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Welcome To Saffuriyya - صفورية (צפוריה)

District of Nazareth
Ethnically cleansed days ago
العربية

Google Earth
Picture for Saffuriyya Village - Palestine: : Before and after, a picture tells a thousand words. After Israeli Jews destroyed the village, they planted trees to hide the crime. Our village will live forever in our hearts and minds
 Gallery (189)
Statistic & Fact Value
Occupation Date July 16, 1948
Distance From District 6 (km) Northwest of Nazareth
Elevation 250 (meters)
Before & After Nakba, Click Map For Detailswhat's new
Pre-Nakba Map showing before and after destruction
Pre-Nakba Aerial Viewwhat's new
Pre-Nakba Aerial View
Map Location See location #1 on the map

View from satellite
Military Operation Operation Dekel
Defenders Local militia & Arab Liberation Army
Village Temains Saffuriyya was mostly destroyed, and only few houses remained, including those for 'Abd al-Majid Sulayman and 'Ali Mawjuda. See the Pictures section for more details. Currently, the Jewish National Fund has planted pine trees over the village, and we believe you can sue them and win; in US courts if you like!
Ethnically Cleansing Saffuriyya inhabitants were completely ethnically cleansed, however, some currently live as Palestinian-Israeli citizens in Nazareth.
Clans The clans of Nijm, Hadayeh, Sa'deyeh, al-Mawa'deh, Zaghayreh, Barakeh, Mara'neh, Abu al-Na'aj, Abu al-Badadhah, Hawytah, Jareeshah, Khatab, Jahlsheh, Shihadeh, and Lyla. See Stories & Memories section for more details.
Pre-Nakba
Land Ownership
Ethnic Group Land Ownership (Dunums)*
Arab 41,748
Jewish 0
Public 13,630
**Total 55,378
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
**Town Lands' Demarcation Maps
Land Usage
As of 1945
Land Usage Arab (Dunum)*
Irrigated & Plantation 5,310
Olive Groves 3,270
Planted W/ Cereal 21,841
Built up 102
Arable 27,151
Non-Arable 28,125
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
Population
Year Population*
1596 2,200
19th century 2,500
1912 2,767
1922 2,582
1931 3,147
1945 4,330
1948 5,023
Est. Refugees 1998 30,845
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
Number of Houses
Year Number of Houses
1931 747
1948 1,192
Near By Townswhat's new
Kafr Manda
↑
(N)
Shafa Amr  ←
Saffuriyya
→   Mashhad
↓
Nazareth
↘           
Reina
Town's Name Through History The Romans referred to the village by Sepphoris, and the Crusades called it Le Sephorie.
Schools Saffuriyya had two elementary schools, one for boys and another for girls; the boys' school was founded in 1900 during Ottoman period.
Town's Notable People Saffurriyaa was also the hometown of the Islamic scholar Abu al-Baqa' al-Saffuri (d. 1625), who was very influential and became a judge in Safad, and also Saffuriyya was the hometown of Ahmad al-Sharif , also known by al-Saffuri al-Dimashqi (d. 1633), who was a judge and poet.
Local Council A local council was established in 1923 to manage the local affair of the town.
Shrines / Maqams A shrine for an unknown local sage which functions now as a synagogue.
Water Supply The village contains the following springs: 'Ayn al-Khalidyah (or 'Ayn al-'Askar), 'Ayn al-Qastal, 'Ayn al-Hananah, 'Ayn al-Bythah, 'Ayn al-'Aloush, 'Ayn Hasan, 'Ayn al-Ward, 'Ayn al-Mashrafyah, and 'Ayoun al-Jabyah. See Stories & Memories section for more details.
Archeological Sites Saffuriyya contains a Roman coliseum (to the northwest) which could seat 4,000- 5,000 people (probably built in the first century A.D.). In 1745, al-Thahir al-'Umar al-Zaydani (1695-1775) built a fortress which overlooked the village, and it also contains the remains Saint Hanna church.
Exculsive Jewish Colonies
Who Usurped Village Lands		 Tzippori, ha-Solelim, Allon ha-Galil Hosha'aya, and Chanton
Featured Video

Village Before Nakba

The village stood on the southwestern slope of an outcrop of eocene sedimentary rock that rose about 110m above the plain to the south. A secondary road linked it to the highway leading to Nazareth and the coastal highway to the northwest. The area around Saffuriyya constituted a gateway to Lower Galilee, a location that had accorded it strategic significance since ancient times. Its name may have been derived from the Syriac word 'Sefre' (bird), possibly a reference to the hill upon which it perched, like a bird. Soon after the Roman conquest of Palestine Saffuriyya became the administrative center for all of Galilee. After the suppression of the First Jewish Revolt in A.D. 70 the town gradually became a center of Jewish religious life. It was then called Sepphoris, later, under Hadrian, it was called Diocaesarea. It had both a Jewish community and a Christian community during the Byzantine period.

Saffuriyya was taken by the Muslims in A.D. 634, in the early days of the Muslim conquest. It figured prominently in subsequent history. The Crusaders, who called it Le Sephorie, built a castle there, Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi (Saladin) wrested it from their hands after the battle of Hittin in A.D. 1187. A number of Arab and Muslim geographers and chroniclers, including al-Baladhiri (d. A.D. 892), Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. A.D. 1228), and Ibn al-'Imad al-Hanbali (d. 1678) made references to Saffuriyya. Al-Hamawi, for example, reported in his Mu'jam that it was a village next to Tiberias. Saffuriyya was the hometown of a number of Arab and Islamic scholars, including Abu al-Baqa' al-Saffuri (d. 1625), who was very influential and became a judge in Safad and in several cities in what are today known as Syria and Lebanon. Another was Ahmad al-Sharif, also known as al-Saffuri al-Dimashqi (d. 1633), a judge and poet. In 1596, Saffuriyya was a village in the nahiya of Tiberias (liwa' of Safad) with a population of 2,200. It paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, and olives, as well as on other types of produce and property such as goats, beehives, and a press that was used for processing either olives or grapes.

In 1745, Zahir al-'Umar al-Zaydani (1695–1775), who became the effective ruler of northern Palestine for a short period during the second half of the eighteenth century, built a fortress on the hilltop above Saffuriyya. The church of Saint Hanna ('Anna') was built in the village atop the ruins of a large, late-sixth-century cathedral. In the early nineteenth century, the British traveler J. Buckingham noted that all of its inhabitants were Muslims and that the ruins of the house of St. Anna had been completely demolished. Later in the nineteenth century, Saffuriyya was a village built of stone and mud and situated along the slope of a hill. The village contained the remains of the Church of St. Anna and a square tower, said to have been built in the mid-eighteenth century. The residents, whose number was estimated at 2,500, cultivated 150 faddans (1 faddan = 100-250 dunums), they planted olive trees in some of this land (see photo). Modern Saffuriyya was the largest village in the Nazareth district in terms of population and land area. Its houses were made of cement and mud, and it was laid out in a rectangular grid, with its streets intersecting at the commercial center. In later years house construction expanded northwestward and southeastward. The population consisted of 4,320 Muslims and 10 Christians. Saffuriyya had two elementary schools, one for boys and another for girls, the boys' school was founded in 1900, during Ottoman rule. A local council was established in it in 1923. The council's expenditures, which were slightly less than its revenues, grew from 74 Palestinian pounds (P£) in 1929 to P£1,217 in 1944.

The area around Saffuriyya was well endowed with fertile soil and surface and underground water resources. Agriculture was the mainstay of the economy, with olives being the chief crop. In 1944/45 a total of 21,841 dunums was allocated to cereals, 5,310 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, of which 3,720 dunums were planted with olive trees.

Archaeological research has made it clear that Saffuriyya had been inhabited almost continuously from Hellenistic times, despite the fact that its buildings were destroyed more than once. Excavations in 1931 revealed a Roman amphitheater to the northwest that could seat from 4,000 to 5,000 people and that was probably built in the first century A.D. A recently discovered mosaic testifies to the wealth and culture of Roman Sepphoris. A later inscription refers to the restoration of a church in Saffuriyya in A.D. 516-517. The fortress constructed by Zahir al-'Umar (mentioned above) was built on the foundations of a Byzantine structure , and its third storey was added later, during the reign of the Ottoman sultan 'Abd al-Hamid II.

Village Occupation and Ethnic Cleaning

Israeli accounts of the capture of Saffuriyya emphasize its reputation for resistance to Zionist forces. The first mention of an attack on Saffuriyya was made by the New York Times. It quoted an Israeli air force communiqué that claimed that direct hits were scored on the village on 30 May 1948. It was occupied two weeks later as a prelude to the attack on Nazareth during Operation Dekel (see 'Amqa, Acre District) by an armored battalion of the Sheva' Brigade and two infantry battalions of the Carmeli Brigade. The History of the War of Independence states that on the night of 15 July 1948, the combined force 'reached the outskirts of Saffuriyya after penetrating almost 15 kilometers into enemy territory…. Immediately, it closed ranks to launch the attack…. The Arabs of Saffuriyya were always known in the Galilee as fierce warriors, but the village fell with almost no fighting because of the extreme surprise.' The occupation was completed at dawn. However, Israeli historian Benny Morris indicates that the village 'put up strong resistance to the IDF [Israel Defense Forces] advance', as a result, he suggests, Saffuriyya was levelled and its inhabitants expelled. He also writes that the village 'had strongly supported Qawuqji's troops [i.e., the Arab Liberation Army] and had a history of anti-Yishuv behaviour (1936–39).'

The people of Saffuriyya later recounted a version of events that does not correspond exactly to either Israeli account. They told Palestinian historian Nafez Nazzal that their village had been bombed by three Israeli planes during the night of 15 July, dropping 'barrels filled with explosives, metal fragments, nails and glass.' The bombs killed and wounded a number of villagers, and many fled to the orchards for cover. The village militia remained, fighting haphazardly. One participant stated, 'We were disorganized…. We fought independently, every man for himself. There was no communication or coordination among us.' The battle was soon over, and by morning many of those hiding out in orchards decided to leave, going northwards or eastwards.

Villagers reported that a small number of people remained in the village and that only a few managed to return for belongings. But Israeli sources claim otherwise, Morris states that those remaining were expelled in September 1948, but 'hundreds infiltrated back' in the following months, so that 'the Jewish authorities feared that if the infiltrees were left in place, the village would soon return to its pre-war population of 4,000. Besides, neighboring Jewish settlements coveted Saffuriyya lands.' One senior settlement official stated in November 1948: 'Next to Nazareth is a village …. whose distant lands are needed for our settlements. Perhaps they can be given another place.' Consequently, Morris states, the inhabitants were loaded on trucks in January 1949 and expelled again to the Arab communities of 'Illut, al-Rayna, and Kafr Kanna. Beginning in February, some of the village lands were given to the kibbutz of ha-Solelim. Morris states that the settlements of Sde Nachum and Cheftzi-Bah also got portions of the village land.

Zionists Colonies on Village Lands

The agricultural settlement of Tzippori , located 3 km southeast of the village site, was founded on village land in 1949. The settlement of ha-Solelim , also founded in 1949 on village land, is west of the site. More recently, three settlements have been established on village land: Allon ha-Galil , built in 1980, Hosha'aya , built in 1981, and Chanton , built northwest of the village site in 1984.

Village Today

Only a few houses remain on the site, including those of 'Abd al-Majid Sulayman and 'Ali Mawjuda. Otherwise the site is covered by a pine forest planted by the Jewish National Fund to commemorate a number of persons and occasions (such as Guatemala's Independence Day) (see photo). Zahir al-'Umar's fortress still stands atop the hill, though some of its walls have collapsed. It is ringed by excavation sites. On the northern side of the village the monastery of Saint Anna still remains and serves as an orphanage for Palestinian children. There is also a Roman Orthodox church (see photos). Along the southern road to the village there is a synagogue that was originally a Muslim shrine. Next to it lies a recent Israeli cemetery.

Source

Dr. Walid al-Khalidi, 1992: All That Remains.
Related Maps Town Lands' Demarcation Maps
خرائط للقضاء توضح حدود القرى والاودية
Town's map on MapQuest
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Bibliography and References

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Display Name Clan/Hamolah Country of Residence
Lara Barakeh Barakeh -
Faisal Abdul-Majid Abdul-Majid/Nijim/Sulayman Ontario, Canada
Adam Mehdi - Ontario, Canada
مروان ابو قاسم - Winchester, UK
Nael Yacoub Abu Na'aj Ontario, Canada
بكر صفوري الشيخ حسين فلسطين, فلسطين
Najem Bassem Abdulaziz Najem TX, USA
ASHRAF NAJM Ashraf najm United Arab Emirates - Dubai, UAE
Sleyman Sleiman Nijim -
محمد الطه نجـــم صيــدا, لبنــان
عمر عباس - عمان, الاردن
جودي عباس جدة, جدة
moaaz nejem nejem -
nahed al saadi السعدي طرابلس - لبنان
Nizar Zaaroura - -
محمد أحمد النجم نجم أبو ظبي, الإمارات
محمد فضل عباس Abbas Amman
wael aboalniaj - -
Abeer Al-Haj Hasan Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
saly - الجزائر, الجزائر
nour qassem - -
Jihad Aref علاء الدين Victoria, Australia
ديما نجمة ابو شحادة الجزائر, الجزائر
رولا نجمة أبو شحادة England
قاسم نجمة ابوشحادة دمشق _ مخيم اليرموك
abedelrahman - tripoli, lebanon
عامر محمد موعد موعد اليرموك
Nader Azzam - Melbourne, Australia
Jamal Murshed Barakah - Jordan, Jordan
يسرى سعيد الحاج نصار نصار الناصرة, سوريا
منذر ابو النعاج -, -
عبد الكريم عزام عزام زغايرة الناصرة
محمد جمال موعد MAWED ABU DHIBE, ABU DHIBE
Eman azzam azzam dammam, K.S.A
jehad mawed - U.A.E, U.A.E
saleem rinawi - egypt, egypt
صفوري خلف أبوظبي
بلال السعدي Dubai, UAE
مهند سويدان السعدي -
Saleh Alafifi Afifi -
ARSO نجم دبي, دبي
Ebn Fransees - -
TAHER ABEDELMAJID (صفورية)ABEDELMAJID-NIJIM LEBANON, LEBANON
AHMED ABEDELMAJID (صفورية)--NIJIM ABEDELMAJID CHICAGO,IL, USA
Mamdouh El Haj Assad - Espoo, Finland
A.Zaaroura - saffouri, Abu Dhabi - UAE
Abu Abdallah (Wasim M. Moued) - Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
جبريل حاج (نجم) الناصره
ali - lebanon
sabir saffuriyya Vorarlberg, austria
المحامي الصفوري safforiah سورية, سورية
laila abu naaj - -
موعد - برلين, المانيا
رامي - بنغازي
Samar Barakeh - -
M&M - Tripoli, Lebanon
abc - saida, Lebanon
سعيد - -
Bassem Abdallah Abdulaziz ( Abu Najem ) Najem Houston TX USA
FATHI ABUJMEIH abujmeih abu dhabi
حنين موعد موعد الناصرة
قاسم محمد عقل - العين
ABD abou salah -
نضال خطاب Khattab -
Ahmad safforieh safforieh, greece
اسراء ابو النعاج ابو النعاج الناصرة
أحمد الموعد الموعد أبوظبي, الإمارات
Sami Abdul Majid - -
Maher Najim -
ABU-JOOJ AL-SOUYDAN DOHA, QATAR
Ghalia Al-Farekh - Damascus, Syria
Younes Abed Khattab Damascus, Syria
Iman Elhajj Nejim Abu Dhabi, U.A.E
nassem issa - -
Mohamad Najem Najem Najem -
شادي كريم ريم -
Raghda Khalifa Safad Damascus, Syria
سليمان طه السليمان dubai, united arab emirates
Tarik Salim Maoued Maoued -
منى احمد صفوريه ابو ظبي
حكمه الحسن شلبي صيدا, لبنان
Saleh Abu Niaj - -
walid walid saida/lebanon, lebanon
MOHAMAD SAID EL-TAHA NAGEM berlin, germany
Hadaidi - -
AL SAADI al nazra emirates, emirates
Hani Yacoub Abuneag Ontario, Canada
Hamza Al Mawed La Haye, The Netherlands
Fadi Akl Hadadi Saudi Arabia
عثمان أبو زنيد الشرحة -
محمد الرناوي اليعقوبي AbuDhabi, UAE
القرش - سورية, سورية
محمد صالح شحادة أبو شحادة ألمانيا, بون
iman zaroura saffuriyyah canada
GHASSAN ALI EL NAOFAL HADAIDA DUBAI, UAE
فؤاد ابو خرج - saoth, lebanon
Amer Said Afifi El-Afifi Tx, USA
DR.SULEIMAN HAMMAD أبو النعاج TRIPOLI, LEBANON
Ahmad S Maoued - -
osama abbas abbas lebanon, lebanon
shehadeh abbas abbas saida, lebanon
صلاح علاء الدين علاء الدين صفورية - الناصرة - القدس
Waseem الموعد Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
عبدالرحمن عبدالمعطي نجم -
موعد مصطفى سليم الموعد موعد الناصره , الصفافره
abd rinawi - -
ASZ Zaaroura -
shereen mawid Safforiya damascus, syria
Nadia A B -
abou youssef abou seraj danmark
jaber amin - -
mohamed othman othman -
Ahmad Mawed Mawed Danmark, Danmark
mohamad ghanoumi - NSW, AUSTRALIA
khader - vienna, austira
عالم ليس لنا نجم -
عائلة ابو حيط ابو حيط في الشتات
suffurie nijim palestine, palestine
Barhoush A labady Tulkarem, Palestine
Mohamad Abou Salem - Lebanon
Manal Mawed Almawed North Lebanon, Lebanon
sweet.idea1@hotmail.com safouria lebanon, saida
ALI DAKAKNI DAKAKNI ONTARIO, CANADA
abbas el rinawi - dubai, uae
Amer Khattab Khattab -
yousef lutfi abo amni u.a.e, united arab emirts
Hussein Kenaan Kenaan Germany
osama mawed - Saida, Lebanon
Muna Afifi Afifi Nazareth
Hadi Rached JAHLASH melbourne, australia
Hadi Rached Jahlash melbourne, australia
Samer Khattab Khattab Damascus, Syria
nassim Arabi uae, 009716
mohamad awdeh abuneaj melbourne, australia
Shibil Abou Khurj - North, Lebanon
kewan - nazareth
abu salim hadidi Sharjah, Sharjah
amer almawed ALMAWED GOTENBORG, SWEDEN
Billo - -
abdul ghuneim ghuneim -
was abu naag abu dhabi, UAE
Hossam Yaacoub Abuneaj Ontario, Canada
Nabil Salim Yacoub Abuneaj Ankara, Turkey
alhajjah tamam layla -
abujabour mawaadeh -
imad nejim nth, lebanon
Abou Alshibil Abou Khurj Tripoli, Lebanon
zahed mawad tهstrup, denmark
Riyad Amin (Mifleh) Nijim Ramallah, Palestine
Khaled Akl Hadadi Denmark
sue akl Hadadi ontario, canada
HollyPal - ME, palestinian refugee in lebanon
Zaher Ghuneim - Ontario, Canada
Mohammad Assad elhaj assad (atiyyah) Finland, Finland
Omar Rinawi - -
fadi zaaroura - -
Khaled el_haj Najim FUJAIRAH, U.A.E.
seif maweid aall- mawed fyn, denmark
Mohamad Sleiman Zaaroura Zaaroura Ankara, Turkey
mohammed elsaadi Sa'deyeh TRIPOLI, LEBANON
Abdul Rahman Abu Niaj - -
Iyad Zaaroura Zaaroura -
Seleno-Aboradi Saffuriyya - صفورية tripoli, lebanon
mohamad omar mohamad zaaroura zaaroura quebec, canada
Imad Mowed Mowed london, UK
Nasser Khalil Abo Amneh Texas, Palestine,Lebanon,USA
NIZAR GHUNEIM - NSW, AUSTRALIA
Jamal Khalil Abo Amneh Texas, USA
ksaffuri Shaikh Hsain DC, USA
kareem elsaadi al saadi palestine, palestine
Mohammad Barakeh Barakeh Israel, Israel
suleiman khalaf - lebanon, lebanon
gardenia said - -
ahmad kiwan - -
yousef lutfi alsaeed abu dahbi, UAE
Shadi Rashid Najem DAMASCUS, SYRIA
ALI-MAWED - north, lebanon
Nasim arabi Arabi tripoli, 961
khalilmawed - tripoli, lebanon
najim NAJIM tripoli
Walid AL-Haj Ahmad/Jafali Alhaj Ahmad/Jafali Amsterdam, Holland
BASSAM KANAAN KANAAN ONTARIO, CANADA
khalil najim / khalil tripolie, lebanon
youssef zaroura - tripoli, lebanon
haisam elchafei - canada, canada
wesam alraheem - tripoli, lebanon
Raed Zaroura Zaroura AbuDhabi, UAE
Nabil Kanaan Kanaan Abu Dhabi
nayef Moh'd kanaan Kanaan Malmo
rami el_hassan - lebanon
basil ghuneim - lebanon
Tarek Rashed Jahlash Abu-Dhabi, UAE
Khaled Abdulghani Nejim/Abu Amni Canada/Ottawa
Ahmad M. Sulayman . Sulayman U.A E, United Arab Emirates
suleiman al suleiman nijim -
HANAFI GHUNEIM DUBAI, UAE DUBAI
Bassam Elsaadi Sa'adyah melbourne, AUSTRALIA
samir allouche najim south, lebanon
Mohammad Elsaadi Elsaadi(Sa'deyeh) melbourne, australia
Houssam Elsaadi Elsaadi(Sa'deyeh) melbourne, australia
Saleh Elsaadi Elsaadi(Sa'deyeh) melbourne, australia
IHSAN GHUNEIM GHUNEIM -
Ayman Mahdi Fleifel - Riyadh, KSA
Ibrahim Abou-Awdi Texas, United State of America
Moussa Osman Nijim Dubai, United Arab Emirates
ahmad laila - tripoli, lebanon
Ahmad El-Tawbah Tawbah -
Fouad Youssif Abdul-Rahman Tennessee, U S A
ziad laila laila lebanon, lebanon
Ali Khalil najim lebanon, lebanon
Waleed Khaleel Nejim damascs, syria
lebanon gkgk. dhfju,ul., tripoli
fadi laila Laila ..., UAE
Abou Jihad Azzaghayreh Slagelse, Denmark
Ahmad Yasin Hadaideh Galil, Israel (palestine 48)
ghassan elsaadi Elsaadi(Sa'deyeh) tripoli, Lebanon
hatem ghuneim ghuneim lebanon, lebanon
Naseem - ANKARA, Turkey
nael ghuneim lebanon, lebanon
azzamcenter azzam azzam lebanon, lebanon
ziad NEJEM NEJEM ankara, turkey
samer audi Audeh Dubai, UAE
Mohammad Khalil Khalil(Najim) Ankara, Turkey
OTHMAN MAWED ALMAWED -
Tarek Moued Moued Denmark, Denmark
MOHAMMED ALMAWED ALMAWED SWEDEN, SWEDEN
Mohd Mashhadawi Mashhadawi Abu Dhabi, Uae
امـيـن مشـهـداوى mashhadawi united arab emirates, u.a.e
ibrahim ateia ateia damascus
TARIK ODEH SHAIK MAHMOUD-LAYLA ABU DHABI, U.A.E
mohammed suleiman NAJIM SAIDA, LEBANON
AHMAD ISSA NEJIM COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
Maher Salim Ismail Ismail (Nejim) Abu Dhabi, UAE, United Arab Emirates
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Mona Abu Qassim Abu Qassim -
Salim Rinawi Rinawi Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Nisrine Barakeh London, UK
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