshtin, shu-
tin, blava kir
mkhulille
wash oneself
Ivatsvil
wasp
bidzag
muzizar, sTra-
muz
zerqita
waste (trans.)
sbarrel,
hinda kir,
msiikere,
pchatsnel
zayi* kir
mburbizle
lay waste (v.]
1 averag anel
kharab kirin,
kambakh
kirin
daish
watch (v.)
hsgel
agah bu
ntere
watch (n.)
zhamatsuyts
sa*at
sa'ah
watch (on ship) ted, hsgoghou-
• naubat
nauba
tiun
watchman
bahaban,
naubachi,
qarawiil
kisherabah
didawan,
pas wan
water
chour
av, au
mia
water-bottle
srvag, chri
shish
water-carrier
chrgir
saqqa, avdirl
saqqa
water-closet
ardaqnots
adabkhana
abidast
water-skin
chri dig,
mashk.
ziqqa
chradig
jawana
water-wheel
vorokoumi
na'or
diilaba
(for irrigation) aniv (chro)
wave (n.)
aliq
gandapelle
we
menq
ma
akhni, akhnan
weak
dgar, thuyl
bewaj, zabiin,
za'if, mhila
wealthy
harousd
sis
daulatmand,
zengir, khire-
mal, daulo-
mand
dolatmand
MES I
I i
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish. '
weapon
silah {fl. esli-
hah)
silah
silah
wear (dress)
lebes, yilbas
pushidan,
push
geimek
weather
hawa
hawa
hava
wedge
ginah
mikh
qama
Wednesday
Yom el-
Chaharsham-
Charshamba
arba'a
beh
week
isbii' {j)!.
asabr)
hafteh
hafta
weigh {trans.)
wazan, yozin
sanjidan, san;
j tartmaq
weight
wazn
sang, wazn
aghirliq
well (healthy)
muta'afi,
kefuh zen
khub
eyi, sagh
well {n.)
bir {j)l. abyar)
chah
quyu
well (Persian-
na'ur
su dolabi
wheel)
well-known
mashhur
mashhur
meshhur
west
gharb
maghrib
giin batisi,
gharb
western
gharbi
maghribi
gharbi
wet {adj.)
mubellel (of
tar, namnak
yashli (day) ;
thing) ;
nemli, islan-
mumtir, matri
mish (thing)
(of day)
what
ma
ancheh (that ne
which)
what ?
shinii, shlon,
esh?
cheh ?
ne?
wheat
hiantah
gandum
boghdayi
wheel
charkh
charkh
tekerlik
when {adv.)
lemma
chiin, waqtl
keh
ne-zeman
when ?
metaoryimta?
kai?
ne vaqit ?
whence
min en
az kuja
nereden
whenever
yimtama
har gah
her ne vaqit
where
wen, en
kiija
nerede (in) ;
nereye (to)
wherever
wenma
har kuja
her nerede
English.
Artnenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
weapon
zenq
chakk, silati ♦ chaka
wear (dress)
haknel
libas or bar,
kir
Iweshle
weather
ot, yeghanag
hawa, rujgar
paukha
wedge
seb, kam
seppena
Wednesday-
Choreqshapti
Charshamb
Arbaushaba
week
shapat
hafta
shabtha
weigh [trans.)
gshrrel
pivan, kishan
kish, girani
tqille
weight
gshirr, dzan-
tuqla
routiun
well (healthy)
lav, agheg
sakh
sakh
well [n.)
hor
bir, kani
bera
well (Persian-
chrhori aniv
wheel)
well-known
qajadzanot,
anvani
mashhur
i(Vhr'a, mashhur
west
western
arevmoudq
arevmdian
maghrib, ruja-
wai
■ ma'rwa, gharb
wet {adj.)
thats,
thrchvadz
shil, tarr
talila, talla
what
inch
teslit
ma, mindi
what ?
inch?
chi?
maha ? ma ?
wheat
tsoren
ganim
khette
wheel
aniv
dolab
when {adv.)
yerp
waki
iman
when ?
yerp?
kengi?
iman ?
whence
ousdi
laku, zheku
min aika
whenever
yerp-ev-itse
bar jar
kull gaha d-
where
our
aika
wherever
our yev itse
harja
aika d . . .
1 1
500
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
whether . .
which ?
whip {n.)
whirlpool
white
whither
who, which
who ?
whole {adj\)
whose ?
why
wicked
wide
widow
wife
wild
willing
win
wind (n.)
wind {v.)
window
windy
wine
Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
or idha ... yo or khah . . . khah ya . . . yakhod
au
e, ya ; yahii ? kudam ?
(without noun)
taziyaneh,
shallaq
qamchi
khora
girdab
hangi ?
qamchi
girdab
abyadh safid beyaz, aq
li-wen bi kuja nereye
elledhi, elli keh ki
men ? keh ? kim ?
tammam, kull salim, tamam bitiin, hepisi
(all)
mal men ? mal-e ki ? kimin ?
lesh chira nichun
sharir, shetan sharir f ena
*aridh pahn genish
armalah (pi. biveh-zan dul
aramil)
zojah ; harmah zan, zan jeh qari, harem
(Arab)
wahshi ; barri biyabam, yaban
(of fruit) wahshi
radhi razi gUniillii
ghalab, yagh- ghalib shudan, qazanmaq
lib (over- shau
come); hassal,
yuhassil (gain)
hawa bad riizg}^ar
dawwar, yu- pichidan, pich, qiirmaq
kfik kardan,
kun (a watch)
daricheh, pen j ere
rauzan
badi riizkiarli, yelli
dawwir
shubbak
bi-hawa
sharab
khamr, mai sherab
English.
whether . .
which ?
whip (n.)
whirlpool
white
whither
who, which
who ?
whole [adj.)
whose ?
why-
wicked
wide
widow
wife
wild .
willing
win
GLOSSARIES
Armenian.
or artioq
vore ?
kharazan
hortzanq,
chrerou bdoyd
sbidag
our
ov, vor
ov?
polor, ampoghj
voroun ?
inchou
char
layn
ayri gin, ayri
gin
vayreni
hozharagam
haghtel
OF WORDS 501
Kurdish. Syriac.
yan . . . yan
chi, kizhan ? eni ?
qamchi qamchi
garr, garrav girdab
spi, boz khwara
la'arde ki laika d-
ki d- {prefix)
ki ? man! ?
sakhlam, salim saghlam, salim
ya ki ? d-mani ?
bochi, chira qamudi
bizha, gunah- bisha
kar, mufsid
pehn, ferrah pethya, wasi*
zhinabi, bemer armiltha
zhin bakhta
kuvi, daba barbraya
muti*, dvet muti*, kba'e,
kibe
ghalib bu, ghlible
birrin
wind (n.)
wind {v.)
window
windy
wine
qami
volorel,
bdoudagel
badouhan,
lousamoud
hoghmalits,
qamiod
kini
ba, wa
pichandin,
pichin
shabbaka,
penjara
paukha
mukhdhere
shabbaka
mai, sharab khamra
502
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English^
Arabic
Persian.
Turkish.
wing
janah
par, bal
qanat; jenah
(of army)
winter
shita
za mist an
qish
wire
tel hadid
Sim
tel
wireless
telegraf bi-la
telegraf-i-bi-
telsiz tele-
telegraphy
tel
sim
graf
wise
'aqil, fa him
'aqil, dana
'aqlli
wish {v.)
rad, yarid
khastan, khah istemck
with (instru-
bi-
ba
-ile (suffix)
.mental)
with (accom-
ma'a, wiya
ba
lie beraber
panying)
withdrawal
insihab
takhliya, baz-
- uzlet
(military)
gasht, aqab.
nishastan
without {prej).) min-dun, bi-
bi-, bidun-i-
-siz {suffix)
dun, bi-la (bell)
witness (w.)
shahid {pL
■■ shuhud)
shahid
shahid
wolf
dhrb ifi
dhiyab)
gurg
qurt
woman
harmah, marah zan
khanum (lady
{pL niswan)
; qadin, qari
wood (fuel)
hatab
hizam
j^dun
wood (forest)
ghabah, zor
bisheh :
orman
wood
(material)
woollen '
word
work {n.)
khashab
min suf
;kalimah (pi.
kalimat)
shughl
work {intrans.) ishtaghal,
yashtaghil
world dunya
worse, worst ^ adwan, el-
pashrain
kalimeh
kar
kar kardan^
kun
dunya
badtar.
ad wan ; a'tal, badtarin
el a'tal
odun
yunlu
soz
ish
ishlemek, cha-
lishmaq
dunya
daha fena,
en fena
GLOSSARIES
; OF WORDS
mi
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
wing
tev
bal, bask
parra
winter
tzmer
zewestan
sitwa
wire
medoghately
herrakir
tel
wireless
antel herrakir
telegraphy
wise
imastoun,
'aqil, zana
'aqil, fahima
khelatsi
konana
wish (v.)
tsangal
khwazin, ma-
ram kir
mshuhele
with (instru-
{not in use
ba
b- {'prefix)
mental)
separately)
with (accom-
panying)
withdrawal
hed
gal, lagal
'imm
yed qashvil,
pesh-pash
madirta
(military)
nahanchel
choin, bar-
spash choin
without (prep.) arrantz
be
d-la, be
witness (n.)
vga
shah id
sahda
wolf
kayl
gurg
dewa
woman
gnig, digin
(lady)
zhin
bakhta
wood (fuel)
payd
dar
qaise
.wood (forest)
andaar
ghabah,
hawJgah
ghaba, hawTga
woollen
prteghen
zhheri
min amra
word
parr, khosq
gota, soz, zar
tanaitha,
khabra
piilkhana
work (n. )
kordz,
shol, shukhul
sbaghoum
4
work {intrans.
) ashkhadel
shiil kir, kar
plikhle
kortsel
kir
world
ashkhar
dunya, 'alam
'alma, dunye
worse, worst
aveli kesh,
amenakesh
kharabter
besh kharaba
604
GLOSSARIES OF AVORDS
English, Arabic.
worth (be) sawa, yiswa
wound (n.) jurh {^pl. juruh)
wound-dresser rabbat juruh
Persian. Turkish.
arzidan, arz qimeti (its
worth is ,
wound (v.) jarrah, yujarrih zakhmkardan, yaralamaq
kun
zakhm yara
marham guzar timarji
wounded
majruh
wreck [n.) markab mad-
miir, hatam
wreckage damar
wrist {n.)
write
I write
thou writest
he writes
we write
you write
they write
I shall write
khusr
keteb, yiktub
iktub
tiktub
yiktub
niktub
tiktubun
yiktubun
iktub
thou wilt
write
he will write
tiktub
yiktub
we shall write niktub
vou will write tiktubun
they will
write
I Vrote
thou wrotest
he wrote
she wrote
yiktubiin
ana ketebet
inta ketebet
hiia keteb
hiya ketebet
yaralanmish
gharq
zakhm
khurdeh
kashti-yi-
shikasteh
khurdaha-yi- qirinti,
kashti kharabe
much bilek
navishtan,
navis
ml-navisam
mi-navisi
mi-ravjsad
mi-navisim
mi-navlsid
mi-navisand
khaham
navisht
khahinavisht
khahad
navisht
khahim
navisht
khahid
navisht
khahand
navisht
navishtam
navishti
navisht
navisht
yazmaq
yazarim
yazarsin
yazar
yazariz
yazarsiniz
yazarlar
yazajaghm
yazajaqsin
yazajaq
yazajaghiz
yazajaqsiniz
yazajaqlar
yazdim
yazdin
yazdi
yazdi
GLOSSAEIES OF WORDS
505
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
worth (be)
arzhei
hizhian
ktawe
wound {v.)
viravorel
brindar kir
jrihle
wound (n.)
verq
brin
iurha
wound-dresser
verq gabogh,
jarrah, hakim jarraha, hakim
viratarman
wounded
viravor
brindar
jrilia
wreck {n.)
navapegoutiun
wreckage
pegorq (nava-
pegoutian)
wrist {n.)
tasdag
Zand
bilag
write
krel
newisin
kthiile
I write
yes^ g'krem
az niwisim
kathwen
thou writest
tou g'kres
tu niwisi
kathwet
he writes
an g'kre
au niwisa
kathu
we write
menq g' krenq
am niwisin
kathwokh
you write
touq g'kreq
hun niwisin
kathwutu
they write
anonq g'kren
wan niwisin
kathwi
I shall write
yes bidi krem
az deniwisim
bedkathwen
thou wilt
tou bidi kres
tu deniwisi
bedkathwet
write
he will write
an bidi kre
au deniwisa
bedkathii
we shall write
menq bidi
krenq
am deniwisi n
bedkathwokh
you will write
touq bidi
kreq
hiin deniwisin
bedkathwutu
they will
anonq bidi
wan deniwi-
bedkathwi
write
kren
sin
I wrote
yes kretsi
az niwistim
kthiili
thou wrotest
tou kretsir
tu niwisti
kthulokh
he wrote
an krets
au niwist
kthule
she wrote
ne krets
au niwist
kthula
^ The verbs can be used without the pronouns yes, tou, an, menq,
touq, anonq.
506
GLOSSAEIES OF WORDS
English.
Arabic.
Persiart.
Turkish.
we wrote
. ihna ketebna
navishtim
yazdiq
you wrote
intuketebtum
I navishtid
yazdiniz
they wrote
hum ketebu
navishtand
yazdilar
I do not write
5 maiktub
naml-navisam yazmam
lie does not
ma yiktub
nami-navisad
yazmaz
write
we do not
ma niktub
naml-navislm
L yazmaiz
write
you do not
ma tiktubun
nami-navisid
yazmasiniz
write
they do not
ma yiktubun
nami-navi-
yazmazlar
write
sand
do you write?
tiktubun ?
niT-navIsId ?
yazar-misiniz?
wrong {adj.)
mil sahib,
khatlyah (sin)
ghalati
1
doghru deyil
yacht
yakht {pi.
yot, sir gemisi.
yukhfit)
tenezzuh
vaporu
yard (measure)
1 dhr,V
gaz
arshin, yard a
year
senah {pi.
sinin)
sal, saneh
sene
yellow
afjfar
zard
sari
yes
na'am, belli
ball
evvet
yesterday
embarha
diriiz
diin
yet (of time)
ba'd
hanuz,
daha
(neverthe-
ma' hadha
ba wujud
ma'-ma- fih
less)
yine
you {plur.)
entum; (-kum
after prep, or
verb)
shuma
siz
young
shabb
jawan
genj
your
-kum {suffix)
-i-shuma,
-atan {suffix)
sizin
yours
malkum,
mal -i-shuma
sizin-ki
yourself
nef sek
khud-e shuma
kendiii
zinc {n.) tutya, zink
zone (of fire) mintaqah
riih or tiitiya tutya
mintaqah mintaqe
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
507
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
we wrote
menq kre--
tsinq '
touq kretsiq
am niwistin
kthulan
you wrote
hun niwistin
kthiilaukhu
they wrote
anonq kretsin
wan niwistin
kthiilai
I do not write
i yes chem krer
az na niwisim lak-kathwen
he does not
an, chkrer
au na niwisa
lak-kathii
write
we do not
meng che'nq
am na niwisin lak-kathwokh
write
krer
you do not
touq ch'eq
hun na niwi-
lak-kaihwutii
write
krer
sin
they do not
anonq ch'en
wan na niwi-
lak-kathwi
write
krer
sin
do you write '
? touq g'kreq
hun niwisin ?
gallo kath-
artioq ?
wiitu t
wrong {adj.)
skhal
khalat, na ta-
mam
ghelta
yacht
zposanav
yard (measure]
1 yarda, kan-
koun
gaz
dra'a
year
dari
sal
shata
yellow
ganach
zar '■
sha'utha
yes
aro
hare, bale
he, bale
yesterday
yereg
duhi, dwaika
timmal
yet (of time)
terr, dagavin
hezh, hizhi
hesh
(neverthe-
sagayn yev
walau
'immed adhi
less)
aynbes
you (plur.)
touq
hun
akhtun
young
yeridasart
juwau
jwanqa
your
tzer
-wa {suffix)
khu {suffix)
yours
tzern, tzerinn
malewa
diyaukhu
yourself
touq inqnit,
touq tzezi
tii bikhwa
ganukh
zinc (n.)
i^ing
tutya, qala
tiitya '
zone (of fire)
shrchan, kodi
'arde sharre
duktha d-sharre
IS
NUMERALS
English.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
1
wahid
yak
bir
2
ithnen
du
iki
3
thalatah
seh
iich
4
arba'ah
chahar
dort
5
khamsah
pan
besh
6
sittah
shish
alti
7
seb'ah
haft
yedi
8
thamaniyah
hasht
sekiz
9
tis'ah
nuh
doquz
•10
'asherah- --
dah
on
11
ida 'ash
yazdeh
on-bir
12
ithna 'ash
duwazdeh
on-iki
13
thalathat
'ash
sizdeh
on-iich
U
arba'at
'ash
chahardeh
on-dort
15
khamsat
'ash
punzdeh
on-besh
16
sitt 'ash
shunzdeh
on-alti
17
seb'at 'ash
hifdeh
on-yedi
18
thamanat 'ash
hizhdeh
on-sekiz
19
tis'at 'ash
niizdeh
on-doquz
20
'ashrin
bist
yirmi
21
wahid wa-
'ashrin
bist-u-yak
yirmi-bir
30
thalathin
si
otuz
40
arba'in
chihil
qirq
50
khamsin
pan] ah
llli
60
sittin
shast
altmish
70
Beb'in
haftad
yetmish
80
thamanin
hashtad
seksen
90
. tis'in
nawad
doqsan
100
mi'ah
Bad
yiiz
101
mi'ah wa-
waljid
sad-U'yak
yiiz-bir
110
mi'ah wa-
'asherah
sad-ii-dah
yiiz-on
111
mi'ah wa-
ida 'ash
§ad-ii-yazdeh
yiiz-on-bir
120
mi'ah wa-
§ad-ii-bist
yiiz-yirmi
'ashria
NUiMERALS
50<
English.
Armenian,
Kurdish.
Syriac.
1
meg
yak, ek
kha
2
yergou
du, duan
trai
3
yereq
se, sian
tlatha
4
chors
char, chwar
arha'
5
hink
penj
khamsha
6
vets
shash
ishta
7
yot
haft
shau'a
8
out
hasht
tmanya
9
inn
nah
tesh'a
10
dasn
dah
'i§ra
11
dasnnieg
yazda
khadesar
12
dasnyergou
dwazda
traisar
13
dasnyereq
saizda
teltasar
14
dasnchors
charda
arbasar
15
dasnhink
pazda
khamshasar
16
dasnvets
shazda
ishtasar
17
dasnyot
havda
ishwasar
18
dasnout
hashda
tmanesar
19
dasninn
nozda
chaasar
20 •
qsan
hist
'isri
21
qsanmeg
bist uyak
kha wisri
30
yeresoun
seh
tlathi
40
qarasoun
chel
arbi
50
hisoun
penji
khamshi
60
vatsoun
shest
ishtl
70
yotanasoun
hefti, hafta
shau'i
80
outsoun
hashta
tmanai
90
innsoun
not., not
tesh'i
100
hariur
sad
emma
101
hariur meg
sad uyak
emma ukha
110
hariur dasn
sad udah
emma wisra
111
hariur dasn-
sad uyazda
emma ukhade
meg
sar
120
hariur qsan
sad ubist
emma wisri
10
Nm
[ERALS
English.
Arabic.
Persian
Turkish.
121
mi'ah wa-
sad-u-bist-u-
yiiz-yirmi-bir
wahid wa-
yak
'ashrin
130
mi'ah wa-
thalathin
sad-ii-si
yiiz-otuz
200
miten
diwist
iki-yiiz
201
miten wa-
wahid
diwist-u-yak
iki-yuz-bir
210
miten wa-
*asherah
diwist-u-dah
iki-yiiz-on
211
miten wa-ida
diwist-ii-yaz-
iki-yiiz-on-bir
*ash
deh
220
miten wa-
*ashrin
diwist-u-bist
iki-yiiz-yirmi
221
miten wa-
diwist-ii-blst-
iki-yiiz-yirmi-
wahid wa-
ii-yak
bir
'ashrin
230
miten wa-
thalathin
diwist-u-si
iki-yiiz-otuz
300
thalat-mi'ah
sisad
iich-yiiz
400
arba*-mi'ah
chahar sad
dort-yiiz
500
khams-mi'ah
pansad
besh-yiiz
600
sitt-mi'ah
shish sad
alti-yiiz
700
seb'-mi'ab
hafsad
yedi-yiiz
800
thaman-mi'ah
hashsad
sekiz-yiiz
900
tis*a-mi'ah
nuhsad
doquz-yiiz
1,000
elf
hazar
bin
1,001
elf wa-wahid
hazar-u-yak
bin-bir
LOlO
elf wa-'ashe-
rah
hazar-u-dah
bin-on
1,011
elf wa-ida 'ash
hazar-u-yaz-
dah
bin-on-bir
1,020
elf wa-'ashrin
hazar-ii-bist
bin-yirmi
1,021
elf wa-wahid
hazar-u-bist-
bin-yirmi-bir
wa-*ashrin
ii-yak
1,100
elf wa-mi'ah
hazar-u-sad
bin-yiiz
1,101
elf wa-mi'ah
hazar-u-sad-
bin-yiiz-bir
wa-wahid
u-yak
1,110
elf wa-mi'ah
hazar-u-sad-
bin-yiiz on
wa-'asherah
u-dah
NUMERALS
511
English.
Armenian.
Kurdish.
Syriac.
121
hariur qsan-
§ad iiblst uyak
: emma wisri
meg
ukha
130
hariur yere-
soun
sad useh
emma iitlathi
200
yergou hariui
diisad
trecmma
201
yergou hariur
dusad iiyak
treemma ukha
210
meg
yergou liariur
dasn
dusad iidah
treemma wisra
211
yergou liariur
du§ad uyazda
treemma ukha-
dasnmeg
desar
220
yergou hariur
dusad ubist
treemma wisrl
221
C[san
yergou liariur
diisad iibist
treemma wisri
qsanmeg
iiyak
iikha
230
yergou hariur
dusad
treemma wi-
yeresoun
useh
tlathi
300
yereq hariur
sesad
tellath emma
400
chors hariur
charsad
arba' emma
500
hink hariur
penjsad
khammesh
emma
600
vets hariur
shashsad
eshshet emma
700
yot hariur
haftsad
eshwa emma
800
out hariur
hashtsad
tmaneemm.a
900
inn hariur
nahsad
tisha' emma
1,000
hazar
hazar
alpa
1,001
hazar meg
hazar wyak
alpa iikha
1,010
hazar dasn
hazar wdah
alpa wisra
1,011
hazar dasnmeg
hazar iiyazda
alpa ukhadesar
1,020
hazar qsan
hazar iibist
alpa wisri
1,021
hazar qsanmeg
hazar iibist
uyak
alpa wisri iikha
1,100
hazar hariur
hazar usad
alpa iiemma
1,101
hazar hariur
hazar (isad
alpa iiemma
meg
uyak
ukha
1,110
hazar hariur
hazar iisad
alpa uemma
dasn
Hdah
wi§ra
512
NUMERALS
English
Arabic.
Persian.
Turlish.
1,121
elf wa-mi'ah
hazar-u-sad-
bin-yiiz-yirmi-
wa-ida wa-
u-bist-u-yak
bir
'ashrin
2,000
elfen
du hazar
iki bin
3,000
thalat alaf
10,000
*ashrat alaf
dah hazar
on bin
100,000
mi'at elf
sad hazar
yiiz bin
i
nuss
nim, ni§f
yarim; (...and
J) . . . buchuq
J
rub'
rub', chary ak
cheirek
both (of them)
< ithnenehum
har du
ikisi
first
awwal
nukhust,
auwal
birinji
second
thani
duwum
ikinji
third
thalith
sivum
iichiiniii
NUMERALS
513
English.
1,121
2,000
3,000
10,000
100,000
4
Armenian.
hazar hariur
qsanmeg
Kurdish.
hazar usad
ubist uyak
dasn hazar
hariur hazar
ges
J qarrort
both (of them) yergoqian,
yergouqn al
first arrachin
second
third
yergrort
yerrort
dah hazar
sad hazar
niv
rub*, char ek
har du
Syriac.
alpa uemma
wisri ukha
yergou hazar du hazar trai alpe
'isra alpe
emma alpe
pelga, palga
rubi', arba* kha
terwaihi
auwal, peshin qamaya
duwi, duwan
sell, siyan
di-trai
di-tlatha
K k
614
i
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Time
Where is ?
Arabic.
Wen?
Persian.
Kujast ?
Turkish.
Nerede dir ?
Arm.
Our e ? '
Kurd.
Ki dare ?
Syriac.
Aika?
Where are they ?
Arabic. Wen hum ?
Persian. Kujayand ?
hastand ?
or Kuja
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Nerede dirler ?
Our yen ?
Kudarena ?
Aikailai ?
AND Place
Where are you going ?
Arabic.
Persian.
Wen taruh {pi. taruhun)
Kuja mi-ravid ?
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Nereye gidiyorsiniz ?
Our g'ertaq ? ,
Laki dare tchin ?
Syriac.
Laika bzalaukhu ?
Where have
you come from ?
Arabic.
Persian.
Min en jl't {pi. ji'tu).
Az kuja mi-a'id ?
Turkish.
Nereden geldiniz ?
Arm.
Kurd.
Ousti yegaq ?
Hun zhku dare ten ?
Syriac.
Min aika kithutu ?
They are here.
Arabic. Hum hina.
Persian. Inj ayand or In j a hastand .
Turkish. Burada dirler.
Arm. Hos yen.
Kurd. Lharana.
Syriac. H5lai aklia.
He is not there.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Hua mu hinak
Anja nist.
Orada dejil.
Hon che.
Na Iharaya.
Laile akha.
I am going home.
Arabic. Ana rayih ila-beti
Persian. Bi-khane-yi-khud
ravam.
Turkish, "^ve gidiyorim.
Arm. Doun g'ertam.
Kurd. Aze chim mal.
Syriac. Holi bizala 1-baitha.
We have come from home.
Arabic. Ji'na min bet-na
Persian. Az khane-jd-khud am{
da'im.
Turkish. Evden geldik.
■ Arm. Dounen eganq,
Kurd. Am sbmal batin.
Syriac. Kithukh min baitbi
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
515
Gome up !
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Utla'.
Bi-ya (Come on!); Bar
khiz (Rise up !).
Yuqariya gel !
Ver yeg (sing.), ver yegeq
{flur^ !
Wara hera !
Hayy5 lakha !
Go down !
Arabic. Inzil {pi. Inzilu) !
Persian. Bi-rau pa'in !
Turkish. Ashagha git !
Arm. Var kna {sing.), var
knatseq {pi.) !
Kurd. Harra kliware !
Syriac. Nkhotli !
Turn to the right (left).
Arabic. Ilfet *ala yaminek ('ala
shimalek).
Persian. Bi-taraf-i-rast (chap) bi-
rau.
Turkish Sagha don, sola don.
Arm. Ach tartzeq (tzakh tart-
zeq).
Kurd. Bezeverra larast (lachap).
Syriac. Dor 1-yamne (1-chappe)
Wait for me
Arabic.
Istandhir ni.
Persian.
Muntazir-i-man bash.
Turkish.
Beni bekle.
Arm.
Sbasetseq intz.
Kurd.
Bomin chav vaka.
Syriac.
Hmol elli.
Come with me.
Arabic. Ta'al wiya-i {pi. ta'alu).
Persian. Hamrah-i man bi-ya.
Turkish. Benim ile gel.
Arm. Yegeq intz hed.
Kurd. Lagal min wara.
Syriac. Hayyo'emmi.
Go away.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Ruh {pi. Ruhu).
Bi-rau ! gum shau
Haide git, qach.
Herratseq.
Harra.
Si.
In which direction ?
Arabic. Min ai tarf ?
Bi-kudam taraf ?
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Hangi tarafa ?
Vor oughghoutiamp ?
Lachi rakha ?
Sub aika ?
Stand still there.
\ Arabic.
\ Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
I Kurd.
I Syriac.
Ogaf bi-mahallek.
Anja bi-ist.
Rabat dur.
Hantart ketseq hot.
Lave dare rawusta.
Kli nikba tama.
K k2
In that direction.
Arabic. Min dhak et-tarf
Persian. Bi-an taraf.
Turkish. 0 tarafa.
Arm. Ayt oughghoutiamp.
Kurd. Lave rakkhe.
Syriac. 8uh tama.
516
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How far is it ?
Arabic. Shqad ba'id ?
Persian. Chi-qadar rah-ast ?
Turkish. Ne qadar uzaq dir ?
Arm. Vorqan herrou e ?
Kurd. Chand haya la ?
Syriac. Kmail^ rahuqa ?
It is not far !
Arabic. Mu ba*id !
Persian. Dur nist !
Turkish. Uzaq deyil !
Arm. Herrou che !
Kurd. Na dura !
Syriac. Laile rahuqa !
Two hours* distance.
Arabic. Masafat sa*aten.
Persian. Bi masafe-yi-du sa'at, or
Du sa'at rah.
Turkish. Iki sa'atliq vol.
Arm. Yergou zhamva jampa.
Kurd. Ria du sa'at.
Syriac, Urkhad tette sa'e.
When will he come ?
Arabic. Yimta yiji ?
Persian. Kai mi-ayad ?
Turkish. Ne zeman gelejek ?
Arm. Yerp bidi ka ?
Kurd. Kange de'et ?
Syriac. Iman bed'athe ?
At what o'clock ?
Arabic. Ai sa'ah ?
Persian. Chi waqt ?
Turkish. Sa'at qachda ?
Arm. Vor zhamin ? zham
qaniin ?
Kurd. Chi sa'at ?
hyriac. B-aima sa'ah ?
At six o'clock.
Arabic. Es-sa'ah sittah
Persian. Bi-sa'at-i-shish.
Turkish. Sa'at altida.
Arm. Zham vetsin.
Kurd. Bisa'at shash.
Syriac. Sa'ah b'eshshet.
In the morning.
Arabic.
Bis-sabah.
Persian.
Subhi.
Turkish.
Sabahleyin,
Arm.
Arravodian.
Kurd.
Subahi.
Syriac.
Bispare or qadamta.
At noon.
Arabic.
Edh-dhuhr.
Persian.
Zuhr.
Turkish.
Oile-yin.
Arm.
Ges orin.
Kurd.
Nivro.
Syriac.
Palged yauma.
In the evening.
Arabic.
Bil-mesa
Persian.
Shab (night); Wa(
ghurub (sunset).
Turkish.
Akhshamleyin.
Arm.
Irigvan, yeregoyan.
Kurd.
J^var.
Syriac.
'Aserta.
Very early.
i
Arabic.
Badrl kathir. 1
Persian.
Khai]i zud. 1
Turkish.
Pek erken. ?
Arm.
Shad ganoukh. J
Kurd.
Galak zu. 1
Syriac.
Kabira qalula. \
4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
517
It is late.
What time is
it?
, Arabic.
Muta'akhVhir.
Arabic.
Es-sa'ah^besh ?
Persian.
Dir-ast.
Persian.
Sa'at-i-chlst ?
Turkish.
Gech dir.
Turkish.
Sa'at qach dir ?
Arm.
Oush e.
Arm.
Vor zhamn e ?
Kurd.
Dranga.
Kurd.
Sa'at bchanda ?
Syriac.
Drang ila.
Syriac.
Sa'ali bikmaila ?
Jow often ?
Arabic.
Kam marrah ?
Persian.
Chand martabeh?
Turkish.
Qach kerre ?
Arm.
Qani ankam ?
Kurd.
Chand jara ?
Syriac.
Kma gahatha ?
2.
Weather
What will the weather be to-day ?
Arabic. Slilon bekun et-taqs el-
yom ?
Persian. Imruz hawa cbi-taur
khahad shud ?
Turkish. Bu giin hava nasi
olajaq ?
Ann. Yeghanagn inchbes bidi
lini aysor ?
Bad, cloudy, foggy weather.
Arabic. Taqs mu zen, mu-
ghayyam, dhabab.
Persian. Bad, abr, mih.
Turkish. Fena, bulutlu, sissli hava.
Arm. Vad, ambod, marrakhlod
yeghanag.
Kurd. Dunya 'aura, mizhaya.
Syriac. Dunye aiwaila, khapu-
Kurd.
Dunya chawa debet iro ?
thaila.
Syriac.
Dakhi bithauya dunye
idio ?
It is snowing
' on the mountains.
Arabic,
Tethluj ed-dunya 'ala
Very fine.
Persian.
'Ijibal.
Dar kuhistan barf mi-
Arabic.
Kullish zen.
barad.
Persian.
Khaili khub.
Turkish.
Daghlara qar yaghiyor.
Turkish
Pek giizel.
Arm.
G' tziune lerrants vra.
Arm.
Shad hianali.
Kurd.
Bafr tet lachia.
Kurd.
Sawia.
Syriac.
Hole bithaya taiga I-resh
Syriac.
§ekhwaila.
ture.
518
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
3. The Road
Where does this road go ?
Arabic. Ed-darb hadha yuwaddi
li-wen.
Persian. In rah kuja mi-ravad ?
Turkish. Bu yol nereye gider ?
Arm. Our g'erta ays janpan ?
Kurd. Av ria kudare tchet ?
Syriac, Laika kiza adh urkha ?
Does this road lead to — ?
Arabic. Hed-darb bewaddi li — ?
Persian. In rah bi — mi-ravad ?
Turkish. Bu yol — e gider-mi ?
Ann. Ays jampan artioq
g'erta — ?
Kurd. Av ria tchet la — ?
Syriac. Gallo kiza adh urkha 1 — ?
Which road leads to — ?
Arabic. Ya darb bewaddi li — ?
Persian. Kudam rah bi — mi-
ravad ?
Turkish. — e hangi yol dan gitmeli ?
Arm. Vor janpan g'erta — ?
Kurd. Chi ria tchet la — ?
Syriac. Aima iirkha kiza 1 — ?
Which is the shortest way ?
Arabic. Ya darb a grab ?
Persian. Kudam rah nazdik-tar
ast ?
Turkish. ]6n qissa yol hangisi dir ?
Arm. Vorn e amenagarj jam-
pan ?
Kurd. Chi rre neziktera ?
Syriac. Aimaila urkha besh kii-
tha?
Is it safe on the road ?
Arabic. Et-tariq amin ?
Persian. Dar in rah amniyat as
Turkish. Yol qorqusuzmu dur ?
Arm. Jampan artioq abahov
e?
Kurd. Av re amina ?
Syriac. Gallo urkha aminila ?
How many hours is it to — ?
Arabic. Kam sa'ah ila — ?
Persian. Chand sa'at-ast bi — ?
Turkish. — e qach sa'atleq y
var ?
Arm. Qani zham e minchev —
Kurd. Chand sa'at haya la —
Syriac. Kma sa'e ith ta — ?
Take me to — .
Arabic. Waddi-ni ila — .
Persian. Mara bi — bi bar.
Turkish. Beni — e gotiir.
Arm. Dareq intz minchev —
Kurd. Nishamin bede la — .
Syriac. Naubelli 1 — .
Where is there drinking water on this roa(
Arabic. Wen el-moi lish-sherb
hadha 't-tariq ?
Persian. Dar in rah ab-i-khu
dani kujast ?
Turkish. Bu yol-da ichilej^k i
nerede dir ?
Arm. Our khmelou chour {
ays janpou vra ?
Kurd. Kane ave vakhwarei
bvi ria ?
Syriac. Aikailai maya de-shta^
b-adh urkha ?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
519
Is it a camel road ?
Arabic. Et-tariq muwafiq lij-
jimal ?
Persian. Rah-i-shutur ast ?
Turkish. Deve yolu-mi dir ?
Arm. Oiighdi jampa e artiog ?
Kurd. Av ria bo heshter basha ?
„ Syriac Kkhaskha adh urkba ta
I gumle ?
Is it only a mule road ?
- Arabic. Hua faqat lil-baghaL?
Persian. Faqat az barayi qatirba
khubast ?
Turkish. Yaliniz qatir yolu-mi dir ?
Arm. Miayn chorii jampa e
artioq ?
Kurd. Av ria bas bo besterana ?
Syriac. Gallo urkba d-kawedhnela
ubass ?
Is it only fit for men on foot ?
Arabic. Hua faqat muwafiq lil-
mesbi ?
Persian. Faqat az barayi piya-
dagan khubast ?
Turkish. Yaliniz yayan giden-
lere eyi-mi dir ?
Ar7n. Mithe miayn liediodn
martots harmar e ?
Kurd. Av re bas paya ra ?
Syriac. Gallo bas kkhashkha ta
nashe rakhasbe ?
4. A Village or Town
What is this place called ?
Arabic. Shismii hadha'l-makan ?
Persian. Bi inja chi mi-guyand ?
or Inja chi nam darad ?
Turkish. Bvl yerin ismi ne dir ?
Arm. Inchbes g'gochvi ays
deghn ?
Kurd. Nave av *ard cbia ?
Syriac. Mile shimma d-adh duk-
tha?
Where is the post ?
Arabic. Wen el-postakhanah ?
Persian. Post khaneh kujast ?
Turkish. Postakhane nerede dir ?
Arm. Our e namagadounn ?
Kurd. Postakbanah laku da-
reya ?
Syriac. Aikaila postakbanah ?
How many houses in this village ?
Arabic. Kam bet fil-beled ?
Persian. Dar in deh chand khaneh
darad ?
Bu koide qach ev var ?
Qani doun ga ays kiughin
mech ?
Chand mal haya lavi
gund ?
K-ma bate ith b-adh ma-
tha?
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Show me the telegraph office.
Arabic. Dull-ni 'ala 't-telegraf-
khanah.
Persian. Teleghraf-khane-ra
bi-man nishan bi-dihid.
Turkish. Bana teleghraf-khaneyi
goster.
Arm. Our e herrakradounn.
Kurd. Teleghraf khanah nisha-
min beda.
Syriac. Makhzeli teleghraf khana.
520
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Is there a telephone ofiQce here ?
Arabic. Aku mahall talfun hina ?
Persian. Inja telefun darad ?
Turkish. Burda telefon merkezi
var mi ?
Arm. Hos herratzayn ga
artioq?
Kurd. Telefon khanah lahara
_ haya V
Syriac. Ith akha dukthat tele-
fon ?
Where is the inn ?
Arabic. Wen el-Khan ?
Persian. Khan (karwansarai,
chaparkhaneh) kujast?
Turkish. Khan nerede dir ?
Arm. Our e otevann ?
Kurd. Khan lakudareya ?
Syriac. Aikaila khan ?
We are going to stay the night here.
Arabic. Inbat el-lelah hina.
Persian. Imshab Inja mi-manim.
Turkish. Biz geje burda dura-
jayiz.
Arm. Kishern hos bidi mnanq.
Kurd. Av shav am lahera debim.
Syriac. Bdamkhokh akha idlaile.
5. At a River
What is this river called ?
Arabic. Shism hel-shatt ?
Persian. In rud-khaneh chi nam
darad ?
Turkish. Bu irmaghen ismi ne
dir?
Arm. Inchbes g'gochvi ays
kedn ?
Kurd. Nave av av chia ?
Syriac. Mile shimma d-adh
nehra ?
How deep is the river?
Arabic. Shqad ghumq esh-shatt ?
Persian. Rud-khane^ chi-qadar
'amiq-ast ?
Turkish. Sii ne qadar derin dir ?
Arm. Vorchapkhore ays kedn?
Kurd. Vi av chand kiira or
'amiqa.
Syriac. Kmaile 'amuqa adh
nehra ?
Where is the nearest bridge?
Arabic. Wen agrab jisr ?
Persian. Kudam pul nazdiktar-
ast?
Turkish, fin vaqen koprii nerede
dir"?
Arm. Our e amenamod gam-
ourchf ?
Kurd. Nezikter prr laku da-
reya ?
Syriac. Aikaile gishra au bish
qariwa ?
Take me there.
Arabic. Waddi-m li-hinak.
Persian. Mara anja bi-bar.
Turkish. Beni oraya gotiir.
Arm. Hon dareq zis..
Kurd. La au dare nishamin
beda.
Syriac, Naubelli 1-tama.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
521
Show me the nearest ferry.
Arabic. Wen agrab mu'eber.
Persian. Guzar-gahi ki nazdiktar
bashad bi-man nishan
bi-dih.
Turkish. Bana en yaqin gechid-
yerini goster.
Arm. Tsuyts dveq intz amen-
amod kedantsn.
Kurd. 'Arde nezikter bo darbaz
nishamin beda.
Syriac. Aikaila duktha de-psa'a
ai besh qaruta.
Get hold of a
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
boat (canoe).
Jib-li bell 6m.
Kasbti paida kun.
Bir qayiq bul.
Mi navag kdeq.
Garni paida beka.
Khzi kha qayegh.
Is there a raft here?
Arabic. Aku kelek hina ?
Persian. Kalak inja paida mi-
shavad ?
Turkish. Burda sal var mi ?
Arm. Hos lasd ga artioq ?
Kurd. Kalak lahera haya ?
Syriac. Gallo ith kalak akha ?
Is the current strong ?
Arabic. El-moi terkodh qawi ?
Persian. Ab tund mi-ravad ?
Turkish. Aqinti choq var mi ?
Arm. Mithe hosanqn zoravor e?
Kurd. Av zakhma ?
Syriac. Gallo maya zarbanelai ?
Where is the easiest place to swim across?
Arabic. Wen es-bal makan lis-
sabahah.
Persian. Kuja mi-tawanam bi-
asani bi-shinavari bi-
guzaram ?
Turkish. 0 bir tarafa yiizerek
gitmek ichin en qolai
yer nerede dir ?
Arm. Our e amenalieshd vayrn
loghalou antin ?
Kurd. Chi 'aid asantira ta am
bmalavanye darbaz kin ?
Syriac. Aimaila duktha ai besh
sanahi tad sakhokh upa-
sokh ?
Take us across.
Arabic. .Qatti'ena.
Persian. Mara bi-an taraf bi-barid.
Turkish. Bizi qarshiya gechir.
Arm. Antin dareq mez.
Kurd. Ma darbaz bika.
Syriac. Mapsilan.
You will be rewarded.
Arabic. Minkefik.
Persian. In' am khahim dad.
Turkish. Bakhshish vei^jeyiz.
Arm. G'vartzadrenq tzez.
Kurd. Ame teshtak din ta.
Syriac. Bed yawekhlokh kha
mindi.
You must go in front of me.
Arabic. Lazim temshi guddami.
Persian. Bayad jilau-i-man bi-
ravid.
Turkish. Ileri gitmelisin.
Arm. Arrcheves yertalou eq.
Kurd. Lazima tu peshemin
deche.
Syriac. K-lazim d-zalokh qamaya
minni.
522
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What lies on the other side ?
Arabic. Esh-fi *ala hedhak e§-
sob?
Persian. Chi ja (place) or shahr
(city) dar an taraf ast ?
Turlcish. Ute tarafda ne var ?
Arm. Inch degh e timatsi
goghmn ?
Kurd. Lave tarafe chi haya ?
Syriac. Ma ith lau bala khinna ?
Is it far to the mouth ?
Arabic. Esh qadr li-sadr esi
shatt ?
Persian. Az inja ta anja ki dai
darya mi-rizad dur-asti
Turkish. Chai aghzi uzaq-mi dir ]
Arm. Kedaperann herrou e
artioq ?
Kurd. Zh-hara hatta vi av dchet
bahre dura ?
Syriac. Gallo rahuqtaila urkha
min akha hul d-'awii
adh nehra 1-yama ?
6. A Mountain or Hill
What is this big mountain called ?
Arabic. Shism 'I-jebel (el-kabir) ?
Persian. In kuh-i-buzurg chi mi-
guyand ?
Turkish. Bu biiyiik daghin ismi
ne dir ?
Inchbes g'gochvi ays
medz lerrn ?
Nave VI chia mazin chia ?
Mile shimma d-adh \Vit2i.
raba ?
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac,
How high is the mountain ?
Arabic. Esh 'elu ej-jebel ?
Persian. In kuh chi-qadar buland
ast?
Turkish Dagh ne qadar yiiksek
dir?
Arm. Vorchap partzr e aya
lerrn ?
Kurd. Vi chia chand bilinda ?
Syriac. Kmaile rama adh tura ?
What is the easiest way up the hill ?
Arabic. Ya darb as-hal lit-tell ?
Persian. Bi-kudam rah bi-asani
mi-tuwan bi-qulle-yi-an
kuh rasid ?
Turkish. Yuqariya en qolai yoi
hangisi dir ?
Arm. Vorn e amenaheshd jam-
pan tebi plourn ?
Kurd. Chi re asantira lasare vi
chia?
Syriac. Aimaila urkha ai besh
sanahi tad asqokh 1-adh
•tura?
Is it very steep ?
Arabic. TaPet-hu qawiyeh ?
Persian. Khaili sar-a-balast ?
Turkish. Pek dik mi dir ?
Arm. Shad zarriver e artioq ?
Kurd. Galak zahmata ?
Syriac. Gallo kabira 'asqaile ?
n
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
623
Is it dangerous ?
Arabic. Hua mukhtir ?
Persian. Khatar-nak ast ?
Turkish. Qorqulu mu dir ?
* Arm. Vdankavor e artioq ?
Kurd, Khatar teda haya ?
Syriac. Gallo mar darak ile ?
Can one get up on horseback 9
Arabic. Mumkin el-wahid yutla'
rakib ?
Suwar mi-shavad raft ?
At-ile chikila bilirmi ?
Tziov artioq gareli e ver
elnel ?
Am tkarin becHm lasar
beswari ?
Gallo iban asqokh b-raka-
wiitha ?
Persian.
Turkish .
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Can the guns be got up ?
Arabic. Mumkin e^-tawap tetla' ?
Persian. Tup-ha-ra mi-shavad
anja burd ?
Turkish. Toplar yuqariya cbikar-
ila bilirmi ?
Arm. Artioq gareli e tntanot-
nern ver hanel ?
Kurd. Am dikarin topa lasar
belinin ?
Syriac. Gallo iban d-masqokh to-
patha ?
Yes, but they cannot be got down on the
other side.
Arabic. Na'am, lakin miish mum-
kin tanzU-hum min tarf
eth-tham.
Persian. Bali, amma az an taraf
nami - shavad pa'in
avardan.
Turkish, ifiwet, amma ote tarafda
indirilcmez.
Arm. Ayo, payts che gareli
zanonq var ichetsnel
mius goghmn.
Kurd. Hare, amma am nikarin
laav terefe wan lakh-
war bestinin.
Syriac. Na'm, ilia laiban d-man-
khthukhlai man bala
kbenna.
Are there several ways down ?
Arabic. Aku jimlat nazlat ?
Persian. Aya, chand rah bi-pa'In
darad ?
Turkish. Ashaghiya bir qach
yol var mi ?
Arm. Artioq shad jampane*
gan tebi var ?
Kurd. Galak ria haya Ivere ?
Syriac. Gallo ith kabire urkhatha
linkhatha ?
Are there any robbers about ?
Arabic.
Aku haramiyah ?
Persian.
Dar in ja-ha duzd darad?
Turkish.
Etrafda khirsiz var mi ?
Arm.
Avazagner gan artioq ays
goghmern ?
Kurd.
Diz haya ?
Syriac.
Gallo ith ganawe ?
524:
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
7. A Forest
How big is the forest ?
Arabic. Esh kubr el-ghab (ez-
zor) ?
Persian. In bisheh {or jangal) chi-
qadar buzurg-ast ?
Turkish. Orman ne qadar biiviik
dir?
Arm. Andarrn vorchap medz
e?
Kurd. Av ghabab chand mazina?
Syriac. Kmaila rabtba adh
ghaba ?
Eow wide is it ?
Arabic. Esb 'ardb-hu ?
Persian. Pahnash clii-qadar
buzurg-ast ?
Turkish. Ne qadar genish dir ?
Arm. Vorchap layn e ?
Kurd. Pehnewi {or ferrahewi)
chanda ?
Syriac. Kmaila petbyutbab ?
Where does the road go through the forest ?
Arabic. Wen aku darb bil-gbab
(biz-zor) ?
Persian. In rah ki az jangal mi-
guzarad kuja mi-ravad?
Turkish. Bu orraandan gechen vol
nereye gider ?
Arm. Our g'erta jampan an-
darri mecben ?
Kurd. Ee bvi gbabab laku dare-
ya?
Syriac. Aikaila urkba b-adb gba-
ba?
Can mounted troops get through the forest ?
Arabic. Mumkin lil-khaiyalah
ta'bur el-gbab (ez-z6r) ?
Persian. Qushun-i-suwar mi-ta-
wanad az bisbeb bi-
guzarad ?
Turkish. Ormandan siivari geche-
bilirmi ?
Arm. Hedzelazorq grna artioq
antsnel andarri mechen?
Kurd. Dikarin suwari dechin
niva vi gbabab ?
Syriac. Ibai rakawe pasi b-adb
ghaba ?
I
Yes, but I don't think one can get through
with the guns.
Arabic. Na'am, lakin ma azunn
et tawap tafut.
Persian. Bali, amma guman nami
-kunam ki tup bi-ravad.
Turkish, '^vvet, faqat zann etmem
ki top il6 gechiJebilir.
Ayo, payts chem gardzer
gareli e tntanotnerov
antznel mechen.
Hare, amma topa nikarin
bechin.
Na'm, ilia la kzainin to-
patha ibai d'auri.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
I
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
525
8. Railway Station
Is it far to the railway ?
Arabic. Esh bu'ed es-sikkah ?
Persian. Aya, bi-rah-i-ahan dur-
ast ?
Turkish. Demir yoluna uzaq-mi
dir?
Arm. Yergatoughin artioq her-
rou e ?
Kurd. Ria papore chand dura ?
Syriac. Kmaila rahuqta urkha
di-prizla ?
•
Only half an hour.
Arabic. Nuss sa'ah faqat.
Persian. Nim sa'at rah-ast u bas.
Turkish. Salt yarim sa'at dir.
Arm. Miayn ges zham.
Kurd. Niv sa'at ubas.
Syriac, Paige d-sa'ah bas.
When does the train arrive ?
Arabic. Yimta yosal el-qitar ?
Persian. Qitar kai mi-rasad ?
Turkish. Tren no zeman gelir ?
Arm. Yerp knatsqn g'hasni ?
Kurd. Ria papore kange deet ?
Syriac. Iman bed athya ma-
skina ?
When does the train go to — ?
Arabic. Yimta yusafir el-qi^ar
ila— ?
Persian. Qitar bi — kai mi-ravad ?
Turkish. Tren — e ne zeman
gider ?
Arm. Yerp knatsqn g'megni ?
Kurd. Papor kange dechet la — ?
Syriac. Iman bedzala mashina
1 — ?
Where is the next train eoming from ?
Arabic. Min en yaji el-qitar
eth-thani ?
Persian. Qitar az kuja mi-ayad ?
Turkish. 0 bir tren neieden gelir ?
Arm. Oiisti gu'ka bachoit
knatsqn ?
Kurd. Papor zhku dare deet ?
Syriac. Min aika bed athya ma-
shina ?
Stop the train.
Arabic. Waggif el-qitar.
Persian. Qitar-ra istadeh kun.
Turkish. Treni durdur.
Arm. Knatsqn getsoutseq.
Kurd. Papor besakkina.
Syriac. Mahmella mashina.
Get me a porter.
Arabic. Jib-li hammal.
Persian. Hammali paida kun.
Turkish. Ban a bir hammal getir.
Arm. Perrnagir jareq.
Kurd. Hammalak bomin paida
beka.
Syriac. Maitheli kha hammala.
What is the fare ?
Arabic. Besh yiswa en-nol ?
Persian. Chand bayad bi-diham ?
Turkish. Yol parasi ne qadar dir ?
Ann. Vorqan e janabarha-
dzakhqn ?
Kurd. Chand haq az bedem ?
Syriac. K-ma time yawin ?
Where is my luggage ?
Arabic. Wen aghradhi ?
Persian. Asbab-i-man kujast ?
Turkish. !^shyam nerede dir ?
Arm. Our e ireghens ?
Kurd. Asbabemin lakii darena ?
Syriac. Aikailai sababi ?
526
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
9. Inquiries about Troops
Have you seen our troops ?
Arabic. Sliuft 'asakir-na ?
Persian. Qushun-i-mara dida-id ?
Turkish. 'Askerimizi gordiiniiz-
mil ?
Arm. Desaq artioq mer zor-
qern ?
Kurd. 'Askarama ta dit ?
Syriac. Gallo khzelokh 'askar di-
yan?
Do you know where the troops are ?
Arabic. Ta'raf wen el-'asker ?
Persian. Mi-danid ki qushun ku-
jast ?
Turkish. *Askerin nerede oldii-
ghunu bilirmisiniz ?
Arm. Kideq artioq our yen
mer zorqern ?
Kurd. Tu tzani 'askar laku da-
reya ?
Syriac. Gallo yadh-et aikaila *as-
kar?
Yes, I saw them by the wood.
Arabic, Na'am, shufthum garib
el-ghab (ez-z6r).
Persian. Bali, an-ha-ra dam-i-
bishek didam.
Turkish. Evvet, ormanin yaninda
gordiim.
Arm. Ayo, andarri mod desa
zanonq.
Kurd. Hare, ma awan dit ne-
zike vi ghabah.
Syriac. Na*m kemkhazennai qor-
ba d-adb ghaba.
What sort of troops and how many are they ?
Arabic. Esh shikel asker wa kam
wahid ?
Persian. Chi jiir qushiin, u cliand
nafar ?
Turkish. Ne durlu 'asker dir, ve
'adde ne qadar ?
Arm. Inch desag zorqer yev
qani had yen ?
Kurd. Chi tov 'askarin u chan-
' din?
Syriac. Ma tukhma d-'askarilai
wukmaile minianaihi ?
Five thousand, with cavalry and guns.
Arabic. Khamsat alaf ma' '1-khai-
yalah wat-tawap.
Persian. Panj hazar, ba suwar ii
tup.
Turkish. Besh bin var, siivari ile
toplar.
Arin. Hink hazar, hedzelazor-
qov yev tntanotnerov.
Kurd. Penj hazar suwar ii topa.
Syriac. Khamsha alpe 'immed
swariye iitopatha.
i
How long have they been there ?
Arabic. Kam yom baqa lahum
hinak ?
Persian. Az chi waqt anja biideh-
and ?
Turkish. Ne vaqit-dan-beri orada
dirler ?
Arm. Yerpen i ver hon yen ?
Kurd. Zhchi wakht wan lav
darena ?
Syriac. Min imanilai tama ?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
627
In which direction have they marched ?
Arabic. Min e tarf rahu ?
Persian. Bi-kudam taraf rawaneh
shudeh-and ?
Turkish. Hangi jihete hareket
etdiler ?
Arm. Vor goghm qaletsin ?
Kurd. Lachi taraf e choyen ?
Syriac. Gallo sub aima t^raf
zellai ?
Where is an officer ?
Arabic. Wen edh-dhabit ?
Persian. Sahib-mansabi kujast ?
Turkish. Zabit nerede dir ?
Arm. Our ga mi sba ?
Kurd. Zabit laku dareya ?
Syriac. Aikaile zabit ?
Take me to the Colonel.
Arabic. Waddi-ni ila '1-miraIai.
Persian. Mara pish-i-sartip bi-
bar.
Turkish. Beui miralaya gotiir.
Arm. Dareq zis kndabedin.
Kurd. Peshe miralai miu be-
birra.
Syriac. Naubelli 1-gebe d-miralai.
I have a letter from our General.
Arabic. 'Andi maktub min mu-
sbir-na,
Kaghazi daram az sardar.
Qomandanimizdan bende
birmektub var.
Namag ounim mer zora-
beden.
Kaghazak zbsar'aska-
rema lagal min haya.
Ith 'immi kha kthawa
min sar'askar diyan.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
10. Food and Drink
I am hungry, I wish to eat.
Arabic. Ana jo 'an, arid sbe
a'kul.
Persian. Gurasneb-am,mi-khaham
bi-kburam.
Turkish. Qarnim ach, yeyejek bir
sbei isterim.
Arm. Anotiyem,oudelg'ouzem.
Kurd. Az bersima, ma tishtak
tvet.
Syriac. KpTnaiwin, kibain d-akh-
lin.
I am thirsty, I wish to drink.
Arabic. Ana 'atsban, arid-li she
ishrab.
Persian. Tishneb-am, mi-kbaham
bi-nusham.
Turkish. Susuzim, su ichmek iste-
rim.
Arm. Dzaravi yem, khmel
g'ouzem.
Kurd. Az tehnim, vakhwarine
ma tvet.
Syriac. Sihyaiwin, kibain d-sliatin .
528
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
I
Where can 1
I get food ?
Arabic.
Wen ahassi] el-ekl ?
Persian.
Az kuja mi-tawanam
khurdani paida kunam ?
Turkish.
Nerede yeyejek bula bi-
lirim ?
Arm,
Our grnam oudeliq
kdnal ?
Kurd,
Teshtak bo khwarine
laku dare az paida
bikim?
Syriac.
Gallo min aika kliazin
kha mindi ta Tkhala ?
Have you enough for all my men ?
Arabic. 'Andek slie kafi li-ja
ma'ati ?
Persian. Aya, az barayi hame-yi
adamha-yi-man kafi da
rid ?
Turkish. Neferlerimin hepisine ye
tejek qadar var-mi ?
Arm. Artioq pavaganacha]
ouneq polor martots'i
bamar ?
Kurd. Lagalta baya tesbt b(
bammu meremin ?
Syriac. Gallo ittokh mindi di
kmale ta kullai nasbi
di?
Innkeeper, we want a meal.
Arabic. Ya kbanji, nurid ekl.
Persian. Mi-kbabim cbizi bi-
kbiirim.
Turkish. Kbanji, yemek isteriz.
Arm. Bantogabed, geragour
gouzenq.
Kurd. Kbancbi, ma tesbt tvet.
Syriac, Kbancbi, kibokb ikbala.
Is the water good here ?
Arabic. El-moi tayyib bina ?
Persian. Ab dar inja kbub-ast ?
Turkish. Buranin suyu eyi m
dir?
Arm. Cbourn artioq lav e bos '
Kurd. Av labera kbwasba ?
Syriac. Gallo maya d-akba ran
delai ?
Give me something to drink.
Arabic. A'tini sbe isbrab.
Persian. Cbizi nusbidani bi-man
bi-dibid,
Turkish. Bana icbejek bir sbei ver.
Arm. Kbmelou mi pan dveq.
Kurd. Tesbtak bo vakbwarine bo
min beda.
Syriac. Halli kba mindi ta sbtaya.
Have you fresh eggs ?
Arabic. -^'Andkum baidb tazi'ah '
Persian. Tukbm-i-murgb-i-tazeb
darid ?
Turkish. Taze yumurtaniz vai
mi ?
Arm. Artioq ouneq tbarn
bavgit ?
Kurd. Nu beka lagalwa baya ?
Syriac. Gallo ittaukbii be-€
rande ?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
529
Bring bread and cheese.
Arabic. Jib-lena khubz wa-jiben.
Persian. Nan u panir bi-yar.
Turkish, l^kmek ile penir getir.
Arm. Peretseq hats yev banir ?
Kurd. Nan u penir bo ma bina.
Syriac. Maithelan likhma ugupt a .
I am going to pay for it.
Arabic. Ba'tiq haqqek.
Persian. Pul-i-an-ra mi-khaham
bi-dibam.
Turkish. Parasini ver^jeyim.
Arm. Bidi vjarem ador hamar
Kurd. Az haqqewi bidem.
Syriac. Bidyawin haq dlye.
Bring us coffee with milk.
Arabic. Jib-lena qahwah bi-halib.
Persian. Qahweh ba shir-i-gau bi-
yar.
Turkish. Bize siitlu qahve getir.
Arm. Gathov sourj peretseq
mez.
Kurd. Qahwa u shir boma bina
Syriac. Maithe Ian qahwa u
khelya.
Hurry up, we haven*t much time.
Arabic. Ista'jil, ma 'andna waqt.
Persian. Zud bash, khaili waqt na-
darim.
Turkish. Chabuk ol, choq vaqi-
timiz yoq.
Arm. Shdabetseq, shad zham-
anaq ch'ounenq.
Kurd. Lazi bika, wakht ma
nina.
Syriac. Qalula, lattan 'iddana.
Bring us the bill.
Arabic. Jib-lena el-hisab,
Persian. Hisab-ra bi-yar.
Turkish. Bize hisab getir.
Arm. Peretseq hashivn,
Kurd. Hisabema bina.
Syriac. Makhzelan hisab diyan.
How much do we owe ?
Arabic. Esh tela' 'alena ?
Persian. Chand bayad bi-dihim ?
Turkish. Borjumuz ne qadar ?
Arm, Vorqan g'bardinq tzez ?
Kurd. Haqqeta chanda ?
Syriac. Kmaile haq diyokh ?
How much does this cost ?
Arabic. Besh yiswa hadha ?
Persian, In chand mi-arzad ?
Turkish. Bunun fi'ati ne dir ?
Arm. Ays vorqan arzhe ?
Kurd. Haq avi chanda ?
Syriac. Mile timed adhi ?
Ll
530
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
11. Billets, Lodging and Stabling
I want quarters for 50 men.
Arabic. Arid makan li-khatir
khamsin nefer.
Persian. Az barayi pan j ah adam
manzil mi-khaham.
Turkish. Elli nefer ichun yer
isterim.
Arm. Hisoun marti hamar
degh g'ouzem.
Kurd. Az 'ard dikhwazim bo
penji zalam.
Syriac. Kibain duktha ta kham-
shi nashe.
Give me better quarters.
Arabic. A'tini makan ahsan.
Persian. Manzili bihtar az in bi-
man bi-dih.
Turkish. Bana bundan eyi bir yer
ver.
Arm. Aveli lav degh dveq intz.
Kurd. 'Aid khwashter bo min
beda.
Syriac. Halli duktha besh tauta.
Have you found me quarters yet ?
Arabic. Has§alt-]i makan ?
Persian. Manzili az barayi man
haniiz paida kardeh-id ?
Turkish. Bizim ichun yer daha
buldun mu ?
Arm. Intz hamar degh kdaq
the voch ?
Kurd. Ta 'ard boma paida keri ?
Syriac. Gallo khzelokh duktha
tali ?
Where is the owner of the house ?
Arabic. Wen §ahib el-bet ?
Persian. Sahib-i-inkhaneh kujast'i
Turkish. Ev sahibi nerede ?
Arm. Our e ays dan dern ?
Kurd. Khudane vi mal laku
dareya ?
Syriac. Aikaile mare d-adh bai-
tha?
Light the fire, please.
Arabic. Ish'al en-nar.
Persian. Lutfan atash-ra biafruz.
Turkish. Kerem et, ateshi yaq.
Arm. Hajetseg gragn varrel.
Kurd. Bkarameta, agir bika.
Syriac. Kmarjin minnokh, ewodh
nura.
i
I want stabling for 16 horses.
Arabic. YUzam-li makan khatir
zerabat li-sitt 'ash hisan.
Persian. Az barayi shunzdeh asp
tawileh mi-khaham.
Turkish. On alti at ichun akhur
isterim.
Arm. Dasnvets tzii hamar
akhorr g'ouzem.
Kurd. 'Ard bo shazda asp dikh -
wazim.
Syriac. Kibin duktha ta 'ishtasar
suse.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
531
Thanks, we want nothing more,
Arabic. Mimnumn, ma nerid gher
she.
Persian. Lutf-i-shuma ziyad,digar
chizi lazim nadarim.
Turkish. Teshekkurederim,bashqa
bir shei istemeyiz.
Arm. Shnorhagaloutiun, aveli
pan chenq ouzer,
Kurd. Shukur, lateshtak di
hauja nina.
Syriac. Shakrinnokhjaksanqokh
l-mindi khenna.
Tell all people not to be afraid.
Arabic. Qui lin-nas la yakhafu.
Persian. Bi-mardum bi-gu na-
tarsand.
Turkish. Bitiin ehaliya soile qorq-
mazsinlar.
Amen martots aseq vor
ch'vaklman.
Bo hammu kbalq khabar
bida natersin.
Makhber kullai nashe d-la
zadi.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Where is there some clean water ?
Arabic. Aku moi nedhif?
Persian. Ab-i-pak kujast ?
Turkish. Temiz su nerede bulunur?
Arm. Our ga maqour chour ?
Kurd. Laku dare av khwash
haya ?
Syriac. Aika ith maya rande ?
Clear those houses ; we are going to
quarter our men in them.
Arabic. Farrigh el-buyut ; nerid
nunezzil rijalna fiha.
Persian. An khane-ha-ra khall
kun ; ml-khahim
adam-ha-yi kbud-ra
anja manzil bi-dihim.
Turkish. Shu evlerden ehaliyi
chiqar, neferatimizi ora-
da oturtajaghiz.
Arm. Maqretseq ayt dounern,
anonts mech bidi
deghavorenq mer mar-
tiqn.
Kurd. Van mala khali bika, ame
merekhwa lavedare dai-
nin.
Syriac. Msapqu an bate, bed-
matwokh nashan b-ga-
waihi.
Is there smallpox in this village ?
Arabic. Aku jidrl fil-beled ?
Persian. Dar in deh abileh da-
rad?
Turkish. Bii koide chichek khasta-
lighi var mi ?
Arm. Dzaghgakhd ga artioq
ays kiughi mech ?
Kurd. Awlek [or khuri) lav-
gund haya ?
Syriac. Gallo ith shalqo {or
shikhna) b-adh
tha?
l12
532
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Tell me the house where there are sick men.
Arabic. Akhbir- iii wen el-hosh el-
ledbi aku mardha.
Persian. Mara an khane-ra nishan
deh ki-mardum-i-na-
khiish dar anja ha-
stand.
Turhish, Ichinde khasta bulunan
evi bana goster.
Arm. Asatseq intz ayn doun'n
our hivant martiq
gan.
Kurd. *Arde nasakha nisbamin
beda.
Syriac. Makhzeli duktha d-ith ba
kribe.
Is it feverish here ?
Arabic. Aku sakhuneh fil-makan
hadha ?
Persian. Inja tab darad ?
Turkish. Burasi sitmali mi dir ?
Arm. Artioq chermod degh e
bos?
Kurd. Ta labera baya ?
Syriac. Gallo ith sbatba b-adb
duktha ?
Is it healthy here ? |
Arabic. Ha wa bel-makan tayyib ?
Persian. Inja salim-ast ?
Turkish. Buranin bavasi eyi-
mi dir ?
Arm. Artioq arrogbcb degh a
bos?
Kurd. Baye vi ard kbwasba ?
Syriac. Gallo manakb d-adh duk-
tha randaile ?
12. Strang-ers or Suspects
Stop ! or I shall shoot.
Arabic. Ogaf, wa-illa idhrabek
bi-rasas.
Persian. Bi-ist, wa-illa tir mi-
andazam.
Turkish. Dur ! yoqsa atesh
ederim,
Arm» Getseq! yethe vochg'zar-
nem.
Kurd, Rawusta ! {or bisakkina)
yan az ta kuzbim.
Syriac. Hmol ! ilia bedmakbin.
Don^t move from the spot.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
La tataharrak min
makanek.
Az anja ki ha^ti ^arakat
na-kun.
Oradan qimildanma.
Mi sharzhir deghed
{sing.), ch'sharzhiq deg-
herned {fl.).
Zhvedare nacha.
La mharkit min duk-
thokb.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
533
Stand a little farther off.
Arabic. Ogaf shweyah ab'ad.
Persian. Qadri durtar bi-ist.
Turkish. Bir az daha uzaqda dur.
Arm. Poqr incli aveli herroun
getseq.
Kurd. Durter bisakkina.
Syriac. Hmol besh rahuqa.
Come closer.
Arabic. Tal (ta'al) shweya agrab.
Persian. Nazdiktar biya.
Turkish. Daha yaqin gel.
Arm. Aveli mod yegeq.
Kurd. Nezlkter wara.
Syriac. Hayyo besh qariwa.
Arabic.
Dur {fl. Duru).
Persian.
Bar gard.
Turkish.
Don.
Ar7n.
Tartzeq.
Kurd.
Bezevirra.
Syriac.
Pthol or kbdhor.
Hands up !
Arabic.
Arfa' yedaik !
Persian.
Dast bar darid !
Turkish.
]fillerini qaldir 1
Arm,
Tzerrqernit partzra-
tsoutseq \
Kurd.
Dasteta bellna !
Syriac.
Maurim idhatbokb 1
Put down your arms.
Arabic. Irmi islahatek {j)l. Irmu
islahtekum).
Persian. Aslihah ru-yi zamin bi-
guzar.
Turkish. Silahini yere braq.
Arm. Zenqernit var dreq.
Kurd. Chakketa bavezha.
Syriac. Mhalik chakkokh.
Surrender.
Arabic. Sellem nefsek.
Persian. Khud-ra tasiim kun.
Turkish. Tesiim ol.
Arm. Antznadour yegheq.
Kurd. Taslim beka.
Syriac. Msalim.
You may not talk to any one.
Arabic. La tehaki ma* ahad.
Persian. Na-bayad ba kasi harf
bi-zani.
Turkish. Hich bir kimseile qonush-
mayajaqsin.
Arm. Ourishi bed khoselou
ch'eq.
Kurd. Lagal kas na kheva.
Syriac. La mahkit 'immed chu
kha.
You are trying to deceive me.
Arabic. Enta terid [or tujarrib)
takhda*-ni.
Persian. Mi-khahid mara gul bi-
zanid.
Turkish. Beni aldatmagha cha-
lisbyorsun.
Arm. G'ashkhadiq khapel zis.
Kurd. Ma khalatandin ta
khwast.
Syriac. Kibet ta d-magbeltetti.
You are lying !
Arabic. Enta tikdheb 'aleyi
Persian. Durugh mi-gu'i!
Turkish. Yalan soileyorsun [
Arm. Soud g'khosiq!, g'sdeq
Kurd. Tu drau kir.
Syriac. Kimdaglit.
534
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
You are a spy !
Take off your belt.
Arabic.
Enta jasiis !
Arabic.
Fukk hizamek.
Persian,
Jasusi !
Persian.
Kamarband - i - khud - ra
Turkish.
Sen jasus sin !
bar darid.
Arm.
Lrdes eq !
Turkish.
Qayishini chiqar.
Kurd.
Tu jasusi !
Arm.
Qagetseq tzer kodin.
Syriac.
Gashoshaiwet !
Kurd.
Pishteta vaka {or kama-
reta daina).
Syriac.
Shri shibaqokh.
If you behave you will be safe.
Arabic.
Idha meshit tayyib, 'a^ek
aman.
Persian.
Agar bi taur-i-ma'qu)
You are under arrest.
Arabic. Enta taht el-habs.
Persian. Zir-i-tauqTf hasti.
Turkish, Tahti tevqifde sin.
Arm. Galanavor eq.
Kurd. Tu girtie.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
raftar kuni, zarari bi-tu
na-khahad rasid.
ifiyer eyi davranarsan
qorqusuz ola bilirsin.
Yethe kheloq genaq
anvdank g'mnac .
'Aqil bikautu khalas biki.
Hwi 'aqil u bedkhalsit.
Syriac.
K arinnokh.
Syriac.
13. Wounds
OR Sickness |
Do you feel better ?
What is the matter ?
Arabic.
Kefek ahsan ?
Arabic.
Ma lak ?
Persian.
Ahwal-i-shuma bihtar-
Persian.
Chi (zarar) darid ? JH
Ne var ? ^^
Inch ga ? Inch e
ast?
Turkish.
Turkish.
Kendini daha eyi giiri-
Arm.
yormisin ?
badahadz ?
Arm.
Aveli lav g'zkag artiog ?
Kurd.
Ch! haya ?
Kurd.
Tu khwasMere ?
Syriac.
Ma Ith ?
Syriac.
Gallo besh randaiwet ?
Do you feel worse ?
Arabic.
Kefek arda ?
Persian.
Ahwal-i-shuma badtar-
I am wounded.
ast?
Arabic.
Ana majriih.
Turkish.
Kendini daha fena
Persian.
Zakhm khurdeh-am.
giiriyormisin ?
Turkish.
Yarali-im.
Arm.
Aveli vad g'zkag artiog ?
Arm.
Viravorvadz yem.
Kurd.
Tu kharabtere ?
Kurd.
Az brindarim.
Syriac,
Gallo besh kharabaiwet ?
Syriac.
Jiihaiwin.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
535
Where are you wounded ?
Arabic. Wen jurhek ?
Persian. Zakhm-at kujast ?
Turkish. Nerede yaralisin ?
Arm. Vor deghen viravorvadz
eq?
Kurd. Brineta laku dareya ?
Syriac. Aikaiwet jriha ?
In the knee, Uie foot.
Arabic. Bi-rukbati, bi-rijfli.
Persian. Dar zanu, dar pa.
Turkish. Dizimden, ayaghimdan.
Arm. Dzoimges, vodqes.
Kurd. La zhnii {or la zarani), la
pe.
Bgo birka, bgo aqla.
Syriac.
Keep quiet.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Iskut (don't talk), la
_tatah.arrak {don't move).
Asudeh bash.
Qimildanma.
Hantard getseq.
Nakheva {don't talk),
harakat naka {don't
move).
Shtoq {don't talk), la
m^arkit {don't move).
You mustn't speak.
Arabic. La tehaki.
Persian. Na-bayad harf bi-zanid.
Turkish. Laqirdi etmemelisin.
Arm. Bedq che khosiq.
Kurd. Nakheva.
Syriac. La mahkit.
Sit down, lie down.
Arabic. Aq'ad (p^. uq'udu).
Persian. Bi-nishin, bi-khab.
Turkish. Otur, yat.
Arm. Nsdetseq, barrgetseq.
Kurd. Runa, rahat bistina
draizh biba.
Syriac. Itu, irokh.
or
Undress yourself.
Arabic. Ishlah hudumek.
Persian. Rakht-i-khud-ra bi-kan
or lukht shau.
Turkish. Soyun.
Arm. Hanvetseq.
Kurd. Jilketa beshalina,
Syriac. Shl5kh jullokh.
Give me water.
Arabic. A'tini moi.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Ab bi-dih.^
Bana su ver.
Chour dveq intz.
Av bida min.
Halli may a.
Here is Water and brandy.
Arabic. Hadha moi wa-kunyak.
Persian. Inak, ab u konyak.
Turkish. Ishte sana su ile qonyaq.
Arm. Aha chour yev coniac.
Kurd. Ava av ukonyak.
Syriac. Ha maya u konyak.
Give me a bandage.
Arabic. A'tini rabatah.
Persian, 'lsabe-3^ bi-man bi-dih.
Turkish. Bana bir yara sarghisi
ver.
Arm. Viragab dveq intz.
Kurd. Pat a b5 min bma.
Syriac. Halli khdha pasta.
536
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Help me with the bandaging.
Arabic. Sa'id-ni bir-rabatah.
Persian. Dar 'i^abeh bastan mara
yawari kun.
Turkish. Bana sarghiyi sarmaqda
yardim et.
Arm. Oknetseq intz viraga-
poutiamp.
Kurd. Lasliadandine haremin
wara.
Syriac. 'Onni b-xsara.
Take this medicine.
Arabic. Khod islirab ed-dawa.
Persian. In darii-ra bi-khur.
Turkish. Shu 'ilaii ich.
Arm. Arreg ays teghn,
Kurd. Vi darman bestina.
Syriac. Shqol adh darmana.
Go to the Doctor and teli him to come at
once.
Arabic. Ruli lil-liakim wa-qul-
luh yiji bil-'ajel.
Persian. Hakim-ra bi-gu zud bi-
yayad.
Turkish. Hekime git soile ki
shimdi buraya gelsin.
Arm. Knatseq pzhishgin yev
asatseq anmichabes ka.
Kurd. Harra nik hakim ubezha
bowl da zu et.
Syriac. Si 1-gebe d -hakim umore
d-athe qalula.
Take this man to hospital.
Arabic. Waddi her-rijal lil-khas-
takhanah.
Persian. In mard-ra bi maiiz-
khaneh bi-bar.
Turkish. Bii nef eri khasta-khaney e
gotiir.
Ann. Hivanlanots dareg ays
martn.
Kurd. Vi mer lakhastakhana
biberra.
Syriac. Naubil adh nasha Ikhas-
takhana.
14. General Phrases
Good night, madam.
Arabic. M-Allah bi-kher ya sitt.
Persian. Shab-i-shuma bi-khair,
khanam.
Turkish. Gejeniz khair olsun,
hanem effendi.
Arm. Pari kisher,
Kurd.
Syriac. Push b-shayna khanam.
digin.
Good morning, madam.
Arabic.
Sabah m-Allah bi-kher,
ya sitt.
Persian.
Subh-i-shuma bi-khair.
Turkish.
Sabahiniz khair olsun.
haaem effendi.
Arm.
Pari luys, digin.
Kurd.
Subahi bkhair.
Syriac,
Shlama khanam.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
537
G:od morning, Sir.
Arabic. Sabah m- Allah bi-kli6r,
efiendi.
Persian. Subh-i-shuma bi-khair.
Tjurkish. Sabaliiniz khair olsun,
efiendim.
Arm. Pari luys, baron.
Kurd. Subahi bkhair !
Syriac. Shlama lukh effendi.
How are you?
Arabic. Shlon kefek ?
Persian. Ahwal-i-shuma chi taur-
ast? ^
Turkish. Nasi siniz ?
Arm. Inchbes eq ?
Kurd. Kaifata chawaya ?
Syriac. Dekb iwet ?
I am sorry.
Arabic. Ana mute'essif.
Persian. Afsus mi-khuram.
Turkish. Yaziq.
Arm. . G'tsavim.
Kurd. Az kbaminim.
Syriac. Kimasfin.
What is the news ?
Arabic. Esh el-khabr ?
Persian. Chi khabar-ast ?
Turkish. Ne khaber var ?
Arm. Inch lour ga ?
Kurd. Chi khabar haya ?
Syriac. Ma khabra ith ?
Do you know English ?
Arabic. Ta'rif anglezi ?
Persian. Inglisi-ra mi-danid ?
Turkish. Ingilizje bilirmisiniz ?
Ann Anglieren kideq ?
Kurd. Tu inglisi zani ?
Syriac. Gallo kyadh'et inglisi ?
Speak slowly.
Arabic. Ehki yawash.
Persian. Yawash harf zan.
Turkish. Yavash soile.
Arm. Gamats khosetseq.
Kurd. Yawash bakheva.
Syriac. Mahki b-nikhutha.
There is a fire.
Arabic. Aku nar.
Persian.. Atash darad.
Turkish. Atesh var burda.
Arm. Grag ga,
Kurd. Agir haya.
Syriac. Ith nura.
Impossible.
Arabic. Mu mumkin.
Persian. Muhal, ghair-i-mumkin.
Turkish. Olmaz.
Arm. Angareli.
Kurd. Na mumkina {or nabit).
Syriac. Ghair mumkin {or la
baraya).
Please come in ; sit down !
Arabic. Tafadhdhal
udkhui
uq'ud !
Persian. Bi-farma'id; bi-nishinidt
Turkish. Buyurun ; oturun !
Arm. Hajetseq ners ; nsdetseq!
Kurd. Wara ; runa !
Syriac. Tafadhdhal hayyo ; itu !
God grant it !
Arabic. In sha Allah !
Persian. Khuda kunad! In
sha'llah !
Turkish, Inshallah !
Arm. Asdvadz da ! Amen !
Kurd. Khuzzi, ishallah !
Syriac. Khuzzi, in sha allah !
538
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
It is true.
Arabic. Sahih.
Persian. Rast ast.
Turkish. Dogliru dir.
Arm. Jisht e.
Kurd. Rasta.
Syriac. Tamam.
What are your wishes ?
Arabic. Esh khatirek ?
Persian. Chi mi-khahid ?
Turkish. Ne istersiniz ?
Ar7n. Inch e tzer papakn ?
Kurd. Ta chi tvet {or dkhwazi)
Syriac, Ma kibet ?
Thank God ! I am well,
Arabic.
El-
bi-
El-hamdu lillah {or
hamdillah), ana
kher !
Al-hamdu lillah, ahwal-
am khiib-ast !
Turkish. Al-hamdu lillah, eyi yim I
Arm. Parrq Asdoudzo, lav
Persian.
Kurd,
Syriac.
yem
Shukur lakhude, az sa-
khim!
Kshakrin alaha,
iwin!
sakh
You are welcome.
Arabic. Marhaba ; ehlen wa-seh-
len.
Persian. Khush amadid.
Turkish. Khosh geldiniz! Safa
geldiniz !
Arm. Parov yegaq.
Kurd, Marhaba 1 tu khwash
hati.
Syriac, Marhaba I
Please.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Thank you.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Tafadhdhal {SeeVocab.)
Lutfan.
Kerem et.
Hajetseq, khntrem.
Bkhaireta.
Min fadh] diyokh.
Mimnun or kethther
khairek.
Iltifat-i-shuma ziyad.
Teshekkiir ederim.
Shnorhagal yem tzez.
Min zhta minata.
Minta minnokh {or
kshakrennokh).
Do you understand ?
Arabic. Tifham ?
Persian..
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Aya, fahmidi ?
Anladin mi ?
G' hasgnaq ?
Tu fahm deki ?
Gallo kfahmit ?
I don*t understand.
Arabic. Ana ma iftahim.
Persian. Nami-fahmam.
Turkish. Anlamam.
Arm. Chem hasgnar,
Kurd. Az fahm nakim.
Syriac. Lak fab min.
All right.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Tayyib.
Khaili khub.
Pek 'ala, pek eyi.
Shad lav !
Chaka {or qanja).
Randa.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
539
There is no news.
Arabic. Maku khabr.
Persia?i. Khabaii nist.
Turkish. Khaber yoq.
Arm. Lour cb'ga.
Kurd. Chu khabar nina.
Syriac. Laith chu khabra.
How do you know ?
Arabic. Shlon ta'rif ?
Persian. Az kuja mi-danid ?
Turkish. Nasi bilirsiniz ?
Arm. Inchbes kideq ? inchen
kideq ?
Kurd. Tu cbawa {or kusa) tzani ?
Syriac. Min aika kyadh-et ?
It is false.
Arabic. Mu sahih or kidhb.
Persian. Durugh-ast.
Turkish. Yalan dir.
Arm. Skhal e, soud e.
Kurd. Drawa.
Syriac. Duglaile !
I am glad.
Arabic. El-hamdu lillah.
Persian,. Khusb-am mi-yayad.
Turkish. Memnun um.
Ar7n. Ourakh yem, kob yem.
Kurd. Az kbwashim.
Syriac. P§ikbaiwin.
Possible.
Arabic. Mumkin.
Persian. Mumkin.
Turkish. Mumkin, olabilir.
Arm. Gareli.
Kurd. Mumkina {or dbit).
Syriac. Mumkin {or kbare).
Rain threatens.
Arabic. Ed-dunya mattarab.
Persian. Darad baran bi-barad.
Turkish. Yaghmur yagbajaq gibi
Arm. Antzrev g'sbarrna.
Kurd. Dunya barana.
Syriac. Dunye mitranithaila.
It is moonlight.
Arabic. Ed-dunya nur qamar.
Persian. Mahtab-ast.
Turkish. Mahitab havasi var.
Arm. Lousnga e, lousniag
kisher e.
Kurd. E-ozbnahie haiva.
Syriac. Bebra d-seraile.
How old are you ?
Arabic. Kam senah 'umrak ?
Persian. Chand salagi darid ?
Turkish. Qacb yasbinda sin ?
Arm. Qani daregan eq ?
Kurd. 'Umreta chanda ? {or ta
cband sal haya ?)
Syriac. Kmaile 'umr diyokb ?
I must go.
Arabic. Lazim aruh.
Persian. Bayad bi-rawam
Turkish. Gitmeliyim.
Arm. Yertalou yem, bardim
yertal.
Kurd. Lazima az dechem.
Syriac. Lazim ta d-zali.
Is he at home ?
Arabic. Hiia bil-bet ?
Persian. Dar khane-ast ?
Turkish. J^vde mi dir ?
Arm. Dann e artioq ?
Kurd. Au Imala ?
Syriac. B-go baitbailc ?
540
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Who is it ?
Arabic.
Menu ?
Persian.
Kist?
Turkish.
Kim dir ?
Arm.
Ove?
Kurd.
Au kia ?
Syriac.
Manile ?
Let him enter.
Arabic.
Khalli-yidkhul.
Persian.
Biyayad.
Turkish.
Buyursun.
Arm.
Ners thogh ka.
Kurd.
Bila bet.
Syriac.
Shud awer.
Does the water boil ?
Arabic.
El-moi teghli ?
Persian.
Ab jush mi-khurad ?
Turkish.
Su qainayor mu ?
Arm.
Chourn g'erra artioq ?
Kurd.
Av kill bu ?
Syriac.
Gallo maya birthakhai
lai?
Good-bye.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Au revoir.
Arabic.
Persian.
Turkish.
Arm.
Kurd.
Syriac.
Auda'nakum or Fi aman
Allah {see Vocab.).
Khuda hafiz.
Allaha ismarladiq.
Mnaq parov.
Bkbatirata.
Posh bi-shlama.
Inshallah neshufek 'an
qaiib.
Dubareh shuma-ra kha-
him did.
Yaqinda goriishuriiz in-
shallah.
Yertaq parov.
Az jarak di ta debinim.
Bidkhazinnokh
khirta.
Pleasant journey.
Arabic. Ma'a 's-selamah.
Persian. Fi aman ill ah.
Turkish. Selametle, oghurlar-ol-
sun.
Arm. Pari janportoutiim.
Kurd. Safareta piroz bit.
Syriac. Saf ar diyokh hawe brikh a .
Of course.
Arabic. Ma'lum or helbet.
Persian. Albatteh.
Turkish, l^lbette.
Arm. Anshousht.
Kurd. Ma'lum.
Syriac. Ma'lum.
Please tell me.
Arabic. Tafadhdhal qul-li.
Persian. Lutfan mara bi-gii.
Turkish. Rija edorim bana soile.
Arm. Khntrem aseq intz.
Kurd, Zhkarameta, khabar beda
min.
Syriac, Kmarjin minnokh,
makhberi.
What did you say ?
Arabic. Esh quit ?
Persian. Chi guftid ?
Turkish. Ne dediniz ?
Arm. Inch usiq ? inch asetsiq ?
Kurd. Ta chl got ?
Syriac. Ma merokh ?
What did he say ?
Arabic. Esh qal ?
Persian. Ghi guft ?
Turkish. Ne dedi ?
Arm. Inch usav, inch asets ?
Kurd. Chi got ?^
Syriac. Ma imere ?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
541
Excuse me.
You are mistaken.
Arabic.
El-'afu.
Arabic.
Enta ghaltan.
Persian.
Bi-bakhslud.
Persian.
Khata kardid.
Turkish.
'AiV edersiniz.
Turkish.
Yanlishiniz var,
Arm.
Neretseq.
Arm.
Gr'skhaliq.
Kurd.
Gazin naka.
Kurd.
Tu khalatl.
Syriac.
Al-'afu {or la audhit ga- Syriac.
Gheltaiwet.
zin).
No matter.
Arabic.
Ma yukhalif.
Persian.
'Aibi na darad.
Turkish.
Zarar yoq.
Arm.
Hok che.
Kurd.
Bila bit.
Syriac.
Shud hawe {or la
has).
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THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
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OVERDUE.
<^FP 1^ 1914
AUG 31 1935
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