gall

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gall¹

(gôl)

1. Outrageous insolence; effrontery: After borrowing my car, he had the gall to complain about its seats.

a. Bitterness of feeling; rancor.

b. Something bitter to endure: the gall of defeat.

3. See bile.

[Middle English galle, gallbladder, bile, courage, from Old English gealla, galla, bile; see ghel- in Indo-European roots.]

gall²

(gôl)

1. A skin sore caused by friction and abrasion: a saddle gall.

a. Exasperation; vexation.

b. The cause of such vexation.

v. galled, gall·ing, galls

v.tr.

1. To irk or exasperate; vex: It galled me to have to wait outside.

2. To wear away or make sore by abrasion; chafe:

v.intr.

To become worn or sore by abrasion.

[Middle English galle, from Old English gealla, possibly from Latin galla, nutgall.]

gall³

(gôl)

An abnormal growth of plant tissue caused by an organism, such as an insect, mite, or bacterium, or by a wound.

[Middle English galle, from Old French, from Latin galla, nutgall.]

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

gall

(ɡɔːl)

1. informal impudence

2. bitterness; rancour

3. something bitter or disagreeable

4. (Physiology) physiol an obsolete term for bile¹

5. (Anatomy) an obsolete term for gallbladder

[from Old Norse, replacing Old English gealla; related to Old High German galla, Greek kholē]

gall

(ɡɔːl)

1. (Pathology) a sore on the skin caused by chafing

2. something that causes vexation or annoyance: a gall to the spirits.

3. irritation; exasperation

4. (Pathology) pathol to abrade (the skin, etc) as by rubbing

5. (tr) to irritate or annoy; vex

[C14: of Germanic origin; related to Old English gealla sore on a horse, and perhaps to gall¹]

gall

(ɡɔːl)

(Plant Pathology) an abnormal outgrowth in plant tissue caused by certain parasitic insects, fungi, bacteria, or mechanical injury

[C14: from Old French galle, from Latin galla]

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

gall¹

(gɔl)

n.

1. audacity; impudence; effrontery.

2. bile (def. 1).

3. something bitter or severe.

4. bitterness of spirit; rancor.

[before 900; Old English galla, gealla, c. Old High German galla; akin to Latin fel, Greek cholḗ gall, bile]

gall²

(gɔl)
v.t.

1. to make sore by rubbing; chafe severely: The saddle galled the horse's back.

2. to irritate greatly: An arrogant manner galls me.

v.i.

3. to be or become chafed.

4. a sore on the skin, esp. of a horse, due to rubbing.

5. something very vexing or irritating.

6. a state of vexation or irritation.

[before 1000; Middle English galle, perhaps < Middle Dutch, Middle Low German gall, akin to Old English gealla sore on a horse]

gall³

(gɔl)

n.

any abnormal outgrowth or swelling in a plant, as from viral damage, insect egg deposits, or chemical irritants.

[1350–1400; Middle English galle < Middle French < Latin galla gallnut. See gall²]

gall

(gôl)

An abnormal swelling of plant tissue, caused by insects, microorganisms, or injury.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

gall

- As in gallbladder, it refers to a secretion of the liver or to bile.

gall

Past participle: galled
Gerund: galling

Imperative
gall
gall

Present
I gall
you gall
he/she/it galls
we gall
you gall
they gall

Preterite
I galled
you galled
he/she/it galled
we galled
you galled
they galled

Present Continuous
I am galling
you are galling
he/she/it is galling
we are galling
you are galling
they are galling

Present Perfect
I have galled
you have galled
he/she/it has galled
we have galled
you have galled
they have galled

Past Continuous
I was galling
you were galling
he/she/it was galling
we were galling
you were galling
they were galling

Past Perfect
I had galled
you had galled
he/she/it had galled
we had galled
you had galled
they had galled

Future
I will gall
you will gall
he/she/it will gall
we will gall
you will gall
they will gall

Future Perfect
I will have galled
you will have galled
he/she/it will have galled
we will have galled
you will have galled
they will have galled

Future Continuous
I will be galling
you will be galling
he/she/it will be galling
we will be galling
you will be galling
they will be galling

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been galling
you have been galling
he/she/it has been galling
we have been galling
you have been galling
they have been galling

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been galling
you will have been galling
he/she/it will have been galling
we will have been galling
you will have been galling
they will have been galling

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been galling
you had been galling
he/she/it had been galling
we had been galling
you had been galling
they had been galling

Conditional
I would gall
you would gall
he/she/it would gall
we would gall
you would gall
they would gall

Past Conditional
I would have galled
you would have galled
he/she/it would have galled
we would have galled
you would have galled
they would have galled

Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:

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Noun	1.	gall - an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle saddle sore animal disease - a disease that typically does not affect human beings
	2.	gall - a skin sore caused by chafing sore - an open skin infection saddle sore - sore on a horseback rider chafed by a saddle
	3.	gall - abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury plant tissue - the tissue of a plant oak apple - oak gall caused by larvae of a cynipid wasp
	4.	gall - a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will bitterness, rancor, rancour, resentment ill will, enmity, hostility - the feeling of a hostile person; "he could no longer contain his hostility" heartburning - intense resentment; "his promotion caused much heartburning among his rivals" huffishness, sulkiness - a feeling of sulky resentment grievance, grudge, score - a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation; "holding a grudge"; "settling a score" enviousness, envy - a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another
	5.	gall - a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats bile digestive fluid, digestive juice - secretions that aid digestion
	6.	gall - the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties cheekiness, insolence, impertinence, impudence, crust, freshness rudeness, discourtesy - a manner that is rude and insulting chutzpa, chutzpah, hutzpah - (Yiddish) unbelievable gall; insolence; audacity
Verb	1.	gall - become or make sore by or as if by rubbing chafe, fret irritate - excite to an abnormal condition, or chafe or inflame; "Aspirin irritates my stomach"
	2.	gall - irritate or vex; "It galls me that we lost the suit" irk anger - make angry; "The news angered him"

gall

verb

1. annoy, provoke, irritate, aggravate (informal), get (informal), trouble, bother, disturb, plague, madden, ruffle, exasperate, nettle, vex, displease, irk, rile (informal), peeve (informal), get under your skin (informal), get on your nerves (informal), nark (Brit., Austral., & N.Z. slang), get up your nose (informal), give someone grief (Brit. & S. African), make your blood boil, piss you off (taboo slang), rub up the wrong way, get on your wick (Brit. slang), get your back up, put your back up It was their smugness that galled her most.

noun

1. growth, lump, excrescence The mites live within the galls that are formed on the plant.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

gall¹

noun

1. The quality or state of feeling bitter:

acrimony, bitterness, embitterment, rancor, rancorousness, resentfulness, resentment, virulence, virulency.

2. The state or quality of being impudent or arrogantly self-confident:

Informal: brass, crust, sauce, uppishness, uppityness.

gall²

verb

1. To make (the skin) raw by or as if by friction:

abrade, chafe, excoriate, fret, irritate.

2. To trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, especially by repeated vexations:

aggravate, annoy, bother, bug, chafe, disturb, exasperate, fret, get, irk, irritate, nettle, peeve, provoke, put out, rile, ruffle, vex.

Idioms: get in one's hair, get on one's nerves, get under one's skin.

Translations

حِقْد، غِل، ضَغينَهصَفْراءيُضايِق، يُزْعِج

drzostrozhořčitžluč

ærgreforbitrefrækhedgalde

Galle ärgern Frechheit

hiel molestar agalla atrevimiento bilis

äkämäärsyttäähäiritähiertääsappi

amer bile effronterie exaspérer galle

angra, ergjagallósvífni

bile irritare sfacciataggine galla

akmuo tulžies pūslėjeskaudintitulžies pūslėžeisti

aizvainotbezkaunībakaitinātnekaunībažults

ambeterendurf gal galblaasgalknobbel

forbitre

incomodar

rozhorčiť

skava

canını sıkmakküstahlıköd safrasinirlendirmek

令人恼怒厚颜无耻胆汁

gall

[gɔːl]

A. N

1. (Anat) → bilis f, hiel f

2. (Bot) → agalla f; (on animal) → matadura f

3. (fig) (= bitterness) → hiel f (= cheek) → descaro m
she had the gall to say that → tuvo el descaro de decir eso

B. VT → molestar, dar rabia a

C. CPD gall bladder N → vesícula f biliar

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

gall

[ˈgɔːl]

→ bile f

(fig) (= cheek) → effronterie f

vt → irriter

gall

(Physiol) → Galle (→ nsaft m) f

(= sore) → Wundstelle f; (Bot) → Galle f; (nut-shaped) → Gallapfel m

(fig liter) → Bitternis f (geh)

(inf) → Frechheit f; to have the gall to do something → die Frechheit haben or besitzen, etw zu tun

vt (= chafe) → wund reiben or scheuern; (fig) → maßlos ärgern; it galls me that … → es ärgert mich maßlos, dass …

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

gall

[gɔːl]

1. n (Anat) → bile f (fig) (impudence) → fegato, faccia (tosta)

2. vt → seccare
it galled him to have to ask permission → gli seccava dover chiedere il permesso

gall

(goːl) noun

1. a bitter liquid which is stored in the gall bladder.

2. impudence. He had the gall to say he was my friend after being so rude to me.

verb

to annoy (a person) very much. It galls me to think that he is earning so much money.

gall bladder

an organ of the body attached to the liver, in which gall is stored.

ˈgallstone noun

a small hard object that is sometimes formed in the gall bladder.

gall

n. bilis, hiel;

___ ducts → conductos biliares.

References in classic literature ?

Such an enterprise would seem almost as hopeful as for Lavater to have scrutinized the wrinkles on the Rock of Gibraltar, or for Gall to have mounted a ladder and manipulated the Dome of the Pantheon.

View in context

When they feast a friend they kill an ox, and set immediately a quarter of him raw upon the table (for their most elegant treat is raw beef newly killed) with pepper and salt; the gall of the ox serves them for oil and vinegar; some, to heighten the delicacy of the entertainment, add a kind of sauce, which they call manta, made of what they take out of the guts of the ox; this they set on the fire, with butter, salt, pepper, and onion.

View in context

It seemed that the bitterest thoughts of her life must have centred about the wooded reaches and the bright green meadows around Goring; but women strangely hug the knife that stabs them, and, perhaps, amidst the gall, there may have mingled also sunny memories of sweetest hours, spent upon those shadowed deeps over which the great trees bend their branches down so low.

View in context

Gall observed that insane persons underwent an accession of their disorder twice in every month, at the epochs of new and full moon.

View in context

Owing to new experiments, he had made enormous strides beyond the science of Gall and Lavater.

View in context

Unworthy son, coward, liar,--you, who hold your councils with thieves and murderers in dark rooms at night,--you, whose plots and wiles have brought a violent death upon the head of one worth millions such as you,--you, who from your cradle were gall and bitterness to your own father's heart, and in whom all evil passions, vice, and profligacy, festered, till they found a vent in a hideous disease which had made your face an index even to your mind--you, Edward Leeford, do you still brave me!'

View in context

'Tis split, too --that I feel; the jagged edge galls me so, my brain seems to beat against the solid metal; aye, steel skull, mine; the sort that needs no helmet in the most brain-battering fight!

View in context

A galled fastener may not be able to achieve the necessary pre-load -- especially in case of dynamic loading.

Galling 'a serious issue in manufacturing'

Despite the increasing number of gall inventories, comparisons between surveyed areas are problematic since different sampling efforts and methodologies have been used.

Plantas y hospederos de agallas de la Reserva Biologica Tirimbina, Sarapiqui, Costa Rica: combinando muestras del campo con registros del herbario

In gall structural studies, plant developmental machinery is supposed to be similarly stimulated by the feeding habit of distinct gall-inducing taxa.

Feeding and Other Gall Facets: Patterns and Determinants in Gall Structure

Successors are organisms that use the gall after the inducer leaves it (Mani 1964).

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